Index
Abbasi, Ali, 260n5
Abdi, Farhiya, 117
abstract space, afterlife of, 114–18
activism, 50, 106, 109, 131, 151, 162, 179; Afro-diasporic, 125; Afro-Swedish, 165; anticolonialism, 169; antiracist, 41, 49, 73, 124, 194
Adehlsohn-Liljeroth, Lena, 226
Adeniji, Anna, 145
Adventures of Tintin, The (Hergé), 85, 86
AFR. See Afrosvenskarnas Forum för Rättvisa
Africa: idea of, 67, 206; performing, 199–201
Africa Faré (African Dance), 203
African (afrikan), 7, 132, 135, 153, 154, 155, 160, 232
Africana studies, 32, 192, 202, 230
African Americans, 7, 148, 158; remembering, 48; in Sweden, 42–45
African Diaspora International Film Festival, 216
African Movie Academy, 188, 189
African National Congress (ANC), 261n19
Africanness, 6, 24, 138, 156, 203
African-Swedes (afrikansvenskar), 48, 131, 135, 155; creative labor of, 167
African-Swedish (afrikansvensk), 7, 40, 132, 136–37, 138, 156, 158, 160, 172, 214
Afro-German (afrodeutsche), 159
Afromantics, 226
Afro-Sweden, 28, 92, 171, 216, 232; articulating, 133; being/belonging in, 127–28; diasporic routes of, 100; historical roots of, 100; imagining, 19–25; migrant forebears of, 61; remembering, 126–28; renaissance in, 244, 266n21
Afro-Swedes (afrosvenskar), viii, 5–9, 22, 48, 67, 94, 105, 109, 117–18, 121, 133, 157, 170, 182, 194, 207; African/Black diaspora and, ix, 244; common culture and, 134–35; politics of erasure and, 233; racial solidarity and, 5; racism and, 242; social experiences of, 14; story of, 4
Afro-Swedish (afrosvensk), vii, ix, 8, 40, 64, 66, 127, 132, 138, 155, 156, 157, 159, 160, 167, 171, 172, 175, 182, 232; claiming, 6, 136–37; term, 5, 7, 135, 158, 179
Afro-Swedish chronotope, 72, 73, 77, 81, 82, 84, 87, 88, 91; as Afro-Swedish criticism, 93–100
Afro-Swedish elders, 64; narratives of, 31–32
Afro Tiambo, 52
Afrophobia (afrofobi), 8, 12–13, 119, 170, 196, 197, 211, 232
“Afrophobia Report,” 12–13
Afrosvenska Akademin (Afro-Swedish Academy), 17
Afrosvenskarnas Forum för Rättvisa (AFR; Pan-African Movement for Justice), 178, 195–96, 235, 238
Afrosvenskarnas Riksförbund (National Union of Afro-Swedes), 8, 42, 86–87, 159, 169, 170, 171–72, 173, 179, 181, 186, 191, 194, 195, 196, 263n8, 264n9, 264n11; African community and, 166–67
Afrosvenskarnas Riksorganisation (National Organization of Afro-Swedes; Afrosvenskarnas Riksförbund), 17, 235
Afrosvensk i det nya Sverige (Afro-Swedish in the New Sweden; Gärding), 181–82
Aftonbladet, 239, 263n7, 267n6
agency, 177; Afro-diasporic modes of, 241; Afro-Nordic, 90; intellectual, 30; social, 168
Alexandria’s (club), 51
Ali, Ahmed Ibrahim (aka Romário), 114, 260n11
Ali-Nuur, Faaid, 118–19, 120, 127
Allmänna Arvsfonden (Public Heritage Fund), 181, 182
Anderson, Benedict, 166
Angelou, Maya, 209
anthropology, 106; cultural, 26; phenomenological, 127; physical, 10
anti-apartheid struggle, 10, 55, 92, 125
anti-blackness, 72, 91, 106, 121, 127, 206, 227, 229, 232–33, 242; dismembering legacy of, 44–45; global, 241
antiracism, 10, 18, 19, 21, 80, 86, 124, 125, 151, 160, 167, 194, 196, 197, 202, 206, 209, 214; color-blind, 185
Anyuru, Johannes, 150
Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 11, 55, 56, 222
Arbery, Ahmaud, 236
Arendt, Hannah, 31, 112, 116, 120–21; human artifice and, 107; laboring animal and, 126; natality and, 231
art, 27, 28, 200, 209; African, 201, 204; Afro-diasporic, 4, 201; Afro-Swedish, 18, 23, 201–2, 230; Black, 190, 230; performing, 41, 100, 106, 174, 201; public, 163; verbal, 132; visual, 41, 100, 106, 187, 201
Asplund, Tess, 123–26, 127, 261nn17–19
Assefa, Astrid, 41–42, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 255n12
associational life (föreningsliv), 142, 176, 182; Afro-Swedish, 166–67, 168, 169–73, 192; diasporic, 193; pan-African, 133
Autobiography of Malcolm X, The, 58
awakening, cultural/racial, 208, 209–10
awareness, 30, 48, 58, 113, 210, 211, 223; Afro-diasporic, 231; racial, 192; raising, 97, 98, 159, 171, 179
Axelsson, Cecilia, 89, 90, 258n18
Baartman, Saartje (Sara), 223
Bagen (TV show), 111
Baker, Josephine, 255n3
Balagade, Justine (Sister Justice), 6
Ballet Negro Africain, 51
Ballet Wassasso, 203
Bamako Sounds (Skinner), 200
Bard, Alexander, 239–40
Barrett, Michael, 89, 257n17, 258nn18–19, 259n24
Basciano, Oliver, 71
Beldina, 212
belonging, 106, 122; cultural, 45, 180; national, 34, 40; social, 14, 15, 45, 180
Bengtsson, Alexander, 121–22, 123, 127, 261n17
Bergman, Hjalmar, 264n19
Bergman, Ingmar, 78
Berlin Conference, 75
Best of Harlem, 50
