Index
Page numbers in italic refer to figures.
Action Plan to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 185
activism, 16, 35, 42–43, 56, 65, 161, 195, 199. See also food justice activism
advocacy groups, 36, 110, 151, 205n38
AFL-CIO. See American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations
agribusiness, 27, 84, 158, 170, 183, 185, 186; antitrust investigations of, 182; trade-distorting policies/practices of, 184
agriculture: capital-/resource-intensive, 88; community supported, 81, 87; industrial, 34, 45; organic, 26, 35, 45, 85, 179–80; slavery and, 51; sustainable, 170. See also urban agriculture
Agustiano, Bohemia, 133
Ahern, Sheriff, 153
Alameda County Coalition for Criminal Justice Reform, 78
Alameda County Jail, 153
Alexander, Michelle, 66
Allen, Will, 221n26
A Local Organic Farmland Trust (ALOFT), 86
Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North America, 40
American Civil Liberties Union, 168, 215n32
American Federation of Labor (AFL), 38
American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), 40, 125, 206n87, 216n53, 217–18n21
antagonisms, 141, 144; social, 1, 156, 189
antihunger assistance programs, 9, 26
anti-unionism, 81, 129, 131, 132
Assembly Bill 109 (California), 68, 208n48
Back Country Land Trust, 86
back-to-the-land movements, 32, 35
Backyard Food Project, 57
Bay Area Rapid Transit, 54
Bayer Crop Science, 189
Bell, Maurice, 63
Be Wise Ranch, 120
“Beyond the Moment,” launching of, 175
black community, 29, 41, 51, 160, 173; carceral logic and, 65; dietary health problems in, 184–85; incarceration and, 55; police brutality and, 42
Black Friday, strike on, 3, 106
Black Lives Matter, 24, 43, 51, 60, 78–79, 166, 167, 173, 210n91; founding of, 112; support for, 70
Black Panther Party (BPP), 9, 44, 54; community programs, 41, 206n94; self-determination and, 185; Ten-Point Program of, 42, 45, 75
Black Permaculture Network, 70, 209n78
black power movement, 18, 40–44, 45, 46; FBI and, 44; food justice and, 32
Blackwell, Angela Glover, 31
Bloom, Joshua, 41
Blueprint for a National Food Strategy, 177
Board of State and Community Corrections (BSCC), 68, 153
Bodega Latina Corp., 128
Boggs, Grace Lee, 15, 65, 158, 167, 169, 189–90; dialectical humanism and, 13, 144
Boggs, James, 15, 167; dialectical humanism and, 13, 144
Border Patrol, 2, 117, 118, 120, 122
borders: enforcement of, 25, 121; food politics and, 113; militarization of, 8, 117–19, 122–23, 136
Bowens, Tyan, 77–78
boycotts, 10, 40, 82, 128, 131, 136–37
BPP. See Black Panther Party
Bracero Program, 34
Brotherhood Crusade, 218n27
Burawoy, Michael, 14
Butchers Local 274, 95
Cadieux, Kirsten Valentine, 5
California Agricultural Labor Relations Act, 39
California Bodega Latina Corp., 129
California Certified Organic Farmers (CCOF), 35
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, 62, 308n48
California Department of Industrial Relations, 91
California FreshWorks Fund, 108
Californians for a Responsible Budget, 153
Canal Alliance, Planting Justice and, 74
Cannery, Agricultural, and Industrial Workers Union (CAIWU), 38, 39
capital, 12; accumulation, 95; configuration of, 182; cultural, 155, 182; divestment, 11
capitalism, 31, 68, 79, 101, 118, 142, 200; alternative to, 14; communism and, 12; expansion of, 30; food waste of, 110; global, 16; hegemony of, 42, 212n41; industrial, 8; interstitial spaces of, 93; neoliberal, 1, 4–5, 6, 47, 99, 141; people of color and, 12; racial, 94–98; rejection of, 45; women and, 12
Carmichael, Stokely, 40
Carson, Rachel, 34
Center for Good Food Purchasing, 109
Center for Whole Communities, 10
Change to Win Federation (CTW), 146, 217n21
