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Food Justice Now!: Index

Food Justice Now!

Index

Index

Page numbers in italic refer to figures.

Action Plan to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 185

activism, 16, 35, 42–43, 56, 65, 161, 195, 199. See also food justice activism

advocacy groups, 36, 110, 151, 205n38

AFL-CIO. See American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations

agribusiness, 27, 84, 158, 170, 183, 185, 186; antitrust investigations of, 182; trade-distorting policies/practices of, 184

agriculture: capital-/resource-intensive, 88; community supported, 81, 87; industrial, 34, 45; organic, 26, 35, 45, 85, 179–80; slavery and, 51; sustainable, 170. See also urban agriculture

agroecology, 26, 35, 88

Agustiano, Bohemia, 133

Agyeman, Julian, 4, 219n51

Ahern, Sheriff, 153

Alameda County Coalition for Criminal Justice Reform, 78

Alameda County Jail, 153

Alexander, Michelle, 66

Alkon, Alison, 4, 219n51

Allen, Patricia, 23, 176

Allen, Will, 221n26

A Local Organic Farmland Trust (ALOFT), 86

Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North America, 40

American Civil Liberties Union, 168, 215n32

American Federation of Labor (AFL), 38

American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), 40, 125, 206n87, 216n53, 217–18n21

antagonisms, 141, 144; social, 1, 156, 189

antihunger assistance programs, 9, 26

antiracism, 31, 138, 154–55

antitrust law, 177, 182

anti-unionism, 81, 129, 131, 132

Assembly Bill 109 (California), 68, 208n48

Back Country Land Trust, 86

back-to-the-land movements, 32, 35

Backyard Food Project, 57

Bay Area Rapid Transit, 54

Bayer Crop Science, 189

Bell, Maurice, 63

Be Wise Ranch, 120

“Beyond the Moment,” launching of, 175

Bittman, Mark, 171, 173, 176

black community, 29, 41, 51, 160, 173; carceral logic and, 65; dietary health problems in, 184–85; incarceration and, 55; police brutality and, 42

Black Friday, strike on, 3, 106

Black Lives Matter, 24, 43, 51, 60, 78–79, 166, 167, 173, 210n91; founding of, 112; support for, 70

Black Panther Party (BPP), 9, 44, 54; community programs, 41, 206n94; self-determination and, 185; Ten-Point Program of, 42, 45, 75

Black Permaculture Network, 70, 209n78

black power movement, 18, 40–44, 45, 46; FBI and, 44; food justice and, 32

Blackwell, Angela Glover, 31

Bloom, Joshua, 41

Blueprint for a National Food Strategy, 177

Board of State and Community Corrections (BSCC), 68, 153

Bodega Latina Corp., 128

Boggs, Grace Lee, 15, 65, 158, 167, 169, 189–90; dialectical humanism and, 13, 144

Boggs, James, 15, 167; dialectical humanism and, 13, 144

Bookchin, Murray, 30, 200

Border Patrol, 2, 117, 118, 120, 122

borders: enforcement of, 25, 121; food politics and, 113; militarization of, 8, 117–19, 122–23, 136

Bowens, Tyan, 77–78

boycotts, 10, 40, 82, 128, 131, 136–37

BPP. See Black Panther Party

Bracero Program, 34

Brotherhood Crusade, 218n27

Burawoy, Michael, 14

Butchers Local 274, 95

Cadieux, Kirsten Valentine, 5

California Agricultural Labor Relations Act, 39

California Bodega Latina Corp., 129

California Certified Organic Farmers (CCOF), 35

California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, 62, 308n48

California Department of Industrial Relations, 91

California FreshWorks Fund, 108

Californians for a Responsible Budget, 153

Canal Alliance, Planting Justice and, 74

Cannery, Agricultural, and Industrial Workers Union (CAIWU), 38, 39

capital, 12; accumulation, 95; configuration of, 182; cultural, 155, 182; divestment, 11

capitalism, 31, 68, 79, 101, 118, 142, 200; alternative to, 14; communism and, 12; expansion of, 30; food waste of, 110; global, 16; hegemony of, 42, 212n41; industrial, 8; interstitial spaces of, 93; neoliberal, 1, 4–5, 6, 47, 99, 141; people of color and, 12; racial, 94–98; rejection of, 45; women and, 12

Carmichael, Stokely, 40

Carson, Rachel, 34

Center for Good Food Purchasing, 109

Center for Whole Communities, 10

Change to Win Federation (CTW), 146, 217n21

Chavez, Cesar, 39, 96, 137–38

citizenship, 112, 118, 122, 156, 171, 210n83, 214n14; boundaries, 20; differences in, 113, 123; pathways to, 135, 181