“Beyond the New Black” (conference), 187
Bildt, Carl, 2
Bjørkås, Svein, 70
Black (svart), 7, 132, 153, 154, 155, 172, 232
Black Atlantic, 20, 33, 45, 221, 232
black bodies, 207; as primitive/sexualized/athletic, 265n13; white rooms and, 55
Black Coffee (coffee break movement [fikarörelsen]), 17, 131, 134, 153, 154, 158, 171, 214
Blackeberg, 110–14, 116, 260n9
“Black Is the New Black” (conference), 186
“Black List, The” (Karim and Tryck), 170, 185, 186
Black lives, 30, 31, 190, 230, 242; dignity of, 267n7; intimacy of, 27; memories of, 32; public poetics of, 18; seeing/not seeing, 1–5; Swedish society and, 39
Black Lives Matter, 30, 92, 235, 236, 239, 240–41, 242, 267n7
Blackness, 6, 19, 34, 38, 42, 56, 60, 138, 154, 156, 186, 202, 231, 232, 240; expressing, 24; reformulating, 136; seeing, 9; sense of, 153, 164
“Blackness and Nothingness” (Moten), 199
Black people (svarta), 57, 61, 134, 153, 213; myopic view of, 186; opportunities for, 185; white people and, 146
Black Power (Carmichael), 49
Black Power Mixtape, The (documentary), 48
Black Skin, White Masks (Fanon), 45
black skull (svartskalle), 60, 137, 144, 145, 160, 262nn6–7
Black Swedes, 8, 237; creative labor of, 167; history of, viii
Black Vogue, 17, 131, 153, 154
Bland, Sandra, 236
Bly, Robert, 82
“Botten Is Nådd, The” (Timbuktu), 207–8
Bradley, Will, 70
Brahms, Johannes, 74
Braidotti, Rosi, 145
Brown, Michael, 236
Brunes, Søren, 93
Burkina Faso, 188, 205, 217, 218, 220
Busch, Ebba, 267n6
Bushell-Mingo, Josette, 61, 212, 214, 216, 265n4; on Black presence, 215; Raisin in the Sun and, 213
Butler, Judith, 47
“Bästa Beatrice Ask” (Dearest Beatrice Ask; Khemiri), 148
Café Panafrika, 169, 170, 185, 246, 263n9
Camara, Lansana, 203, 204–5, 207
Campt, Tina, 9, 20, 21, 22, 23
Cannes Film Festival, 188
caricatures, 12, 38, 85, 87, 91, 229
Carmichael, Stokely. See Ture, Kwame
Carroll, Lewis, 183
Casey, Edward, 31, 44, 91, 111
Castile, Philando, 236
Center against Racism (Centrum Mot Rasism), 194, 196
Center Party (Centerpartiet), 195
Centre for Multidisciplinary Studies on Racism, 253n12
Césaire, Aimé: on colonialism, 126
Charles, Noël, 51
Chatterjee, Partha, 174
Cherry, Don, 50
Cherry, Moki, 50
China Theater (China Teatern), 60, 255n14
Christian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna), 195, 267n6
Christina, Queen, 182
CinemAfrica Film Festival, vii, viii, 241
civic practices, 166, 191, 202
civilizing mission, 32, 75, 80
civil rights, 38, 45, 58, 125, 194, 212; struggle for, 33, 40, 169
civil rights movement, 22, 48, 56, 194, 195, 254n5
civil society, 7, 12, 34, 43, 98, 100, 169, 174, 181, 191; Afro-Swedish, 131, 168, 192, 229; Swedish, 166, 193, 209
Claesson, Daniel, 239–40
class, 102, 150, 237; race and, 104; structure of, 240
Cleaver, Eldridge, 56
Clemons, “King” George, 50
Coalition of African Associations, 170
colonialism, 17, 32, 44, 71, 73, 77, 89, 90, 93, 99, 180; European, 22, 85, 170, 255n3; legacy of, 87, 97; logics of, 126; seeing, 94–97
colonial rule, 21, 67, 76, 80, 95
color-blindness, 10, 21, 164, 194–95, 202, 213, 214, 232, 233, 240, 243
community: African, 25, 26, 40, 41, 166, 167; Afro-diasporic, 18, 26, 44, 131, 136, 188, 202; Afro-Swedish, 3, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 67, 101, 121, 128, 133, 147, 160, 169, 186, 188, 196, 214, 232, 240–41, 243–44; antiracist, 123; Black, 25, 26, 40, 41, 57, 153, 166, 214, 229, 244; class-based, 168; diasporic, 24, 33, 34, 40, 58–59, 133, 157, 180, 215; Ethiopian, 140; Gambian, 131; grassroots, 191; multicultural, 123; notion of, 179; politics of, 173; race-based, 56, 244; separatist, 134
Congo, 67, 79, 92, 93, 96, 97, 148; archival encounter with, 72–74; colder, 82, 84; partial history/theory of, 74–77; Scandinavian encounters with, 94; traces of, 87–90
Congo Crisis, 93
Congo Free State, 88
Congolese people, 73, 88, 90, 91
Congo Village, 69–72
Conrad, Joseph: portrait of, 73, 74–75, 76, 77, 80, 84, 87, 255n4
consciousness, 192; articulated, 132, 155–59; Black, 58; diasporic, 138, 202; double, 19, 40, 53, 112, 156, 157; false, 4; multilingual, 139; racial, 6, 24
Conté, Sorel, 203
“country of birth” (födelseland), 8, 252n3
Covid-19 pandemic, 237, 238, 240, 267nn5–7
crimes, 13, 240; horror, 170; violent, 13, 251n2. See also hate crimes
critical race studies, 106
cultural appropriation, 200, 206
Cultural History of Ethiopia, The (Assefa), 54, 56
cultural life (kulturliv), 16, 34, 140, 201