citizenship, 112, 118, 122, 156, 171, 210n83, 214n14; boundaries, 20; differences in, 113, 123; pathways to, 135, 181
Citizens’ Police Review Board, 53
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 167
civil rights, 23, 31, 41, 54, 66, 167, 174
Civil Rights Act (1964), 212n44
Clark, Mark, murder of, 44
class, 6, 11, 30, 37, 84, 168, 179, 181, 189, 219n60; disparities, 18, 101, 157, 184; neoliberalism and, 94; political, 16
climate justice, 20, 167, 173, 175, 187–88
Climate Justice Alliance, 168
Coalition of Humane Immigrant Rights, 132, 218n27
Coalition of Immokalee Workers, 172
collective power, 145, 150–53, 162, 166, 173, 196
colonialism, 2, 4, 16, 31, 112, 179, 214n9
Colored Farmers’ National Alliance and Co-Operative Union, 33
communities of color, 10, 103, 183, 184; criminalization of, 58; displacement of, 180; struggles of, 7; working-class, 96, 99
community benefits agreement (CBA), 108
community development, 41–42, 182–83
Community Food Projects, 170, 220n14
Community Food Security Coalition, 170
Compost the Empire mural, 69, 75
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 38
conjunctures, 15, 19, 129–30, 144, 156, 160, 168, 197; carceral, 151, 163; ecological, 31; economic, 150; food system, 31, 150, 197; history/terrain of, 6–11; immigration, 111, 140, 151, 163; labor, 84, 89, 151, 163; political/social, 150
Consejo de Federaciones Mexicanas en Norteamerica, 218n27
consolidation, 36, 104; corporate, 111, 148, 179, 213n67; land ownership, 33, 34
contestation, 13, 141, 170, 195, 200, 203n35
Contra Costa County Housing Authority, 64
Contreras, Miguel, 125
cooperatives, 27, 33; agricultural, 157; food, 42, 81, 168, 187, 210n11
Cornucopia Institute, 36
Counterintelligence Program (COINTELPRO), 44
crime, 49, 60, 61, 114; violent versus property, 53, 207n15
criminalization, 60, 61, 64, 67, 76, 125, 152, 167
criminal justice, 24, 64, 76, 166; blacks/Latinx and, 53; institutional racism and, 55; reincarceration and, 67; reform, 24, 54, 153
cultural foodways, 9, 17, 26, 127, 179, 186, 219n63
Day of Dinners, 168
Dean Foods, 36
Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (2012), 24
democracy, 25, 33, 76, 142, 187; dissensus and, 142–43; food justice and, 144, 158, 161, 163–64; plural, 143, 163; radical, 20, 143, 144
demographics, 113, 123–37, 157, 161, 186, 198
deportations, 120, 121, 139, 140, 160, 167, 181; immigrant organization and, 130–37
De Schutter, Olivier, 171, 172, 176
DeSilva, Joseph, 94
dialectical evaluation, 44–47
dialectical humanism, 11–16, 143, 144
dialectics, 12, 13–14, 18, 153, 195
Diggers, 8
discrimination, 29, 33, 37, 64, 66, 79, 132, 143, 179, 184, 216n63; charges claiming, 134; employment, 212n44; housing, 53; institutionalized, 55, 83; workplace, 81
diversity, 15, 145, 153–58, 163, 166, 196; ethnoracial, 158; food politics and, 155; motivations for, 154–55; race and, 156
Domhoff, William, 150
domination, 29–30, 51, 94, 143, 201n3
Douglass, Frederick, 152
Dream Defenders, 168
Durst, Ralph, 38
Durst Brothers Hops Ranch, 38
Earthbound Farm, 36
ecological problems, 4, 11, 19, 30–31, 73, 112
economic conditions, 11, 12, 13, 41, 70, 146
Economic Development Administration, 183
economic insecurity, 95; food insecurity and, 105
economic issues, 41, 57–58, 64, 124, 127, 134, 156
economic justice, 7, 13, 17, 20, 27, 35, 39, 51, 52, 85, 108, 126, 135, 145, 175; fight for, 82–83; food justice and, 19, 102; importance of, 102; mobilization around, 174; racial justice and, 9, 127; struggles for, 75
economy, 55, 80, 85, 100, 114, 119; agricultural, 87; capitalist, 18; consumer, 30; food, 84, 109, 110; immigration and, 126; industrializing, 30; low-wage, 103
edible landscapes, 50, 57, 58, 74, 180