Citizens’ Police Review Board, 53

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 167

Civil Eats (blog), 51, 172

civil rights, 23, 31, 41, 54, 66, 167, 174

Civil Rights Act (1964), 212n44

Clark, Mark, murder of, 44

class, 6, 11, 30, 37, 84, 168, 179, 181, 189, 219n60; disparities, 18, 101, 157, 184; neoliberalism and, 94; political, 16

climate justice, 20, 167, 173, 175, 187–88

Climate Justice Alliance, 168

Coalition of Humane Immigrant Rights, 132, 218n27

Coalition of Immokalee Workers, 172

Coca-Cola, 36, 56

collective bargaining, 17, 46

collective power, 145, 150–53, 162, 166, 173, 196

colonialism, 2, 4, 16, 31, 112, 179, 214n9

Colored Farmers’ National Alliance and Co-Operative Union, 33

Communists, 7, 38, 45, 82

communities of color, 10, 103, 183, 184; criminalization of, 58; displacement of, 180; struggles of, 7; working-class, 96, 99

community benefits agreement (CBA), 108

community development, 41–42, 182–83

Community Food Projects, 170, 220n14

Community Food Security Coalition, 170

Compost the Empire mural, 69, 75

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 38

conjunctures, 15, 19, 129–30, 144, 156, 160, 168, 197; carceral, 151, 163; ecological, 31; economic, 150; food system, 31, 150, 197; history/terrain of, 6–11; immigration, 111, 140, 151, 163; labor, 84, 89, 151, 163; political/social, 150

Consejo de Federaciones Mexicanas en Norteamerica, 218n27

consolidation, 36, 104; corporate, 111, 148, 179, 213n67; land ownership, 33, 34

consumerism, 101, 116, 143

contestation, 13, 141, 170, 195, 200, 203n35

Contra Costa County Housing Authority, 64

Contreras, Miguel, 125

cooperatives, 27, 33; agricultural, 157; food, 42, 81, 168, 187, 210n11

Cornucopia Institute, 36

Counterintelligence Program (COINTELPRO), 44

crime, 49, 60, 61, 114; violent versus property, 53, 207n15

criminalization, 60, 61, 64, 67, 76, 125, 152, 167

criminal justice, 24, 64, 76, 166; blacks/Latinx and, 53; institutional racism and, 55; reincarceration and, 67; reform, 24, 54, 153

cultural foodways, 9, 17, 26, 127, 179, 186, 219n63

Day of Dinners, 168

Deane, Nicole, 68, 161

Dean Foods, 36

Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (2012), 24

democracy, 25, 33, 76, 142, 187; dissensus and, 142–43; food justice and, 144, 158, 161, 163–64; plural, 143, 163; radical, 20, 143, 144

demographics, 113, 123–37, 157, 161, 186, 198

deportations, 120, 121, 139, 140, 160, 167, 181; immigrant organization and, 130–37

De Schutter, Olivier, 171, 172, 176

DeSilva, Joseph, 94

dialectical evaluation, 44–47

dialectical humanism, 11–16, 143, 144

dialectics, 12, 13–14, 18, 153, 195

Diggers, 8

discrimination, 29, 33, 37, 64, 66, 79, 132, 143, 179, 184, 216n63; charges claiming, 134; employment, 212n44; housing, 53; institutionalized, 55, 83; workplace, 81

diversity, 15, 145, 153–58, 163, 166, 196; ethnoracial, 158; food politics and, 155; motivations for, 154–55; race and, 156

Domhoff, William, 150

domination, 29–30, 51, 94, 143, 201n3

Douglass, Frederick, 152

Dream Defenders, 168

DREAMers, 24, 125, 135

Durst, Ralph, 38

Durst Brothers Hops Ranch, 38

Earthbound Farm, 36

ecological problems, 4, 11, 19, 30–31, 73, 112

economic conditions, 11, 12, 13, 41, 70, 146

Economic Development Administration, 183

economic insecurity, 95; food insecurity and, 105

economic issues, 41, 57–58, 64, 124, 127, 134, 156

economic justice, 7, 13, 17, 20, 27, 35, 39, 51, 52, 85, 108, 126, 135, 145, 175; fight for, 82–83; food justice and, 19, 102; importance of, 102; mobilization around, 174; racial justice and, 9, 127; struggles for, 75

economy, 55, 80, 85, 100, 114, 119; agricultural, 87; capitalist, 18; consumer, 30; food, 84, 109, 110; immigration and, 126; industrializing, 30; low-wage, 103