culture (kultur), 3, 4, 11, 16, 18, 67, 134, 140, 142, 222; African, 32, 86, 89, 133, 174, 206, 207; Africana, 192; Afro-diasporic, 233; Afro-Swedish, 23, 202; Black, 31, 32, 106, 139, 165, 242; common, 56, 135; diversity of, 176; domestic, 178; expressive, 17, 34, 141, 201; film, 218; honor, 194; hybrid, 81; location of, 25, 153, 217, 229, 232; minority, 15; nongovernmental instrumentalization of, 177; pan-African, 22; politics of, 165, 173, 178, 180; popular, 17, 255n3, 260n8, 262n7; private, 201; race and, 137; Somali, 240; Swedish, 19, 40, 55, 134, 145, 155, 194; terrain of, 14; visual, 50, 230, 266n15; welfare and, 16; writing, 30. See also public culture
culture brokers, 167, 179, 185–86, 214
“Culture for Democracy” (Selam), 177
Culture House (Kulturhuset), 85, 86, 225, 227, 228
culture money (kulturpengar), 175, 176
dance: African, 199–200, 203–7, 229; Afro-diasporic, 199–200; class, 205; ethnology, 27; European, 206
Danielsson, Danuta, 261n18
Davis, Angela, 57
Dayal, Karl, 111
de Certeau, Michel, 123
decolonization, 22, 38, 45, 58, 73, 75, 76, 77, 207
de Geer, Louis, 120
Democratic Republic of the Congo, 95, 99, 179
Department of Culture (Kulturdepartmentet), 254n10
Det osynliga folket (The Invisible People; documentary), vii, viii, ix, 41, 45, 47, 48, 49, 254n5
Det var vackert ibland (It Was Sometimes Beautiful), 256n7
development aid, 92, 99, 176, 178
Diabaté, Djelymory “Dallas,” 52
Diakité, Jason (aka Timbuktu), 6–7, 18, 45, 74, 98, 99, 148, 150, 155, 157, 161, 163, 164, 165, 190, 192, 193, 209, 212; afrofobi and, 211; aid/development work and, 100; on awakening, 210; in-between and, 147; music of, 207–8; at Riksdag, 162, 191
Diakité, Madubuko Arthur Robinson, vii, 41, 43–44, 45–46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 98, 165, 208, 254n5
dialogic approach, 24, 26, 29, 112, 173
diaspora, 38, 42, 66, 97, 100, 132, 159, 163–69, 197, 213, 214, 216, 230, 242; African, ix, x, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 19, 21, 28, 30, 73, 99, 109, 126, 127, 128, 160, 167, 173, 181, 188, 202, 205, 206, 241; Afro-Swedish, 19, 20, 105, 128, 171; Black, 4, 19, 20, 21, 30, 41, 73, 128, 164, 173, 211; connections in, 51–53; cultural politics of, 174–79; décalage of, 31; diversity and, 133; generative practices of, 22; kinship within, 20; language of, 137–39; locating/in words, 152–53; practice of, 173; race and, 179–83; remembering, 41, 49–52, 67; renaissance, 22–23, 33, 205, 207, 209–10, 231; social formations and, 24; variation on, 207–12; verbal art of, 138
diasporans, 48, 52, 135, 154; African, 64, 147, 153, 159, 166, 167, 199, 217
diasporic homemaking, 21, 41, 214
Diawara, Manthia, ix
difference, 137, 139, 159; cultural, 11, 14, 15, 16, 38, 142, 201, 206, 222, 237; ethnic, 133, 160; national, 133; presence of, 37; racial, 14, 40, 157, 160, 223; social, 11, 24, 142, 222
dignity, 47, 204, 214, 220, 229, 240, 267n7; human, 94, 97
Diop, Alioune, 3
Diop, Cheikh Anta, 134
discourse, 6, 9, 72, 165; anti-black, 240, 262n3; color-blind, 194–95; cultural, 164; political, 164; public, 202; Swedish, 136, 229
Discourse on Colonialism (Césaire), 126
discrimination, 6; anti-black, 13; gender, 23; socioeconomic, 194
Discrimination Act (2009), 252n10
diversity (mångfald), 15, 97, 137, 141, 155, 157, 175; cultural, 14, 134, 140, 213; diaspora and, 133; phenotypic, 7, 243; politics of, 187; social, 14, 192, 213
Djembe Nytt (Djembe News), 206
Douglas, Mary, 116
Dranger, Joanna Rubin, 253n3
“Du Bloder” (You’re Bleeding; Mensah), 114
Du Bois, W. E. B., 48, 53, 115, 137, 156, 158; diasporic solidarity and, 232; double consciousness and, 112
Ebony, Jr., 59
Edwards, Brent Hayes, 31, 58, 139, 230, 231
Emanuelsson, Johanna, 92
Emitslöf, Emma, 177
En dag på Mårtenstorget i Lund (A Day in Mårten’s Square in Lund), 254n5
En droppe midnatt (A Drop of Midnight; Diakité), 18, 150, 208, 209, 211, 212
En druva i solen (A Raisin in the Sun), 18, 212–13, 214
Engman, Gary, 45
“En man från Benin” (A Man from Benin; Tranströmer), 83
“En Simmande Mörk Gestalt” (A Swimming Dark Figure; Tranströmer), 83
Enskede Bageriet, 102
equality (jämlikhet), 9, 149, 176, 185, 192; gender, 195, 197; racial, 191; sociopolitical, 15
Equality Ombudsman (Diskriminerings Ombudsmannen), 196
Eriksson, Jesper, 182
Escanilla, Jeannette, 123
estrangement, 62, 63, 107, 152; cultural, 169; social, 169
Ethiopia, 5, 139, 142, 174, 177, 178
ethnic associations (etniska föreningar), 135, 142, 171
ethnicity (etnictet), 11, 102, 140
Ethnographic Museum (Etnografiska Museet), viii, 87, 258n19