education, 33, 42, 43, 45, 66, 74–75, 89, 119; attacks on, 175
Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, The (Marx), 195
Eighth Amendment, 62
elites, 8, 34, 46, 150; economic, 24, 84; political, 19, 24, 29, 39, 44, 189
El Super, 105, 156; campaign against, 128–29, 136–37; march at, 129, 136
Engels, Frederick, 195
environment, 70, 94, 98, 103, 108, 166, 167, 173; degradation of, 25, 175; human/nonhuman, 34; structural inequalities and, 4
environmental justice, 13, 16, 20, 25, 27, 43, 51, 102, 167, 170, 177, 209n78, 222n43; addressing, 188, 219n60; marginalized and, 30
Environmental Protection Agency, 175, 188
equality, 4, 142, 163; racial, 126, 153
equity, 27, 31, 110, 172, 178, 184; economic, 98; food and, 8, 163, 195–96; racial, 46; social, 4, 6, 157, 179, 187
Equity Summit, 31
ethnicity, 11, 30, 37, 43, 127, 179, 181, 201n3
ethnoracial differences, 11, 18, 122, 123, 153, 157, 184
ethnoracial relations, 20, 53, 94, 119, 127
E-Verify, 130
exchange, 33, 94; alternative modes of, 92–93
Executive Order 12898, Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations, 188
exploitation, 8, 25, 32, 51, 102, 130, 181; economic, 84; labor, 1, 18, 19, 23, 31, 63, 81, 144, 165
Fair Labor Standards Act, 181
Farm Bill, 170, 171, 172, 174, 176, 178
farming, 7, 113, 116, 157, 180; alternative, 86; foreign born in, 111; industrialization of, 115; jobs in, 29; organic, 2; small-scale, 35; sustainable, 26; tenant, 32; urban, 59, 72, 78
farm schools, 89, 90, 115, 211n36
farmworkers, 3, 10, 18, 83, 98, 120, 169; advocating for, 117; economic precariousness of, 115; food labor movements and, 37–40; immigrant, 20, 28, 81, 112, 113, 115–17, 121, 181–82; Japanese, 37–38; Mexican, 122; mistreatment of, 28–29, 181; pesticides and, 45; protecting, 35; rights of, 75; undocumented, 111, 119, 123
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 44
Federal Collaboration on Health Disparities Research, 185
Fight for $15 movement, 82, 99, 167, 173, 213n78
food: cheap, 29, 99, 159; communal empowerment and, 74; ethnic, 11; importing, 222–23n66; justice and, 9; land and, 19; local, 26, 46, 86, 90, 101; organic, 26, 46, 101; political uses of, 4; social boundaries and, 168; sustainable, 86
food access, 19, 20, 23, 105, 109, 157, 177; hunger and, 9; labor issues and, 98
food activism, 19–20, 84, 94, 113, 196; local, 122; organic farming and, 2
Food and Justice (magazine), 10
food-chain workers, 26, 32, 37, 82, 85, 98, 109, 111, 172, 212–13n65; capital from, 100; demographics of, 123–37; exploitation of, 18, 19; food insecurity for, 105; food politics and, 83; food stamps for, 104; health insurance and, 104–5; labor struggles of, 19, 97; living wages/health care and, 23; rights of, 123–37
Food Chain Workers Alliance, 127, 149, 172, 176, 218n28, 221n34
Food Day, 31
food deserts, 99, 106, 107, 185
Food Desert to Food Oasis, 104
Food Employers Council, 147
food initiatives, 83, 85; alternative, 94, 98, 172, 220n79
food insecurity, 11, 18, 101, 102–9, 155
food justice: achieving, 13, 111, 179; advocating for, 27–28, 37, 59, 66, 150, 152, 166, 179, 182, 190; development of, 4, 10, 11, 28, 52, 82, 126, 135, 142, 151, 178, 179; expanding, 4, 10, 84, 98, 166; future of, 6–11; ideological advantages of, 142, 174; national strategy for, 21, 46, 179, 180, 181, 183, 185, 186, 188, 189; openness of, 20, 110, 165; practicing, 1, 15, 68–78, 142, 153, 155, 189, 195, 199; reimagining, 98–102, 113; restorative, 19, 52, 63, 65, 67, 68–78, 79, 152; roots of, 9, 20, 67, 165; strategic considerations for, 145–61; struggles for, 5, 7, 14, 18, 142, 163, 198; vision of, 10, 126, 175–90
Food Justice (Joshi), 83
Food Justice (newsletter), 10