ecosystems, 2, 31, 57, 187

edible landscapes, 50, 57, 58, 74, 180

education, 33, 42, 43, 45, 66, 74–75, 89, 119; attacks on, 175

Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, The (Marx), 195

Eighth Amendment, 62

elites, 8, 34, 46, 150; economic, 24, 84; political, 19, 24, 29, 39, 44, 189

El Sobrante, 180, 209n58

El Super, 105, 156; campaign against, 128–29, 136–37; march at, 129, 136

Engels, Frederick, 195

environment, 70, 94, 98, 103, 108, 166, 167, 173; degradation of, 25, 175; human/nonhuman, 34; structural inequalities and, 4

environmental justice, 13, 16, 20, 25, 27, 43, 51, 102, 167, 170, 177, 209n78, 222n43; addressing, 188, 219n60; marginalized and, 30

Environmental Protection Agency, 175, 188

equality, 4, 142, 163; racial, 126, 153

equity, 27, 31, 110, 172, 178, 184; economic, 98; food and, 8, 163, 195–96; racial, 46; social, 4, 6, 157, 179, 187

Equity Summit, 31

ethnicity, 11, 30, 37, 43, 127, 179, 181, 201n3

ethnoracial differences, 11, 18, 122, 123, 153, 157, 184

ethnoracial relations, 20, 53, 94, 119, 127

E-Verify, 130

exchange, 33, 94; alternative modes of, 92–93

Executive Order 12898, Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations, 188

exploitation, 8, 25, 32, 51, 102, 130, 181; economic, 84; labor, 1, 18, 19, 23, 31, 63, 81, 144, 165

Fair Labor Standards Act, 181

Farm Bill, 170, 171, 172, 174, 176, 178

Farmer, John, 97–98, 131, 133

farming, 7, 113, 116, 157, 180; alternative, 86; foreign born in, 111; industrialization of, 115; jobs in, 29; organic, 2; small-scale, 35; sustainable, 26; tenant, 32; urban, 59, 72, 78

farm schools, 89, 90, 115, 211n36

farmworkers, 3, 10, 18, 83, 98, 120, 169; advocating for, 117; economic precariousness of, 115; food labor movements and, 37–40; immigrant, 20, 28, 81, 112, 113, 115–17, 121, 181–82; Japanese, 37–38; Mexican, 122; mistreatment of, 28–29, 181; pesticides and, 45; protecting, 35; rights of, 75; undocumented, 111, 119, 123

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 44

Federal Collaboration on Health Disparities Research, 185

Fight for $15 movement, 82, 99, 167, 173, 213n78

food: cheap, 29, 99, 159; communal empowerment and, 74; ethnic, 11; importing, 222–23n66; justice and, 9; land and, 19; local, 26, 46, 86, 90, 101; organic, 26, 46, 101; political uses of, 4; social boundaries and, 168; sustainable, 86

food access, 19, 20, 23, 105, 109, 157, 177; hunger and, 9; labor issues and, 98

food activism, 19–20, 84, 94, 113, 196; local, 122; organic farming and, 2

Food and Justice (magazine), 10

food-chain workers, 26, 32, 37, 82, 85, 98, 109, 111, 172, 212–13n65; capital from, 100; demographics of, 123–37; exploitation of, 18, 19; food insecurity for, 105; food politics and, 83; food stamps for, 104; health insurance and, 104–5; labor struggles of, 19, 97; living wages/health care and, 23; rights of, 123–37

Food Chain Workers Alliance, 127, 149, 172, 176, 218n28, 221n34

Food Day, 31

food deserts, 99, 106, 107, 185

Food Desert to Food Oasis, 104

Food Employers Council, 147

food initiatives, 83, 85; alternative, 94, 98, 172, 220n79

food insecurity, 11, 18, 101, 102–9, 155

food justice: achieving, 13, 111, 179; advocating for, 27–28, 37, 59, 66, 150, 152, 166, 179, 182, 190; development of, 4, 10, 11, 28, 52, 82, 126, 135, 142, 151, 178, 179; expanding, 4, 10, 84, 98, 166; future of, 6–11; ideological advantages of, 142, 174; national strategy for, 21, 46, 179, 180, 181, 183, 185, 186, 188, 189; openness of, 20, 110, 165; practicing, 1, 15, 68–78, 142, 153, 155, 189, 195, 199; reimagining, 98–102, 113; restorative, 19, 52, 63, 65, 67, 68–78, 79, 152; roots of, 9, 20, 67, 165; strategic considerations for, 145–61; struggles for, 5, 7, 14, 18, 142, 163, 198; vision of, 10, 126, 175–90