ethnography, 26, 27, 29, 30, 88, 90, 104, 202
Eurenius, Johan Egerbladh, 174
European Institute for Gender Equality, Gärding and, 183
European Network against Racism, 196
Ewell, Philip A., 267n8
exclusion, 6, 21, 23, 104, 137, 159, 181, 237; cultural, 142; social (utanförskapet), 170, 209; structural, 57
Expressen, 251n1
extremism, far-right, 124, 161
Familjen Babajou (The Babajou Family), 183, 184, 188
Fanny och Alexander, 78
Fanon, Frantz, 45
Feld, Steven, 29
Feminist Initiative (Fi; Feministisk Initiativ), 197
5i12 movement, 162
Fleming, Crystal Marie, 21, 262n2
Floyd, George, 266n2, 267n4, 267n7; death of, 235, 266n3; justice for, 235–36
Folk Opera, 182
foreign-born (utlandsfödda), 15, 140, 142, 237
foreigners (främlingar/utlänningar), 47, 52, 164, 210, 232
For Personal Reasons (documentary), 254n5
Frans, Joe, 193
Frogner Manor (Frogner Park), 70
“From Afro-Sweden with Defiance” (Osei-Kofi, Licona, and Chávez), 125
Frykman, Joan, 259n3
Förenade Förorter (United Suburbs), 115
Gambia, 62, 65, 66, 132, 144, 196, 199, 218, 222
Garner, Eric, 236
Gbeyo, Gerard, 149
Gilroy, Paul, 161, 173, 192, 232
Giroux, Henry, 240
Goitom, Henok, 260n12
Golden City Dixies, 38, 54, 253n1
governmentality, 178; functions of, 174–75
Green Party (Miljöpartiet), 195
Gräns (Border), 260n5
Gröna Lund, 50
Guardian, The, 71
Guerpillon, Maria, 189
Gunner, Ulla-Marie, 96
Gustav III, 182
Gärding, Cecilia, 167–68, 183, 187, 191, 264n24; ASR and, 181; culture/politics and, 180; roots of, 179; work of, 181–82
Habel, Ylva, 24, 25, 149, 164, 256n7
Haggerfors, Lennart, 96
Hall, Stuart, 17, 37, 112, 154, 199, 216, 263n10; on Afro-diasporic art, 231; on diaspora, 20
Hamelberg, Nathan, 260n8
Hammarskjöld, Dag, 76, 258n22; African renaissance and, 38, 253n2; Congo and, 82, 90, 92; Conrad and, 73, 74, 75, 77, 80
“Hard Time” (Sey), 225
Harris, Jerry, 43
Hassan, Ahmed, 238
hate crimes, 121, 122, 195; racial, 12, 13, 197
Heart of Darkness (Conrad), 75
Hellberg, Anders, 258n22
Hellsten, Olaf, 257n14
Hendrix, Jimi, 50
Hergé (Georges Rémi), 73, 85, 86, 87, 90, 170, 257nn15–16
heritage, 5, 54, 175, 207; African, 6, 55; cultural, 140, 145, 156, 202, 208, 209; dual, 66, 125; racial, 180; social, 145
hip-hop, 116, 142–45, 147, 160, 182, 207, 208; Mande Afropop and, 218
“Historical Reflections on an Afro-Swedish Contemporary” (symposium), 42
history, 3, 47, 72; African, 41, 233; African-American, 41; Afro-Swedish, 41, 67, 94, 100, 211; Black, 50; cultural, 28; Nordic-Congolese, 89; oral, 27, 28, 29, 32, 40–42, 217; popular, 127; postcolonial, 72; pretend (låtsashistoria), 149, 239; racial, 182; social, 5, 28, 30, 106; walking, 27–28
Holiday, Billie, 212
home, remembering, 61–67
home language instruction (hemspråksundervisning), 16
Hoppers, Maureen, 42, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 101–2, 103–4
“Hottentotvisa” (Hottentot Song), 39, 60, 253n4
Hugo, Victor, 79
Husby, 114, 115, 117, 145, 176, 260n12; walking tour of, 116, 118
identification, 157, 173; diasporic, 138, 151, 152, 241, 252n4, 262n2; modes of, 6, 9, 33–34, 53, 94, 135, 159–60, 230; race and, 4, 9, 152
identity, 3, 18, 27, 56, 105, 109, 138–39, 151, 197, 209, 210, 211, 214; African, 6, 172, 192; Afro-diasporic, 25, 132; Afro-Swedish, 4, 14, 17, 19, 72, 164, 171; Black, 5–6, 19–20, 154; cultural, 7; diasporic, 19, 132, 168, 173, 176, 262n2; Ethiopian, 142; ethnic, 40, 145; formations, 8; gender, 9, 216; generational, 216; intersectional, 9; minority, 16; national, 14, 40, 144, 145, 181; non-native, 16; politics of, 137; racial, 7, 40, 145, 168, 243; social, 7, 157; socioeconomic, 102, 216; subaltern, 168; Swedish, 6, 55, 154, 155; tour of, 209; transnational, 40; Ugandan, 133
I fetischmannens spår (On the Trail of the Witch Doctor), 78–79, 80, 256n7
Immanelskyrkan (Immanuel Church), 74, 94, 96, 97, 100
immigrants (invandrare), 6, 15, 47, 52, 108, 143, 180, 210, 232; African, 157; second-generation (andragenerationen), 40, 109, 144, 145, 155, 254n10; term, 254–55n10
immigration (invandring), 91, 101, 108; policies, 140; pragmatics of, 200; violent crime and, 251n2
imperialism, 21, 67, 206, 241; charitable, 99; Cold War, 50; colonial, 77; legacy of, 91
in-betweenness (mellanförskap), 40, 48, 137, 138, 145–48, 152, 155, 160
in-between space (mellanrummet), 146
infrastructure, 175, 176; public, 103; strengthening, 177
Ingold, Tim, 107
injustice, 44, 49, 240; social, 62, 100, 228
Institute for Race Biology (Rasbiologiska Instituet), 10, 252n11, 253n12
