140. See George C. Jencks, “Dime Novel Makers,” The Bookman 20 (October 1904): 108–14; E. F. Bleiler, “From the Newark Steam Man to Tom Swift,” Extrapolation 30, no. 2 (1989): 101–16.

141. Ross, Strange Weather, 106

142. E. F. Bleiler, “Dime-Novel SF,” in The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, ed. John Clute et al. (London: Gollancz, 2014); updated February 10, 2016, http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/dime-novel_sf.

143. John Rieder, Colonialism and the Emergence of Science Fiction (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 2008), 32–33.

144. Ross, Strange Weather, 111.

145. Cheng, Astounding Wonder, 116.

146. Larbalestier, The Battle of the Sexes in Science Fiction, 10.

147. See ibid., 117–35. Larbalestier provides readings of women SF writers as well, including Claire Winger Harris and Leslie F. Stone, whose story “The Conquest of Gola” in the April 1931 issue of Wonder Stories thematized the “battle of the sexes.”

148. Mary Byers, “In Other Words, It Isn’t What You Say, It’s the Way You Say It,” Astounding Science Fiction (December 1938): 160–61.

149. For more on women in early science fiction, see Jane Donawerth, Frankenstein’s Daughters: Women Writing Science Fiction (Syracuse, N.Y: Syracuse University Press, 1997); Robin Roberts, A New Species: Gender and Science in Science Fiction (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993); Lisa Yaszek, Galactic Suburbia: Recovering Women’s Science Fiction (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2008); Lisa Yaszek and Patrick B. Sharp, eds., Sisters of Tomorrow: The First Women of Science Fiction (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 2016).

150. A movement calling themselves the Sad Puppies attempted to influence the 2015 Hugo Awards by creating a campaign to nominate more white male writers, whom they felt had been excluded from recent ballots. For a profile of the controversy that resulted and the eventual withdrawal of authors from the ballot who didn’t want to be associated with these views, see Amy Wallace, “Sci-Fi’s Hugo Awards and the Battle for Pop Culture’s Soul,” WIRED, October 2015, http://www.wired.com/2015/10/hugo-awards-controversy/.