Food Justice (Joshi), 83

Food Justice (newsletter), 10

Food Justice: A People’s Movement Whose Time Is Now (Center for Whole Communities), 10

food justice activism, 4, 6, 11, 14, 16, 17–18, 20, 50, 51, 72, 79, 83, 98, 108, 172, 173, 187; autonomous strands of, 42–43; class-consciousness and, 84; food system and, 163; structural inequalities and, 5

food justice movement, 1, 10, 58, 83, 150, 154, 189; food politics and, 138; hopes for, 5; perimeters of, 166; social/ecological values of, 19; stories of, 8

Food Justice Programs, 10

food movement, 16, 18, 37–40, 46, 51, 85, 89, 101, 102, 105, 137, 140, 161, 173, 174, 178, 199; advocating by, 151; building, 20, 31–32, 167, 176, 185–86; class biases of, 98; coordination of, 170; criticism of, 103; equity concerns in, 196; food justice wing of, 6, 17; food politics and, 27, 112, 172, 198; labor movement and, 107, 109; mainstream ethos of, 141; market conditions/economic logics and, 168–69; nimble strength of, 156; political engagement of, 165; whiteness/privilege in, 19, 98, 101, 154

Food Not Bombs, 110

Food + Justice = Democracy conference (2012), 178

food policy, 26, 177, 178, 182, 189; municipal, 171; national, 21, 172, 173–74, 175, 176

Food Policy Action, 174, 176

food politics, 1, 13, 20, 51, 85, 100, 103, 118, 153, 163, 196; advancing, 113, 143, 155; alternative, 32; analysis of, 19, 113; confrontational, 19; counterhegemonic forms of, 15; crises/development of, 169–74; diversity and, 155; ecologically focused, 57; engaging in, 7, 158; equity-focused, 31; evolution of, 8, 31–44; food justice and, 5–6, 26, 27, 28, 37, 42, 47, 138, 144, 150, 154, 156, 167; food movement and, 27, 112, 172, 198; forms of, 16, 27; grassroots, 174; imagination of, 3–4; labor politics and, 97; practicing, 144, 176, 200; prefigurative, 82, 92; radical, 11, 190; roots of, 4, 9; solidaristic, 159; urban, 2, 126

food processing, 29, 36, 97, 105, 123, 131, 134

food production, 37, 50, 98, 180; strategies for, 79

food riots, early, 8

Food Safety Modernization Act, 167

food security, 3, 17, 26, 122, 144, 201n6, 220n14; food justice and, 9, 202n29

food sovereignty, 16, 26, 51, 183

food stamps, 9, 29, 61, 104, 176

food system, 12, 18, 19, 47, 81, 110, 111, 123, 141, 178; changing, 5, 17, 26–27, 112, 154, 170, 176, 183; conventional, 82, 83, 210n11; domination of nature and, 29–30; environmentally unsustainable, 188; exploitable/deportable labor and, 113; food justice and, 163; future of, 164; industrialization of, 30, 160, 188; local, 94, 99, 108, 183; race and, 4–5, 96, 154; reforming, 15, 174; regulation of, 176, 177; resisting, 163–64; socially just, 86

food work, 105; living-wage, 186; revaluing, 19, 83, 84, 110

formerly incarcerated people, 1, 2, 17, 19, 50, 52, 55, 56, 60, 61, 63, 65, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 138, 142, 151, 152, 153, 158, 161, 163, 180, 197, 198; discrimination against, 64, 79

Franco, Marisa, 137

Free Breakfast for Children Program, 9, 41, 44

Freedom Farms Cooperative, 156

Freedom to Farm Act, 170

Freire, Paulo, 158–59, 160, 199

Fremont High School, mural at, 75, 75

Frente Auténtico del Trabajo, 129

Friendship Park, 114

Friends of the Earth, 221n34

Gandhi, Mohandas, 8–9

Ganz, Marshall, 37

gardening, 7, 59, 66, 72, 74, 186; community, 50; organic, 35

Garzo Montalvo, Marcelo Felipe, 154

Gathering, The, 174, 221n26, 222n48

Gelderloos, Peter, 156

gender, 5, 11, 30, 168, 179, 189, 201n3, 219n60

General Mills, 36

gentrification, 55, 169, 180, 185

Gibson-Graham, J. K., 89, 212n41, 223n78

Gigante, 128

Gilmore, Ruth, 51

Good Faith Farm, 85–86

Good Food for All Agenda, 108

Good Food Purchasing Policy (GFPP), 109

Good Food Purchasing Program, 213n86

Good Jobs L.A., 149, 218n27

Gottlieb, Robert, 4, 82–83

Gramsci, Antonio, 7–8, 44, 143, 144, 167

Grant, John, 101

Grant, Oscar, 54, 55

grassroots groups, 27, 134, 150–51, 153, 173, 174, 175, 183

Great Recession, 11, 24, 82, 92, 99, 103, 104, 134, 148, 167

Greenwald, Robert, 102

grocery stores, 20, 98, 102; community-run, 78; Latinx, 127, 128; union, 104, 105, 108, 127