intersectionality (intersektionalitet), 24, 151, 153, 172, 187
Invisible Man (Ellison), 37, 45
invisible people, 45–49
Jacco, 116
Jackson, Clifford, 43
Jackson, Jesse, 194
Jackson, John L., Jr., 26, 106
Jackson, Michael, 29
Jackson, Samuel L., 91
Jaji, Tsitsi Ella, 59
Jallow, Momodou Malcolm, 196, 197
Jaqe, 223
Jobe, Mariama, 158
Johnson, Lyndon B., 49
Jones, Quincy, 50
Jones, Quincy, III, 111
Jones, Ray, 50
Jordan, Jack, 50
Jubilee Exhibition (Jubileumutsillengen), 69, 70
justice, 62; racial, 111; social, 64, 164, 193, 212
Justice Department (Justiedepartementet), 179, 180
Järvi, Mattias Beruk, 123
Jönsson, Mats, 89
Kanyama, Adam, 62
Karim, Baker, 167–68, 170, 184, 185–86, 188, 189, 191, 264n19; stereotypes and, 183; Tryck and, 185; work of, 187
Katerina Hiss, 120
Keita, Sunjata, 217
Khemiri, Jonas Hassen, 148, 149, 150
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 135
kinship, 20, 74, 85; race-based, 56
Kjellberg, Margareta, 39, 253n4
Klanger och spår (Noises and Tracks; Tranströmer), 182
“Kongospår” (Traces of the Congo; exhibit), 87, 89, 258n19
Kouyaté, Balla Faséké, 217
Kouyaté, Dani, 18, 42, 61, 62, 188, 189, 190, 216, 242; as griot, 218; multiple roots of, 217; ouvertures and, 30, 219; renaissance and, 221; self/place and, 220; tunga and, 220
Kouyaté, Mamadou, 218
Kuhnke, Alice Bah, 195–97
Kungsträdgården, 124
Kägelbanan music club, 97
LA Femme International Film Festival, 183
Landet under ekvatorn (The Land under the Equator), 78, 80
landscapes, 78, 101, 113; African, 84–85, 94; cultural, 4, 243; recreational, 259n3; social, 4
Larsmo, Ola, 260n6
Lee, Jo, 107
Lee, Spike, 183
Lefebvre, Henri, 105, 116, 117
Legend of Tarzan, The, 73, 90, 91, 92
Lejonhjärta, Elizabeth, 224, 265n14
Lejonhjärta, Victoria, 265n14
Lenneman, David, 213
Leopold II, King, 75, 86, 88, 91
Leopold III, 79
Liberal Party (Liberalarna), 193, 195, 239
Lidehäll, Magnus, 221
Light Keeps Me Company, The, 81
Lincoln, Elmo, 258n21
Linde, Makode, 170, 229, 266n20; blackface and, 227, 228; exhibition of, 225–26, 266n18
Lindgren, Astrid, 225
Lindqvist, John Ajvide, 113
Lipsey, Roger, 75
Local, The (news site), 236
Locke, Alain, 266n21
Lumumba, Patrice, 136
Lund, vii, viii, 41, 43, 46, 47, 51, 208, 254n5
Lundgren, Anders, 257n14
Lundin, Erik (Ibrahima Banda), viii, 142, 143, 144, 145
Låt den rätte komma in (Let the Right One In; Lindqvist), 113
Löfgren, Orvar, 259n3
Löfven, Stefan, 2, 13, 14, 211
Mack, Jennifer, 261n14
“Malcolm” (Jaqe and Price), 223
Malmö, 41, 43, 49, 50, 52, 53, 195, 196, 207, 216; poster campaign in, 12
Mande Afropop, hip-hop and, 218
Mandela, Winnie, 256n7
Martin, Trayvon, 236
Matiwos, Simon, 114, 117, 118, 127, 145; otherness and, 262n7; postcolonial syndrome and, 146; spoken word poetry and, 115
Matthis, Moa, 253n3
Mbembe, Achille, 104
McEachrane, Michael, 21, 23, 25, 192, 252nn9–10; on racial structures, 164
McIntosh, Laurie, 9–10, 24, 25
Medan vi lever (While We Live), 18, 42, 61, 62, 168, 188, 189, 190, 216, 218, 219, 264n21
Meeting with “Darkest Africa,” A (James), 75
Menchu, Rigoberta, 256n7
Mensah, Stevie Nii-Adu, 110, 111, 112–13, 116, 127, 146–47; creativity of, 113–14; memory of, 112; narrative of, 147–48
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 101, 107, 112, 126; on cultural objects, 111
metal pipe scandal (järnrörskandalen), 161, 263n1
Midsummer Night’s Dream, A, 214
migration, 4, 260n6; displacement of, 65; transnational, 133
Migrationsverket (Swedish Migration Agency), 255n10
miljonprogrammet (Million Program), 116, 261n14
Miller, Monica, 265n4
Miller, Myla, 208
“Miniyamba,” 220
Minneapolis Police Department, 235, 266n2
Minnena ser mig (The Memories See Me; Tranströmer), 84
missionaries, 75, 79, 84, 88, 89, 258–59n23; Swedish, 22, 28, 32, 80, 81, 94, 95, 96, 97, 256n8
“Misstänkt” (Suspect; Timbuktu), 99, 147, 148, 163, 209
Mitchell, Ernest Julius, 266n21
Mitt på mörka dan (In the Midst of the Dark Day), 186
Moberg, Vilhelm, 108
Moderate Party (Moderata Samlingspartiet), 121, 162, 195
Moderate Youth League (Moderaternas Ungdomsförbund), 122
modernism, 79, 96; African, 84; Euro-American, 33; hi-tech, 243; welfare, 110
Mogelson, Luke, 266n3
Mos Def, 222
Moten, Fred, 199
Mother’s Body, A (Twum), ix
Mugabe, Robert, 256n7
Mulinari, Diana, 262n6
multicultural (mångkulturellt), 14, 109, 140
multiculturalism, 14, 15, 21, 109, 121, 133, 155, 178; domestic, 243; fragmenting effect of, 140; politics of, 16, 18; state-sponsored, 169
multiculture (mångkultur), 112, 134, 137, 152, 155; biopolitics of, 16–17; interrogating, 139–42; public culture and, 14–19