Food Justice: A People’s Movement Whose Time Is Now (Center for Whole Communities), 10
food justice activism, 4, 6, 11, 14, 16, 17–18, 20, 50, 51, 72, 79, 83, 98, 108, 172, 173, 187; autonomous strands of, 42–43; class-consciousness and, 84; food system and, 163; structural inequalities and, 5
food justice movement, 1, 10, 58, 83, 150, 154, 189; food politics and, 138; hopes for, 5; perimeters of, 166; social/ecological values of, 19; stories of, 8
Food Justice Programs, 10
food movement, 16, 18, 37–40, 46, 51, 85, 89, 101, 102, 105, 137, 140, 161, 173, 174, 178, 199; advocating by, 151; building, 20, 31–32, 167, 176, 185–86; class biases of, 98; coordination of, 170; criticism of, 103; equity concerns in, 196; food justice wing of, 6, 17; food politics and, 27, 112, 172, 198; labor movement and, 107, 109; mainstream ethos of, 141; market conditions/economic logics and, 168–69; nimble strength of, 156; political engagement of, 165; whiteness/privilege in, 19, 98, 101, 154
Food Not Bombs, 110
Food + Justice = Democracy conference (2012), 178
food policy, 26, 177, 178, 182, 189; municipal, 171; national, 21, 172, 173–74, 175, 176
food politics, 1, 13, 20, 51, 85, 100, 103, 118, 153, 163, 196; advancing, 113, 143, 155; alternative, 32; analysis of, 19, 113; confrontational, 19; counterhegemonic forms of, 15; crises/development of, 169–74; diversity and, 155; ecologically focused, 57; engaging in, 7, 158; equity-focused, 31; evolution of, 8, 31–44; food justice and, 5–6, 26, 27, 28, 37, 42, 47, 138, 144, 150, 154, 156, 167; food movement and, 27, 112, 172, 198; forms of, 16, 27; grassroots, 174; imagination of, 3–4; labor politics and, 97; practicing, 144, 176, 200; prefigurative, 82, 92; radical, 11, 190; roots of, 4, 9; solidaristic, 159; urban, 2, 126
food processing, 29, 36, 97, 105, 123, 131, 134
food production, 37, 50, 98, 180; strategies for, 79
food riots, early, 8
Food Safety Modernization Act, 167
food security, 3, 17, 26, 122, 144, 201n6, 220n14; food justice and, 9, 202n29
food sovereignty, 16, 26, 51, 183
food stamps, 9, 29, 61, 104, 176
food system, 12, 18, 19, 47, 81, 110, 111, 123, 141, 178; changing, 5, 17, 26–27, 112, 154, 170, 176, 183; conventional, 82, 83, 210n11; domination of nature and, 29–30; environmentally unsustainable, 188; exploitable/deportable labor and, 113; food justice and, 163; future of, 164; industrialization of, 30, 160, 188; local, 94, 99, 108, 183; race and, 4–5, 96, 154; reforming, 15, 174; regulation of, 176, 177; resisting, 163–64; socially just, 86
food work, 105; living-wage, 186; revaluing, 19, 83, 84, 110
formerly incarcerated people, 1, 2, 17, 19, 50, 52, 55, 56, 60, 61, 63, 65, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 138, 142, 151, 152, 153, 158, 161, 163, 180, 197, 198; discrimination against, 64, 79
Franco, Marisa, 137
Free Breakfast for Children Program, 9, 41, 44
Freedom Farms Cooperative, 156
Freedom to Farm Act, 170
Freire, Paulo, 158–59, 160, 199
Fremont High School, mural at, 75, 75
Frente Auténtico del Trabajo, 129
Friendship Park, 114
Friends of the Earth, 221n34
Gandhi, Mohandas, 8–9
Ganz, Marshall, 37
gardening, 7, 59, 66, 72, 74, 186; community, 50; organic, 35
Garzo Montalvo, Marcelo Felipe, 154
Gathering, The, 174, 221n26, 222n48
Gelderloos, Peter, 156
gender, 5, 11, 30, 168, 179, 189, 201n3, 219n60
General Mills, 36
gentrification, 55, 169, 180, 185
Gibson-Graham, J. K., 89, 212n41, 223n78
Gigante, 128
Gilmore, Ruth, 51
Good Faith Farm, 85–86
Good Food for All Agenda, 108
Good Food Purchasing Policy (GFPP), 109
Good Food Purchasing Program, 213n86
Gramsci, Antonio, 7–8, 44, 143, 144, 167
Grant, John, 101
grassroots groups, 27, 134, 150–51, 153, 173, 174, 175, 183