Growing Food and Justice for All Initiative, 51, 174, 221n26

Grupo Comercial Chedraui, 128–29

Guckenheimer, 109

guest farmworker programs, 112, 115, 130

Guthman, Julie, 99, 116

Hamer, Fannie Lou, 156

Hampton, Fred, 44

HEAL (Health, Environment, Agriculture, and Labor) Food Alliance, 168, 172, 174, 175, 176

health, 29, 83, 93, 167, 171, 173, 179, 186; disparities in, 101; nutrition and, 26; prisoner, 62; problems, 103, 184–85; public, 34, 98, 103, 174, 213n82

health care, 23, 62, 95, 119, 128, 166, 181; access to, 42, 55; lack of, 104–5

healthy food, 29, 32, 77, 110, 168; access to, 19, 20, 23, 105

Healthy Food Financing Initiative, 187

Heffernan, William, 123

Hegel, Friedrich, 13

hegemony, 13, 42, 143, 203n35, 212n41; theorization of, 144

Hermandad Mexicana Latinoamericana, 134

Hislop, Rasheed, Salaam, 201n6, 220n1

HM Capital Partners, 36

Hoffy, 98

Hoover, J. Edgar, 44

horticultural therapy, 59–60

housing, 42, 45, 55, 120, 180

Huerta, Dolores, 39, 128

human rights, 15, 73, 83, 124, 183

Icaza, Ricardo F., 125, 212n45

identity, 126, 157, 172, 201n3; black, 41; collective, 47, 156, 182, 214n14; ethnoracial, 127

Illegal Immigration Control Act, 125

immigrant organization, deportation and, 130–37

immigrant rights, 123–37, 144, 175; networks, 158–59

immigrants: attacks on, 175; deportation of, 134, 167; documented/undocumented, 81, 119; ethnic succession of, 111; human rights of, 124; issues for, 159; labor power and, 124; monitoring, 117–19; multiracial organizing and, 126–30; organic farming and, 113–23; racist criminalization of, 10; scapegoating of, 64, 171; unions and, 135, 136; working class and, 124

immigration, 1, 18, 24, 113, 118, 138–39, 144, 163, 166; awareness about, 139; dehumanizing, 114; economy and, 126; farmworkers and, 116; food justice and, 123; racist, 156; reform, 134, 137; regimes, 135, 165, 169, 179, 211n23

Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), 137, 140

Immigration Reform and Control Act, 216n53

incarceration, 55, 61–63, 65, 139, 152–53, 161, 180; grievances about, 62, 64; stigma of, 56, 71; trauma of, 49

inclusivity, 52, 56–59, 71, 108, 154, 155, 156, 157

indigenous peoples, 16, 23, 173, 180; cultural foodways and, 9; exploitation of, 32; restorative justice and, 67

industrial complex, 170, 177; non-profit, 58, 186; prison, 51, 196

industrialization, 97; agricultural, 91–92

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 37, 38, 39, 45, 82

inequalities, 13, 55, 71, 166; class, 5; environmental, 189; food system, 28–31; mass incarceration and, 18–19; neoliberalism and, 37; racial, 5, 18–19, 23; structural, 4, 6, 15, 18, 23, 24, 27, 28, 37, 45, 46, 47, 56, 155, 164, 170, 172, 173, 179

inequities, 16, 17, 28, 112, 141–42, 143, 155, 156, 173; class, 165, 169, 198; economic, 60, 140, 163; eliminating, 163, 187; ethnoracial, 52, 60, 165, 169; food system, 1, 37, 79, 179; racial, 33, 60, 140, 163, 198; social, 17, 126, 136, 161, 189, 190; social boundaries and, 123; social reproduction and, 101

I-9, 130

Inland Empire, 146–47, 149

insecticides, 188–89

Insight Garden Program, 49, 59, 66, 76, 151

institutional racism, 1, 4, 6, 16, 18, 31, 40, 42, 46, 51–52, 54, 63, 68, 79, 80, 112, 118, 141, 142, 153, 155, 169, 189; criminal justice system and, 55; political origins of, 14