Munfocol, Muauke B., 71
Musa, Rashid: on international solidarity, 241
Museum of Modern Art (Stockholm), vii
music, 98, 133, 187, 207–8; African, 51, 199, 201, 206; Black Atlantic, 33; in/as culture, 200; rock, 113; Western art, 182
[N----]kungens Återkomst, 225, 227, 228
National Association of Afro-Swedes, viii
National Black Theatre of Sweden, purpose of, 215–16
National Coalition for African Associations (Riksförbundet för Afrikanska Föreningar), 169
National Federation of Afro-Swedes, 226
nationalism, 122, 164, 190, 243
National Museum of Natural Science (Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum), 88
National Theater Company (Riksteatern), 213
Natten försvinner (The Night Disappears), 78, 80
Ndaliko, Chérie Rivers, 98–99
Ndow Norrby, Fanna, 150, 171, 172
Neely, Brooke, 105
Never Ending Story, 260n8
New York Times, 149, 213, 266n2
NGOs. See nongovernmental organizations
Nina (Bushell-Mingo), 265n4
Nkrumah Speaks (Nkrumah), 58
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 99, 175, 176
nongovernmentality, 99, 100, 175, 177, 178
non-racialized (icke rasifierade), 227–28
non-white (icke-vit), 137, 138, 148, 150, 151, 152, 208–9, 211, 232; tolerance for, 91–92
non-whiteness, racialized identity politics and, 148–52
Nordenskiöld, Erland, 88, 257n17
Norderling, Johan, 119
Nordic Reich Party, 261n18
Nordiska Motståndsrörelsen (Nordic Resistance Movement), 124
Norwegian National Day, 70
Norwegians, African-descended, 10
Nyampeta, Christian, 256n7
Nykvist, Carl-Gustaf, 81, 84, 87, 96
Nykvist, Sven, 73, 78, 81, 94, 96, 256nn7–8, 258n23
Olof Palme Place, 123
Olsson, Göran Hugo, 48
Oslo Jubilee Exhibition, 255n2
Oslo National Academy of Arts, 69
outsiderness (utanförskap), 137, 138, 142, 143, 152; poetic interrogation of, 145
ouvertures (openings), 30, 219
Oxfam, 179
Painful Cake (Linde), 226
Palme, Johan, 266n18
Palme, Olof, 10, 47–48, 50; on racial theories, 37; racism and, 252n11
Pan-African Association Society in Sweden, 59
Panetoz, 182
Peroti, Raymond (aka Blues), 7, 160, 182
personhood, 24, 38, 72, 165, 190
Petit Vingtième, Le, 86
Phenomenology of Perception (Merleau-Ponty), 101
Piano, Martin, 123
Pingstmissionens Utvecklingssamarbete (PMU; Swedish Pentecostal Mission), 94, 97, 98, 99
pluralism, 18, 21, 192; cultural, 14; progressive, 163; social, 162, 201
PMU. See Pingstmissionens Utvecklingssamarbete
“Poetry Is Not a Luxury” (Lorde), 131
Polite, Allen, 165–66
Polite, Oivvio, 165
political correctness, 91, 227, 239
political society, 7, 100, 166, 168, 191; Afro-Swedish, 192–97
politics, 17, 28, 33, 40, 100, 163–69, 171; African American, 154; Afro-Swedish, 23, 159, 165, 166, 168, 171, 173; anticolonial, 172; antiracist, 168–69, 193; cultural, 142, 167, 174–79, 180; diasporic, 166, 167, 173, 179, 181, 182, 183, 190, 191, 192; domestic, 15, 164; feminist, 187; identity, 14, 85, 135, 151; non-white, 187; pan-African, 22; populist, 210; precarity of, 188–91; public, 202; queer, 187; racial, 148–52, 154, 163, 164–65, 166, 167, 168, 173, 181, 182, 183, 185, 190, 191, 192, 197; racist, 210; Swedish, 164, 180
Pred, Alan: Afrophobia and, 13
prejudice, 11, 13, 44, 71, 97, 219; gender, 23; racial, 32, 191
Pretend (Sey), 224
Price, Marcus, 223
protests, 136, 235, 236, 267n3
Public Art Norway, 70
public culture, 25, 26, 41, 43, 135, 175, 191, 201, 237; Afro-Swedish, 5, 15, 16–17, 18–19, 29–34, 132, 201, 202, 231; multiculture and, 14–19; non-white, 192; production of, 178; representative, 176; study of, 28
public space, 191, 200, 210, 216
public sphere, 19, 46, 101, 131, 168
Quaison, Robin, 117–18
Quartey, Fransesca, 41–42, 53, 54–55, 57, 58–59, 60, 61, 160
race, 9–14, 18, 23, 42, 46, 53, 102, 109, 150, 151, 154, 163–69, 237; binary (il)logics of, 9; class and, 104; culture and, 137; denial of, 4; diaspora and, 179–83; foul theory of, 14, 37, 48; identification and, 4, 9, 152; reality of, 164, 240; rejection of, 10; space and, 104–6; structure of, 240; talking about, 150; term, 252n10; truths about, 180
racial city, navigating, 101–4
racialization (rasifiering), 9–14, 21, 149, 150, 154, 172, 202
racialized (rasifierad), 137, 151, 152, 156, 197, 210–11
racial superiority, 71, 219, 251n2