Great Recession, 11, 24, 82, 92, 99, 103, 104, 134, 148, 167
Greenwald, Robert, 102
grocery stores, 20, 98, 102; community-run, 78; Latinx, 127, 128; union, 104, 105, 108, 127
Growing Food and Justice for All Initiative, 51, 174, 221n26
Grupo Comercial Chedraui, 128–29
Guckenheimer, 109
guest farmworker programs, 112, 115, 130
Hamer, Fannie Lou, 156
Hampton, Fred, 44
HEAL (Health, Environment, Agriculture, and Labor) Food Alliance, 168, 172, 174, 175, 176
health, 29, 83, 93, 167, 171, 173, 179, 186; disparities in, 101; nutrition and, 26; prisoner, 62; problems, 103, 184–85; public, 34, 98, 103, 174, 213n82
health care, 23, 62, 95, 119, 128, 166, 181; access to, 42, 55; lack of, 104–5
healthy food, 29, 32, 77, 110, 168; access to, 19, 20, 23, 105
Healthy Food Financing Initiative, 187
Heffernan, William, 123
Hegel, Friedrich, 13
hegemony, 13, 42, 143, 203n35, 212n41; theorization of, 144
Hermandad Mexicana Latinoamericana, 134
Hislop, Rasheed, Salaam, 201n6, 220n1
HM Capital Partners, 36
Hoffy, 98
Hoover, J. Edgar, 44
horticultural therapy, 59–60
human rights, 15, 73, 83, 124, 183
Icaza, Ricardo F., 125, 212n45
identity, 126, 157, 172, 201n3; black, 41; collective, 47, 156, 182, 214n14; ethnoracial, 127
Illegal Immigration Control Act, 125
immigrant organization, deportation and, 130–37
immigrant rights, 123–37, 144, 175; networks, 158–59
immigrants: attacks on, 175; deportation of, 134, 167; documented/undocumented, 81, 119; ethnic succession of, 111; human rights of, 124; issues for, 159; labor power and, 124; monitoring, 117–19; multiracial organizing and, 126–30; organic farming and, 113–23; racist criminalization of, 10; scapegoating of, 64, 171; unions and, 135, 136; working class and, 124
immigration, 1, 18, 24, 113, 118, 138–39, 144, 163, 166; awareness about, 139; dehumanizing, 114; economy and, 126; farmworkers and, 116; food justice and, 123; racist, 156; reform, 134, 137; regimes, 135, 165, 169, 179, 211n23
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), 137, 140
Immigration Reform and Control Act, 216n53
incarceration, 55, 61–63, 65, 139, 152–53, 161, 180; grievances about, 62, 64; stigma of, 56, 71; trauma of, 49
inclusivity, 52, 56–59, 71, 108, 154, 155, 156, 157
indigenous peoples, 16, 23, 173, 180; cultural foodways and, 9; exploitation of, 32; restorative justice and, 67
industrial complex, 170, 177; non-profit, 58, 186; prison, 51, 196
industrialization, 97; agricultural, 91–92
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 37, 38, 39, 45, 82
inequalities, 13, 55, 71, 166; class, 5; environmental, 189; food system, 28–31; mass incarceration and, 18–19; neoliberalism and, 37; racial, 5, 18–19, 23; structural, 4, 6, 15, 18, 23, 24, 27, 28, 37, 45, 46, 47, 56, 155, 164, 170, 172, 173, 179
inequities, 16, 17, 28, 112, 141–42, 143, 155, 156, 173; class, 165, 169, 198; economic, 60, 140, 163; eliminating, 163, 187; ethnoracial, 52, 60, 165, 169; food system, 1, 37, 79, 179; racial, 33, 60, 140, 163, 198; social, 17, 126, 136, 161, 189, 190; social boundaries and, 123; social reproduction and, 101
I-9, 130
insecticides, 188–89
Insight Garden Program, 49, 59, 66, 76, 151
institutional racism, 1, 4, 6, 16, 18, 31, 40, 42, 46, 51–52, 54, 63, 68, 79, 80, 112, 118, 141, 142, 153, 155, 169, 189; criminal justice system and, 55; political origins of, 14
Internal Revenue Service, raid by, 133
International Brotherhood of Teamsters, 147
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 184
IWW. See Industrial Workers of the World
Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, 176–77
Justice Overcoming Boundaries of San Diego County, 215n32
Justice Reinvestment Coalition, 78
Just Transition Principles, 168