Internal Revenue Service, raid by, 133

International Brotherhood of Teamsters, 147

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 184

IWW. See Industrial Workers of the World

Jim Crow, 33, 152

Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, 176–77

Joshi, Anupama, 4, 83

Justice Overcoming Boundaries of San Diego County, 215n32

Justice Reinvestment Coalition, 78

Just Transition Principles, 168

Kainos Capital, 36

Kelley, Robin D. G., 47

Kellogg, 36

Khanna, Navina, 172

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 40, 138, 175

Knoll Farm, 10

Korean Immigrant Worker Advocates (KIWA), 146

Kroger, 103

LAANE. See Los Angeles Alliance for a New Economy

labor, 18, 31, 45, 83, 84, 89, 167, 179, 181–82; apprentice, 81; cheap, 33, 114, 115; exploitable/deportable, 30, 113; food justice and, 99; forms of, 160; gendered, 143; immigrant, 28, 113, 131, 216n59; land and, 65; noncommodified forms of, 19, 223n78; prison, 43, 50, 54; racialized, 97, 101, 143; relations, 5, 19, 82, 87, 94; slave, 77; social/ ecological values of, 19; standards, 101, 181; struggles, 37, 82, 107; voluntary, 84–94, 198; wage, 87, 92, 110

labor associations: Japanese, 37; Mexican/Filipino, 38–39

labor laws, 92, 109, 113, 116, 181; organic farming and, 35

labor movement, 3, 95, 98, 106, 110, 137, 145, 175; dilemma for, 124; environmental degradation and, 103; food movement and, 107, 109; immigrant rights movement and, 125

labor organizers, 20, 39, 40, 96, 99, 101, 103; food politics and, 100; healthy food and, 105; Walmart and, 108

labor practices, 10, 87, 146, 221n28; fair, 83, 132; improving, 46, 130; unfair, 148, 176

Laclau, Ernesto, 25, 143, 144, 163, 202n17

LAFPC. See Los Angeles Food Policy Council

La Milpa Organica Farm, 91

land, 19, 33, 45, 85, 179–81; access to, 26; cheap, 32; labor and, 65; relationships to, 66

Lappé, Anna, 172

Latinx community, 17, 29, 51, 57, 75, 95, 96, 105, 119, 138, 157, 160; borderland, 159; dietary health problems in, 184–85; incarceration and, 55

Latinx immigrants, 119, 123, 130; deportation of, 160; undocumented, 113

leadership, 51, 155; diversity, 52, 56–59; path to, 96, 130

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), 109

Lefebvre, Henri, 12

Let’s Move campaign, 99, 167

“Letter from a Birmingham Jail” (King), 138

Lichtenstein, Nelson, 213n69

Lions, Mel, 157

living wages, 2, 19, 23, 81, 104, 105, 127, 167, 186

Logan, Barry, 91

Longshoremen, 38

Los Angeles Alliance for a New Economy (LAANE), 97, 99, 100, 106, 127, 129

Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, 155

Los Angeles Federation of Labor, 125, 128, 215n40

Los Angeles Food Policy Council (LAFPC), 31, 98–99, 109, 183; GFPP of, 109; Good Food for All Agenda of, 108; UFCW 770 and, 99, 101, 108; UFW and, 101

Los Angeles Unified School District, 109

low-income communities, 180, 183, 184, 187

Lucky Stores, 40

Luiseño, 88, 89

Majority, The, campaign by, 175

Making Change at Walmart, 102

Malcolm X, 41

Mandela, Nelson, 50

marginalization, 17, 30, 37, 62, 66, 120, 161, 163; dual, 105; economic, 26, 115; institutional, 164; social, 26, 111

market as movement, 37, 143, 145

Martin, Philip, 116

Martin, Waldo, 41

Marx, Karl, 12, 14, 195

mass incarceration, 1, 19, 24, 50, 51, 61–63, 67, 69, 72, 144, 151, 161, 165, 185; of black people, 61; costs of, 52–56; ending, 77; inequalities and, 18; maintaining, 80; racialized system of, 60; racism and, 167; working-class black communities and, 2

Mateo-Escobar, Salvador, 138–39

Mayhew, Kelly, 119

McClymonds High School, mural at, 69, 75

Meat Cutters Local 421, 95

meatpacking, 95, 100, 105, 131, 132, 134, 145, 181; economic conditions in, 20; nonunionized, 17

Medina, Marta, 149

Meyer, David, 11

militarization, 112, 122–23, 136; border, 8, 117–19, 125

Mills, C. Wright, 14

minimum wage law, 46, 82, 176, 215n40

Minority Business Development Agency, 183

mobility privilege, racialized restrictions and, 119–23

mobilization, 125, 151, 153, 163; anti-capitalist, 166; food justice, 58, 150; locally based, 183

