1. Ellen Gruber Garvey, “Anonymity, Authorship, and Recirculation: A Civil War Episode,” Book History 9, no. 1 (2006): 159–78, https://doi.org/10.1353/bh.2006.0005.

2. Meredith L. McGill, American Literature and the Culture of Reprinting, 1834–1853 (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007), pg. 1.

3. Alison Booth, “Mid-Range Reading: Not a Manifesto,” PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 132, no. 3 (2017).

4. We might note this as an effect of our chosen corpus. Many scholars would not claim Powell as American, but Lyle Wright did, at least for one work Chit-chat of Humor, Wit and Anecdote published after Powell immigrated.

5. Bret Harte, Condensed Novels (New York: G. W. CARLETON & CO, 1867), http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/TEIgeneral/view?docId=wright/VAC6642.xml&brand=wright&freeformQuery=Condensed%20Novels&startDoc=1, pg. 6.

6. Osgood Bradbury, Ellen Grant, or, Fashionable Life in New-York (New York: Dick & Fitzgerald, 1850), http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/TEIgeneral/view?docId=wright/VAC5862.xml&brand=wright&field1=text&freeformQuery=ellen%20grant&startDoc=1, pg. 126–127.

7. Samuel Putnam Avery, Mrs. Partington’s Carpet-Bag of Fun (New York: Garrett & Co., 1854), http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/TEIgeneral/view?docId=wright/VAC5683.xml&brand=wright&freeformQuery=partington&startDoc=1, pg. 7.

8. Bettina Friedl, On to Victory: Propaganda Plays of the Woman Suffrage Movement (UPNE, 1990), pg. 31.

9. Helen Davies and Sarah Ilott, Comedy and the Politics of Representation: Mocking the Weak (Springer, 2018), pg. 2.

10. Melissa J. Homestead, ““Every Body Sees the Theft”: Fanny Fern and Literary Proprietorship in Antebellum America,” The New England Quarterly 74, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 210–37, https://doi.org/10.2307/3185477, pg. 211–212.

11. Homestead, pg. 214.

12. Homestead, pg. 212.

13. Homestead, pg. 213.

14. Homestead, pg. 217.

15. Edgar Allan Poe, “Graham’s Magazine,” in The Broadway Journal, ed. Laura Penalver, The Antebellum Magazine Edition Project (University of Arizona, 2015), https://antebellummags.arizona.edu/broadway-journal/mar-1-1845-vol-1-9/grahams-magazine.

16. Gérard Genette and Marie Maclean, “Introduction to the Paratext,” New Literary History 22, no. 2 (1991): 261–72, https://doi.org/10.2307/469037, pg. 261.

17. Leslee Thorne-Murphy, “Re-Authorship: Authoring, Editing, and Coauthoring the Transatlantic Publications of Charlotte M. Yonge’s Aunt Charlotte’s Stories of Bible History,” Book History 13, no. 1 (2010): 80–103, https://doi.org/10.1353/bh.2010.0015, pg. 84.

18. Garvey, “Anonymity, Authorship, and Recirculation,” pg. 159.

19. For all its popularity, based on contemporary accounts, we only identify one section of Ten Nights in a Bar-Room that was reprinted in newspapers and only sixteen reprints of that passage.

20. T.S. Arthur, Light on Shadowed Paths (New York: CARLETON, 1864), http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/TEIgeneral/view?docId=wright/VAC5626.xml&chunk.id=d1e6232&brand=wright&doc.view=0&anchor.id=#VAC5626-00000167, pg. 335–337.

21. Harriet Beecher Stowe, The Minister’s Wooing (New York: Derby and Jackson, 1859), http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/TEIgeneral/view?docId=wright/VAC7950.xml&brand=wright&freeformQuery=the%20minister%27s%20wooing&startDoc=1, pg. 182.

22. Dorothy Z. Baker, “Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Conversation with the Atlantic Monthly: The Construction of the Minister’s Wooing,” Studies in American Fiction 28, no. 1 (2000): 27–38, https://doi.org/10.1353/saf.2000.0008, pg. 27.