Kainos Capital, 36
Kelley, Robin D. G., 47
Kellogg, 36
Khanna, Navina, 172
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 40, 138, 175
Knoll Farm, 10
Korean Immigrant Worker Advocates (KIWA), 146
Kroger, 103
LAANE. See Los Angeles Alliance for a New Economy
labor, 18, 31, 45, 83, 84, 89, 167, 179, 181–82; apprentice, 81; cheap, 33, 114, 115; exploitable/deportable, 30, 113; food justice and, 99; forms of, 160; gendered, 143; immigrant, 28, 113, 131, 216n59; land and, 65; noncommodified forms of, 19, 223n78; prison, 43, 50, 54; racialized, 97, 101, 143; relations, 5, 19, 82, 87, 94; slave, 77; social/ ecological values of, 19; standards, 101, 181; struggles, 37, 82, 107; voluntary, 84–94, 198; wage, 87, 92, 110
labor associations: Japanese, 37; Mexican/Filipino, 38–39
labor laws, 92, 109, 113, 116, 181; organic farming and, 35
labor movement, 3, 95, 98, 106, 110, 137, 145, 175; dilemma for, 124; environmental degradation and, 103; food movement and, 107, 109; immigrant rights movement and, 125
labor organizers, 20, 39, 40, 96, 99, 101, 103; food politics and, 100; healthy food and, 105; Walmart and, 108
labor practices, 10, 87, 146, 221n28; fair, 83, 132; improving, 46, 130; unfair, 148, 176
Laclau, Ernesto, 25, 143, 144, 163, 202n17
LAFPC. See Los Angeles Food Policy Council
La Milpa Organica Farm, 91
land, 19, 33, 45, 85, 179–81; access to, 26; cheap, 32; labor and, 65; relationships to, 66
Lappé, Anna, 172
Latinx community, 17, 29, 51, 57, 75, 95, 96, 105, 119, 138, 157, 160; borderland, 159; dietary health problems in, 184–85; incarceration and, 55
Latinx immigrants, 119, 123, 130; deportation of, 160; undocumented, 113
leadership, 51, 155; diversity, 52, 56–59; path to, 96, 130
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), 109
Lefebvre, Henri, 12
“Letter from a Birmingham Jail” (King), 138
Lichtenstein, Nelson, 213n69
Lions, Mel, 157
living wages, 2, 19, 23, 81, 104, 105, 127, 167, 186
Logan, Barry, 91
Longshoremen, 38
Los Angeles Alliance for a New Economy (LAANE), 97, 99, 100, 106, 127, 129
Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, 155
Los Angeles Federation of Labor, 125, 128, 215n40
Los Angeles Food Policy Council (LAFPC), 31, 98–99, 109, 183; GFPP of, 109; Good Food for All Agenda of, 108; UFCW 770 and, 99, 101, 108; UFW and, 101
Los Angeles Unified School District, 109
low-income communities, 180, 183, 184, 187
Lucky Stores, 40
Majority, The, campaign by, 175
Making Change at Walmart, 102
Malcolm X, 41
Mandela, Nelson, 50
marginalization, 17, 30, 37, 62, 66, 120, 161, 163; dual, 105; economic, 26, 115; institutional, 164; social, 26, 111
market as movement, 37, 143, 145
Martin, Philip, 116
Martin, Waldo, 41
mass incarceration, 1, 19, 24, 50, 51, 61–63, 67, 69, 72, 144, 151, 161, 165, 185; of black people, 61; costs of, 52–56; ending, 77; inequalities and, 18; maintaining, 80; racialized system of, 60; racism and, 167; working-class black communities and, 2
Mateo-Escobar, Salvador, 138–39
Mayhew, Kelly, 119
McClymonds High School, mural at, 69, 75
Meat Cutters Local 421, 95
meatpacking, 95, 100, 105, 131, 132, 134, 145, 181; economic conditions in, 20; nonunionized, 17
Medina, Marta, 149
Meyer, David, 11
militarization, 112, 122–23, 136; border, 8, 117–19, 125
Mills, C. Wright, 14
minimum wage law, 46, 82, 176, 215n40
Minority Business Development Agency, 183
mobility privilege, racialized restrictions and, 119–23
mobilization, 125, 151, 153, 163; anti-capitalist, 166; food justice, 58, 150; locally based, 183
Mollison, Bill, 57
Mouffe, Chantal, 25, 143, 144, 163, 202n17
Movement for Black Lives, 168, 175
multiracial organizing, immigrants and, 126–30
Mussolini, Benito, 7–8