racism, 8, 9–14, 16, 33, 97, 103, 109, 122, 124, 149, 150, 154, 163, 164, 165, 182, 184, 204, 206, 209, 210, 211, 214, 227, 228, 238, 242; Afrophobia, 119; anti-black, 11–12, 14, 19, 98, 100, 105, 159, 170, 186, 187, 194, 196; benevolent, 54, 207; color-blind, 240; common stories of, 181; endemic, 201; engagement with, 34; European, 85; everyday (vardagsrasism), 30, 41, 123, 223, 229, 262n7; extrinsic, 143; forms/expressions of, 11; history of, 72; impact of, 42; intrinsic, 56; journey against, 162; legacy of, 87; open, 55, 58; politically correct, 11; provincial, 223; public/private, 44; social, 194, 223; structural, 46, 192, 238, 239–40; struggle against, 124, 161, 192; talking about, 184; term, 56; truths about, 180; violent, 194
Raisin in the Sun, A (Hansberry), 18, 213
Reinius, Lotten Gustafsson, 88, 89
religion, 11, 80, 140, 150, 153
Rembe, Rolf, 258n22
remembering, 5, 22, 109, 123, 127, 173, 241; concept of, 30–31, 44; diasporic, 77; historical, 20; postcolonial, 91
remembrance: diasporic, 241; narrative, 31; walking in, 121–26
Rémi, Georges. See Hergé
renaissance, 5, 20, 128, 132, 173, 211, 214, 231; African, 33, 38, 39; Afro-diasporic, 202, 205, 209; Afro-Swedish, 18, 23, 33, 202, 207, 211, 212, 215, 221, 225, 228, 229–33; Black, 33, 230, 266n21; cultural, 138, 202, 205; political, 191–92; social, 138; term, 22, 202
resistance, 137, 150, 187, 216; Black, 191; cultural, 33; social, 33; standing in, 121–26
Rice, Tamir, 236
Riksdag, 62, 161, 190, 191, 192
Rom, Leon, 91
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 79
Royal College of Music, 182
Royal Swedish Army, 75
Rummet (The Space/Room), 151, 152, 153, 154
Runesson, Hans, 261n18
Rådberg, Johan, 259n2
Sabuni, Kitimbwa, 8, 42, 159, 170, 171, 194, 196, 263n9; on Million Program, 116
Sabuni, Mkyabela, 169, 170, 171, 173, 194, 264n9
Sabuni, Nyamko, 193–96
Samura, Michelle, 105
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 126
Sawyer, Lena, 24–25, 204, 262n3
SCB. See Statistics Sweden
Schweitzer, Albert, 80
Schyman, Gudrun, 197
SD. See Sweden Democrats
Sebhatu, Araia Ghirmai, 42, 131, 133, 134, 135, 136, 155, 158, 171, 172, 262n4
segregation, 116, 169, 221; affect of, 103; urban, 104
Selam, iii, 167, 175–77, 186, 191; ASR and, 264n11; cultural labor and, 176; domestic project of, 174; international work of, 174; politics of diaspora and, 179; sustainable development/local advocacy and, 176; Teshome Wondimu and, 178
Sembène Ousmane, 219
Senegal, 69, 148, 199, 203, 205
separatism, 131, 133, 169, 185; ethnic/cultural, 253n15
Sey, Maudo, 221
Sey, Seinabo, 18, 222, 223, 224, 225, 265nn9–10, 266n15; summer chat and, 221
SFi. See Swedish Film Institute
Shekoni, Ayondele, 111
Sherifay, Mariam Osman, 193–94
SIDA. See Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
signifiers, 7, 10, 15, 72, 104, 139, 156, 219; Black/African, 155; inclusive, 160; verbal, 132; visual, 200
Simone, Nina, 212, 224, 265n4, 266n15
Simonsson, Maria, 257n13
Siri, Julien, 189
Skarsgård, Alexander, 90, 92, 258n21
skinheads (skinnskallar), 103, 113, 124, 261n18
Skridsko, Johans, 110
“Skyfall över inlandet” (Downpour in the Backcountry; Tranströmer), 82
slavery, 17, 44, 71, 120, 208, 241; legacy of, 21; logics of, 126
slave trade, 21, 196; legacy of, 119; mock, 194; Swedish, 180, 182; transatlantic, 20, 28, 118–26, 232, 240
Smith, George Ivan, 75
Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterna), 162, 193, 195
social formations, 22, 24, 166
social life, 17, 40, 44; Afro-Swedish, 26; poetics of, 17
social media, 1, 124, 149, 151, 188, 189, 190, 205, 206, 207, 210, 227, 235, 236
social movements, 20, 33, 48, 59, 133, 153, 209, 239
social spaces, 19, 23, 56, 116, 261n14, 262n7
social welfare, 16, 113, 177, 210, 243
solidarity, 37, 159, 193; antiracist, 121; Black, 241; coalitional, 211; cultural, 137, 177; diasporic, 105, 177, 232; international, 241; pan-African, 44, 169; political, 92; racial, 5–6, 56, 153, 194; second-generation, 66; Swedish, 145; Third World, 10; working-class, 193
Something Torn and New (wa Thiong’o), 31
sommarprat (radio program), 265n9
Soul on Ice (Cleaver), 56
Sousou and Maher Cissoko, 201
Soyinka, Wole, 256n7
space: claiming, 153; cultural, 23; race and, 104–6
spoken word poetry (estradpoesi), 115
Sseruwagi, Richard, 63, 168, 188–90, 191
Statistics Sweden (Statistiska Centralbyrån; SCB), 5, 28, 43, 251n3, 252n9, 254n6
Steingo, Gavin, 102
Stenberg, Erik, 261n14
stereotypes, 3, 16, 39, 55, 60, 87, 183, 226, 227, 229; addressing, 183; African, 38; anti-black, 253n3, 254n4; Black, 38; ethnic, 142; racial, 142, 226
stigma, 40, 85, 209; social, 52, 108, 211; socioeconomic, 116