Mollison, Bill, 57

Mouffe, Chantal, 25, 143, 144, 163, 202n17

MOVE, 9, 31

Movement for Black Lives, 168, 175

multiracial organizing, immigrants and, 126–30

Mussolini, Benito, 7–8

NAACP, 54

NAFTA. See North American Free Trade Agreement

narratives, 7, 8, 11, 24, 47, 64, 99, 112, 114, 115, 184, 199; dominant, 46; historical, 104; Latino, 119; neoliberal, 23

National Employment Law Project, 212n65

National Environmental Policy Act, 177

National Farmers Alliance and Industrial Union, 33

National Farm Labor Union (NFLU), 39

National Food Policy Twitter chat, 172

National Industrial Recovery Act (1933), 38

National Labor Relations Act, 181

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), 128, 129

National Sustainable Agriculture Assistance Program, 214n15

Neighborhood Markets, 106, 213n81

neoliberalism, 10, 23, 37, 88, 92, 93–94, 102, 143, 200; class privilege and, 94; ethnoracial privilege and, 94; food politics and, 47, 84; racial, 14, 23, 44, 164, 167, 168, 178

Nestlé, 36

NFI Industries, 146, 148–49; strike against, 148

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 129, 158, 219n65

Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Working Group, 31

Northgate González Markets, 105, 108

nutrition, 26, 30, 109; assistance programs, 9; standards, 170, 176

Oakland City Hall, 55

Oakland Police Department, 53, 54

Obama, Barack, 24, 137, 167, 171–72

Obama, Michelle, 99, 167

Occupy Oakland, 54, 55

Occupy Wall Street, 24, 78, 99

Ocean Beach People’s Food Co-op, 85

Office of Management and Budget, 187

Omaha Together, One Community (OTOC), 145, 146

oppression, 5, 7, 66, 154, 189, 201n3, 202n17; experiencing, 112; history of, 28; resisting, 65

organic farming, 19–20, 27, 84–94, 186, 211n23; border zones and, 121; economic difficulties with, 87; educational space and, 86; emergence of, 35; food activists and, 2; growth of, 82; immigrants and, 113–23; labor conjuncture in, 89; labor regulations and, 35; social boundaries and, 37

organic farming movement, 18, 32, 34–37, 45, 46, 82; history of, 36–37

organizational flexibility, 52, 56–59

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 129

organized labor, 103; racial capitalism and, 94–98

Organizing Department (UFCW 770), 3, 95, 136, 146, 147, 197

Oscar Grant Plaza, 55

OTOC. See Omaha Together, One Community

OUR Walmart, 82, 106, 149, 213n78, 218n28

Outreach and Assistance for Socially Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers, 182

Overhill Farms, 131, 133, 134

participation, 11, 112, 125, 142; civic, 141, 187; equitable, 177; political, 33

Pathways to Resilience, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 77, 79, 209n78

patriarchy, 5, 12, 25, 154, 179

Peace Action, 56

Pellow, David, 71

people of color, 153–54, 155, 186, 187; attacks on, 175; capitalism and, 12; imprisonment of, 55, 163; labor advocacy and, 96; police brutality and, 42

Pepsi, 36

permaculture, 19, 26, 27, 52, 70, 72, 76, 82, 87, 151, 152; black, 71; decolonization approach to, 208n35; defined, 57; design, 57, 208n35; teaching, 59

pesticides, 10, 30, 39, 45, 75, 188, 217n12; dependency on, 205n38; exposure to, 81; reducing, 35

Planned Parenthood, 168

Planting Justice, 1–2, 49, 52, 54, 56, 63, 73, 140, 143, 154, 158, 165, 184, 196, 197, 198; advocacy of, 65; Assembly Bill 109 and, 68; blog of, 77; Canal Alliance and, 74; collective power and, 151; communal bonds and, 74–75; employment pool for, 57; environmental sustainability and, 188; food justice and, 67, 160; food politics and, 6–7; food production and, 180; gardens by, 66, 74; hiring by, 50; horticultural therapy and, 59–60; immigration and, 113; living wages and, 186; mass incarceration and, 161; mentorship program by, 139; mutual aid and, 138; organizational procedures and, 58; political arm of, 76; radical imagination and, 79; recidivism and, 153; restorative process and, 72; social change and, 6; social networks and, 152; sponsorship by, 69; staff of, 59, 60; strategy by, 77; sustainable base and, 66