NAACP, 54
NAFTA. See North American Free Trade Agreement
narratives, 7, 8, 11, 24, 47, 64, 99, 112, 114, 115, 184, 199; dominant, 46; historical, 104; Latino, 119; neoliberal, 23
National Employment Law Project, 212n65
National Environmental Policy Act, 177
National Farmers Alliance and Industrial Union, 33
National Farm Labor Union (NFLU), 39
National Food Policy Twitter chat, 172
National Industrial Recovery Act (1933), 38
National Labor Relations Act, 181
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), 128, 129
National Sustainable Agriculture Assistance Program, 214n15
Neighborhood Markets, 106, 213n81
neoliberalism, 10, 23, 37, 88, 92, 93–94, 102, 143, 200; class privilege and, 94; ethnoracial privilege and, 94; food politics and, 47, 84; racial, 14, 23, 44, 164, 167, 168, 178
Nestlé, 36
NFI Industries, 146, 148–49; strike against, 148
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 129, 158, 219n65
Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Working Group, 31
Northgate González Markets, 105, 108
nutrition, 26, 30, 109; assistance programs, 9; standards, 170, 176
Oakland City Hall, 55
Oakland Police Department, 53, 54
Obama, Barack, 24, 137, 167, 171–72
Occupy Wall Street, 24, 78, 99
Ocean Beach People’s Food Co-op, 85
Office of Management and Budget, 187
Omaha Together, One Community (OTOC), 145, 146
oppression, 5, 7, 66, 154, 189, 201n3, 202n17; experiencing, 112; history of, 28; resisting, 65
organic farming, 19–20, 27, 84–94, 186, 211n23; border zones and, 121; economic difficulties with, 87; educational space and, 86; emergence of, 35; food activists and, 2; growth of, 82; immigrants and, 113–23; labor conjuncture in, 89; labor regulations and, 35; social boundaries and, 37
organic farming movement, 18, 32, 34–37, 45, 46, 82; history of, 36–37
organizational flexibility, 52, 56–59
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 129
organized labor, 103; racial capitalism and, 94–98
Organizing Department (UFCW 770), 3, 95, 136, 146, 147, 197
Oscar Grant Plaza, 55
OTOC. See Omaha Together, One Community
OUR Walmart, 82, 106, 149, 213n78, 218n28
Outreach and Assistance for Socially Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers, 182
participation, 11, 112, 125, 142; civic, 141, 187; equitable, 177; political, 33
Pathways to Resilience, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 77, 79, 209n78
patriarchy, 5, 12, 25, 154, 179
Peace Action, 56
Pellow, David, 71
people of color, 153–54, 155, 186, 187; attacks on, 175; capitalism and, 12; imprisonment of, 55, 163; labor advocacy and, 96; police brutality and, 42
Pepsi, 36
permaculture, 19, 26, 27, 52, 70, 72, 76, 82, 87, 151, 152; black, 71; decolonization approach to, 208n35; defined, 57; design, 57, 208n35; teaching, 59
pesticides, 10, 30, 39, 45, 75, 188, 217n12; dependency on, 205n38; exposure to, 81; reducing, 35
Planned Parenthood, 168
Planting Justice, 1–2, 49, 52, 54, 56, 63, 73, 140, 143, 154, 158, 165, 184, 196, 197, 198; advocacy of, 65; Assembly Bill 109 and, 68; blog of, 77; Canal Alliance and, 74; collective power and, 151; communal bonds and, 74–75; employment pool for, 57; environmental sustainability and, 188; food justice and, 67, 160; food politics and, 6–7; food production and, 180; gardens by, 66, 74; hiring by, 50; horticultural therapy and, 59–60; immigration and, 113; living wages and, 186; mass incarceration and, 161; mentorship program by, 139; mutual aid and, 138; organizational procedures and, 58; political arm of, 76; radical imagination and, 79; recidivism and, 153; restorative process and, 72; social change and, 6; social networks and, 152; sponsorship by, 69; staff of, 59, 60; strategy by, 77; sustainable base and, 66