23. Stowe, The Minister’s Wooing, pg. 182–183.

24. Stowe, pg. 108.

25. Amy Easton-Flake, “Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Multifaceted Response to the Nineteenth-Century Woman Question,” The New England Quarterly 86, no. 1 (2013): 29–59, pg. 39.

26. Easton-Flake, pg. 29.

27. Christopher Looby, “Southworth and Seriality,” Nineteenth-Century Literature 59, no. 2 (2004): 179–211, https://doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2004.59.2.179, pg. 184.

28. Baker, “Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Conversation with the Atlantic Monthly,” pg. 30.

29. McGill, American Literature and the Culture of Reprinting, 1834–1853, pg. 226.

30. Ryan Cordell, ““Taken Possession of”: The Reprinting and Reauthorship of Hawthorne’s “Celestial Railroad” in the Antebellum Religious Press” 7, no. 1 (2013), http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/7/1/000144/000144.html, pg. 20.

31. Carl Ostrowski, “Slavery, Labor Reform, and Intertextuality in Antebellum Print Culture: The Slave Narrative and the City-Mysteries Novel,” African American Review 40, no. 3 (2006): 493–506, pg. 501.

32. Paul Erickson, “New Books, New Men: City-Mysteries Fiction, Authorship, and the Literary Market,” Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 1, no. 1 (2003): 273–312, https://doi.org/10.1353/eam.2007.0053, pg. 283.

33. Ostrowski, “Slavery, Labor Reform, and Intertextuality in Antebellum Print Culture,”, pg. 493.

34. Corey Capers, “Black Voices, White Print:: Racial Practice, Print Publicity, and Order in the Early American Republic,” in Early African American Print Culture, ed. Lara Langer Cohen and Jordan Alexander Stein (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012), 107–26, pg. 107.

35. Lara Langer Cohen, “Notes from the State of Saint Domingue: The Practice of Citation in Clotel,” in Early African American Print Culture, ed. Lara Langer Cohen and Jordan Alexander Stein (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012), 161–77, pg. 3.

36. Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, ed. L. Maria Child, 1861, http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/TEIgeneral/view?docId=wright/VAC6876.xml&brand=wright&freeformQuery=Incidents%20in%20the%20life%20of%20a%20slave%20girl&startDoc=1 pg. 56.

37. Lara Langer Cohen, The Fabrication of American Literature: Fraudulence and Antebellum Print Culture (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011), pg. 105.

38. Cohen, pg. 103.

39. Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, pg. 194.

40. Benjamin Fagan, “Harriet Jacobs and the Lessons of Rogue Reading,” Legacy: A Journal of American Women Writers 33, no. 1 (July 29, 2016): 19–21, http://muse.jhu.edu/article/627100, pg. 20.

41. Samantha M. Sommers, “Harriet Jacobs and the Recirculation of Print Culture,” MELUS: Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States 40, no. 3 (September 2015): 134–49, https://doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlv026, pg. 137.

42. Eric Gardner, ““This Attempt of Their Sister”: Harriet Wilson’s Our Nig from Printer to Readers,” The New England Quarterly 66, no. 2 (1993): 226–46, https://doi.org/10.2307/365845, pg. 242.

43. Cohen, “Notes from the State of Saint Domingue.”

44. Trish Loughran, The Republic in Print: Print Culture in the Age of U.S. Nation Building, 1770–1870 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), pg. 384.

45. Loughran, pg. 397–398.

46. Saidiya V. Hartman, Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America (Oxford University Press, 1997), pg. 3.

47. Mary Henderson Eastman, “Aunt Phillis’s Cabin, or, Southern Life As It Is” (Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Co.), pg. 102, accessed November 12, 2020, http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/TEIgeneral/view?docId=wright/VAC6360.xml.

48. Eric Gardner, Unexpected Places: Relocating Nineteenth-Century African American Literature (Univ. Press of Mississippi, 2010), pg. 10.

49. Robert Darnton, “What Is the History of Books?” Daedalus 111, no. 3 (July 1, 1982): 65–83, pg. 68.

50. Ellen Gruber Garvey, “’Facts and FACTS’: Abolitionists’ Database Innovations,” in “Raw Data” Is an Oxymoron, ed. Lisa Gitelman (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2013).