Plate of the Union, 173–74, 175

police, 24, 63, 114; border zones and, 121; brutality, 42, 51; budget for, 56; distrust of, 53, 137; misconduct by, 54, 55

policy changes, 10, 107, 152, 188, 189, 199

PolicyLink, 31

political conditions, 11, 12, 13, 85, 144

political economy, 36, 143; agricultural, 211n23; capitalist, 29

politics, 14, 25, 34, 36, 76, 96, 98, 165, 173, 182; carceral, 3–4, 18–19, 51, 52; confrontational, 28, 142, 218n44; consumer, 27, 150; food justice, 43, 144, 170; identity, 126; immigration, 4; labor, 4, 97, 218n21; participation in, 125, 142; prefigurative, 11, 36; protest, 15; revolutionary, 13; survival, 9

Pollan, Michael, 171, 173, 176

poor: attacks on, 175; criminalization of, 171; imprisonment of, 55

Poor People’s Campaign, 9

populist movements, agrarian, 32–34, 46, 142

postpolitical, 14, 37, 141, 143, 144, 145, 173, 189, 192

poverty, 50, 63, 64, 84, 98–102, 106, 148, 183, 185; drug use and, 60; exacerbation of, 52; food politics and, 9; level, 155

power, 150; capitalist, 34; collective, 145, 150–53, 162, 166, 173, 196; community, 132; corporate, 11, 102–9, 153; economic, 33; labor, 93, 124; police, 52–56; political, 41, 104, 142; relations, 14, 16, 21, 28, 47, 54, 169, 182; state, 142; working-class, 96

prefiguration, 20, 25; postcapitalist, 84–94

Principles of Food Justice, 179, 222n48

prison, 66; boom, 51, 53; confinement in, 61–63; food system and, 52; reform, 19

prison abolition movement, 43, 50, 54

Prison Notebooks (Gramsci), 44

prison pipeline, 2, 59–65

Project on Organizing, Development, Education, and Research, 129

Proposition 187 (1994), 119, 125

public engagement, 14, 74, 76, 177

Public Safety Realignment, 68, 69, 77

Puzder, Andrew, 176, 221n34

race, 6, 11, 30, 37, 43, 95, 124, 179, 181, 189, 219n60; diversity and, 156; food system and, 154

racialization, 60, 64, 74, 153, 160

racial justice, 7, 13, 17, 20, 27, 39, 50, 52, 54, 85, 135, 145, 175; economic justice and, 9, 127; mobilization around, 174; struggles for, 75

racism, 25, 33, 45, 124, 152, 200; color-blind, 23, 24; confronting, 39, 41, 96; experiencing, 24, 112; institutional, 1, 4, 6, 14, 16, 18, 31, 40, 42, 46, 51–52, 54, 55, 63, 68, 79, 80, 99, 112, 118, 141, 142, 153, 155, 164, 169, 189; mass incarceration and, 167; scientific, 184

Raders, Gavin, 56, 57, 59, 151

Ralphs, unionization of, 108

Rancière, Jacques, 142–44

RCIU. See Retail Clerks International Union

Real Food Media, 221n34

recidivism, 2, 68, 69, 70, 152, 153

reentry process, 2, 60, 65, 67, 68, 69, 72, 79, 152–53; money for, 78; rally for, 78

remuneration, 92, 101, 116, 128

Republican Revolution, 170

resistance, 7, 8, 15, 65, 69, 82, 163–64

resources: access to, 83; conservation of, 188; distribution of, 10, 214n2; exploitation of, 25; food justice, 182; managing, 34; mobilization of, 79

Restaurant Opportunities Centers United, 176

restorative justice, 19, 67, 71, 72

Retail Clerks International Union (RCIU), 39, 40, 94, 95

Revolution and Evolution in the Twentieth Century (Boggs and Boggs), 13

right to work laws, 181

Rising Food Insecurity in Los Angeles County (Los Angeles County Department of Public Health), 155

Robl, Terri, 184

Rodriguez, Fermin, 128

Rodriguez, Rodrigo, 173

Rolling River Nursery, 209n58

Russell, Bertrand, 150

safety, 26, 53, 171, 175; prisoner, 62; worker, 17, 181

Safeway, 40, 103, 133

Salt March, 8–9

Salvador, Ricardo, 171, 176, 217n76

Sanders, Bernie, 99, 175

San Diego City Council, 182–83

San Diego County, 87, 120; military bases in, 215n24; organic farms in, 86, 211n23

San Diego Immigrant Rights Consortium, 215n32

San Diego Roots Sustainable Food Project (San Diego Roots), 88, 116, 118, 136, 153, 182–83, 196, 197, 211n25, 211n29, 211n36; ALOFT and,