Plate of the Union, 173–74, 175
police, 24, 63, 114; border zones and, 121; brutality, 42, 51; budget for, 56; distrust of, 53, 137; misconduct by, 54, 55
policy changes, 10, 107, 152, 188, 189, 199
PolicyLink, 31
political conditions, 11, 12, 13, 85, 144
political economy, 36, 143; agricultural, 211n23; capitalist, 29
politics, 14, 25, 34, 36, 76, 96, 98, 165, 173, 182; carceral, 3–4, 18–19, 51, 52; confrontational, 28, 142, 218n44; consumer, 27, 150; food justice, 43, 144, 170; identity, 126; immigration, 4; labor, 4, 97, 218n21; participation in, 125, 142; prefigurative, 11, 36; protest, 15; revolutionary, 13; survival, 9
Pollan, Michael, 171, 173, 176
poor: attacks on, 175; criminalization of, 171; imprisonment of, 55
Poor People’s Campaign, 9
populist movements, agrarian, 32–34, 46, 142
postpolitical, 14, 37, 141, 143, 144, 145, 173, 189, 192
poverty, 50, 63, 64, 84, 98–102, 106, 148, 183, 185; drug use and, 60; exacerbation of, 52; food politics and, 9; level, 155
power, 150; capitalist, 34; collective, 145, 150–53, 162, 166, 173, 196; community, 132; corporate, 11, 102–9, 153; economic, 33; labor, 93, 124; police, 52–56; political, 41, 104, 142; relations, 14, 16, 21, 28, 47, 54, 169, 182; state, 142; working-class, 96
prefiguration, 20, 25; postcapitalist, 84–94
Principles of Food Justice, 179, 222n48
prison, 66; boom, 51, 53; confinement in, 61–63; food system and, 52; reform, 19
prison abolition movement, 43, 50, 54
Prison Notebooks (Gramsci), 44
Project on Organizing, Development, Education, and Research, 129
Proposition 187 (1994), 119, 125
public engagement, 14, 74, 76, 177
Public Safety Realignment, 68, 69, 77
race, 6, 11, 30, 37, 43, 95, 124, 179, 181, 189, 219n60; diversity and, 156; food system and, 154
racialization, 60, 64, 74, 153, 160
racial justice, 7, 13, 17, 20, 27, 39, 50, 52, 54, 85, 135, 145, 175; economic justice and, 9, 127; mobilization around, 174; struggles for, 75
racism, 25, 33, 45, 124, 152, 200; color-blind, 23, 24; confronting, 39, 41, 96; experiencing, 24, 112; institutional, 1, 4, 6, 14, 16, 18, 31, 40, 42, 46, 51–52, 54, 55, 63, 68, 79, 80, 99, 112, 118, 141, 142, 153, 155, 164, 169, 189; mass incarceration and, 167; scientific, 184
Raders, Gavin, 56, 57, 59, 151
Ralphs, unionization of, 108
Rancière, Jacques, 142–44
RCIU. See Retail Clerks International Union
Real Food Media, 221n34
recidivism, 2, 68, 69, 70, 152, 153
reentry process, 2, 60, 65, 67, 68, 69, 72, 79, 152–53; money for, 78; rally for, 78
remuneration, 92, 101, 116, 128
Republican Revolution, 170
resistance, 7, 8, 15, 65, 69, 82, 163–64
resources: access to, 83; conservation of, 188; distribution of, 10, 214n2; exploitation of, 25; food justice, 182; managing, 34; mobilization of, 79
Restaurant Opportunities Centers United, 176
restorative justice, 19, 67, 71, 72
Retail Clerks International Union (RCIU), 39, 40, 94, 95
Revolution and Evolution in the Twentieth Century (Boggs and Boggs), 13
right to work laws, 181
Rising Food Insecurity in Los Angeles County (Los Angeles County Department of Public Health), 155
Robl, Terri, 184
Rodriguez, Fermin, 128
Rodriguez, Rodrigo, 173
Rolling River Nursery, 209n58
Russell, Bertrand, 150
safety, 26, 53, 171, 175; prisoner, 62; worker, 17, 181
Salt March, 8–9
Salvador, Ricardo, 171, 176, 217n76
San Diego City Council, 182–83
San Diego County, 87, 120; military bases in, 215n24; organic farms in, 86, 211n23
San Diego Immigrant Rights Consortium, 215n32
San Diego Roots Sustainable Food Project (San Diego Roots), 88, 116, 118, 136, 153, 182–83, 196, 197, 211n25, 211n29, 211n36; ALOFT and, 86; economic pressures for, 117; emergence