Stockholm, 12, 49, 50, 60, 61, 74, 84, 85, 87, 90, 94, 97, 100, 102, 105, 114, 115, 119, 120; African dance in, 204; Africans in, 121; nuclear subs near, 113; suburban workforce of, 110; suburbs of, 143, 144
Stop Afrophobia, 235
“Strange Fruit” (Holiday), 212
“Strof och Motstrof” (Strophe and Antistrophe; Tranströmer), 83
subjectivity, 137; Afro-diasporic, 33; Afro-Swedish, 17, 19, 66; Black, 132; nomadic, 145; nonnormative, 262n7; political, 171; stranger, 166
Suedi, 137, 143, 144, 145, 155, 160
“Super Magic” (Mos Def), 222
Susso, Suntou, 65
“Svarta Duvor och Vissna Liljor” (Black Doves and Wilted Lilies), 161, 162
“Svart i Stockholm och New York” (Black in Stockholm and New York), 165
Svart Kvinna (Black Woman), 153, 154, 171
svenne, 144–45
Sweden Democrats (SD; Sverigedemokraterna), 11, 16, 124, 161, 195, 210, 243, 263n7; anti-immigrant sentiment of, 164; political culture of, 162; protest by, 228
Swedish Agency for Cultural Policy, 264n14
Swedish Economic History Museum, 119
Swedish Ecumenical Church, 96
Swedish Film Institute (SFi), 78, 185, 186, 189; Fusion group and, 187
Swedish Immigrant Agency (Invandrarverket), 255n10
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), 98, 174, 177
Swedish Missionary Society (Svenska Missionsförbundet), 78, 81, 88
Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (Brottsförebyggande Rådet), 13, 28, 197, 253n12
Swedishness (svenskhet), 6, 109, 136, 138, 154, 156, 157, 160, 203
Swedish Royal Theater, 60
Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography (SSAG), 258n17
Swedish Society for Folk Music and Dance (Riksföreningen för Folkmusik och Dans), 174
Sweden’s Public Health Agency (Folkhälsomyndigheten), 237
Swedish Television (SVT), 264n21
“Systemets Vanterum” (The System’s Waiting Room; Matiwos), text of, 115
Sändaren, 96
Södergren, John, 95
Södergren, Sigfrid, 74, 94, 96, 258n23, 259n24
Södra Teatern, 213
Tarkovsky, Andrei, 256n7
Tarzan, 90, 91, 92, 258nn20–21
Taylor, Breonna, 236
Teitelbaum, Benjamin, 253n15
There Ain’t No Black in the Union Jack (Gilroy), 161
Tillsammans för Uppsala (Together for Uppsala), 121
Timbuktu. See Diakité, Jason
Tintingate, 85–87
Tintin in the Congo (Hergé), 73, 90, 170, 257n16; criticism of, 86, 87; racist/colonialist contents of, 86, 257n15
TioTretton, 85
To Be Colored by Sweden (Kawesa), 196–97
“To Congo with Love” (event), 97–100
tolerance, 12, 48, 91, 193; social, 185; struggle for, 127
Touray, Soryba, 52
Tranströmer, Tomas, 73, 257nn10–11; work of, 81, 82–84, 85
Tribunalen theater, 90
Trump, Donald, 2, 236, 243, 251n2
Ture, Kwame (Stokely Carmichael), 49
Twum, Jonelle, ix
Tylor, E. B., 262n5
Tältprojektet (The Tent Project), 59
Unga Klara, 60
United Nations, 38, 74, 76, 90
United Nations Operation in the Congo, 92
“Upprätt” (Upright; Tranströmer), 83
Uppsala, 10, 45, 105, 120, 121, 122, 123, 261n17, 267n7; march in, 124
Uppsala Botanical Gardens, 208
“Ur en Afrikansk Dagbok” (From an African Diary; Tranströmer), 83
U.S. Embassy (Stockholm), 235, 241, 242
Utvandrarna (The Emigrants; Moberg), 108
Venus of Willendorf, 226
“Vi finns inte!” (We don’t exist!), 188, 190
“Vi gilar olika” (We like difference) campaign, 263n7
Vi är som apelsiner (We Are Like Oranges), 182, 183, 264n24
Vice, 227
villa areas (villaomåden), 102
“Vinterns Formler” (Winter’s Formulas; Tranströmer), 83
violence, 44, 62, 118, 123, 127, 266n3; anti-brown/black, 193, 236; Islamophobic, 117; police, 238; racial, 104
Visit to Afro-Sweden (Afropop Worldwide), 201
Viskningar och rop, 78
Vogue, 224
Voltaire, 79
von Linné, Carl (Linnaeus), 120
“Vår Betong” (Our Concrete; Jacco), 116
Vänsterpartiet (Left Party), 196
Västerbottensteatern, 54
Vördnad för livet (Veneration for Life), 78, 80
Wahlberg, Björn, 86
Wainaina, Binyavanga, 71
walking tour, 105, 106, 107, 109, 111, 116, 118, 119
wa Thiong’o, Ngūgī, 31, 33, 44–45, 241
Wekker, Gloria, 21
Weldeab, Rahel, 238
Westerberg, Per, 162
White Like Me (Polite), 165
whiteness, 9, 34, 57, 172, 243; problematic of (vihetsproblematiken), 149
“Whiteness Swedish Style” (Habel), 149
white normativity (vithetsnormen), 149, 151
white supremacy, 32, 72, 135, 162, 182, 193, 214, 236, 251n2; Black resistance and, 191
Williams, Eva, 111
Williams, George Washington, 91
Williams, Raymond, 44
Windrow, Stelan, 258n21
Wirsén, Stina, 226–27
Wondimu, Teshome, 139–42, 175, 177, 178
Wright, Michelle, 19
xenophobia (främlingsfientlighet), 11, 33, 47, 92, 103, 122, 161, 163, 164, 165, 190, 194, 243; far-right, 210; journey against, 162
Yates, David, 91
“Younger” (Sey), 221
Youth against Racism (Ungdom mot Rasism), 193