Index
Page numbers in italics refer to figures.
actor-network theory, 7
addiction, Tomkins’s research on, 55, 176
affect: definitions of, 4, 5, 18; innateness of, 34–35; models, 97–98; primary, 37, 59–60, 122; theories, 7, 91–92, 94–98; Tomkins’s model of, 141–42. See also coassembly; Darwin, Charles; Freud, Sigmund; motivation, theory of; negative affects; positive affects; Spinoza, Benedict
Affect Imagery Consciousness: publication of, 1, 68–69, 142, 176
affect theories. See theory, Tomkins’s notion of
Alexander, Irving, 102, 112, 114, 132–33, 138
Allport, Gordon, 124, 131; meeting with Freud, 129–30
Althusser, Louis, 155
American Psychological Association: first meeting of, 71–72; memorial for Tomkins at, 138
amplification, affective, 14–15, 101, 102, 116, 163–64
anger, 3, 4, 8, 17, 24, 52, 55, 61–63, 65–66, 67, 87, 104, 120, 122, 137, 162; and the child, 45, 65, 93, 115; and evolution, 31, 32, 37, management of, 68–69, 106, 107; and the sex drive, 15
anger-rage. See anger
anguish. See distress
antibiologism, 6. See also biologism
Atwood, George A., 157–58
automaticity, 5, 41, 45–47, 48, 144–46, 148
Barrett, Lisa Feldman, 60, 124
Bateson, Gregory, 142
Baum, Samuel, 21–22
Beer, Gillian: Darwin’s Plots, 34
Beethoven, 157
behaviorism, 13–14, 124, 129, 131, 133–34, 143, 148, 161, 165
Bell, Charles, 124
Benveniste, Emile, 13
Bigelow, Julian, 142
biological systems theory, 13, 74, 75, 84–85
Book of Mormon, The, 65–66
Burr, Ruth: Tomkins in psychoanalysis with, 138, 175
Cannon–Bard model, 30
Chekhov, Anton: Tomkins’s case study of, 92, 153
Crichton-Browne, James, 124
coassembly, 9, 38, 65–66, 103–4, 114, 129, 165; of affects and drives, 15, 18, 112; of cognitions and affects, 5, 112, 164; of cognition and motivation, 167, 168; freedom of, 47. See also ideo-affective postures
cognition: domination of in theories of mind, 37, 38–39; relation between affect and, 5, 44–45, 53, 95, 96, 98, 125, 145–46, 161–69. See also coassembly; motivation, theory of
cognitivism, 13, 38, 165. See also neurosciences
commitment scripts, 53, 54, 55
communion, speech as a mode of, 58–59
consciousness, 7, 35, 45–46; Darwinism and, 31–32; Tomkins’s definition of, 81–82, 129, 130, 146–48, 165. See also cybernetics; Harvard Psychological Clinic; imagery; minding system; psychology of knowledge
contempt-disgust. See disgust; dissmell
Crile, George Washington, 121
cybernetics, 9, 13, 42–43, 47, 74, 75, 105, 129, 141–50. See also cyborgs; information theory
Damasio, Antonio, 78
Darwin, Charles, 28, 31–33, 36–37, 52, 64, 91, 92–93, 119–26
Descartes, René, 83
Dharwadker, Vinay, 125
Dick, Philip K., 46
disgust, 15, 18, 26, 31, 61, 67–68, 101, 113, 116. See also dissmell
dissmell, 8, 61, 67–68. See also disgust
distress, 15, 24, 25–26, 28, 45, 52, 54, 55, 61, 62–64, 65, 76, 87–88, 89, 102, 104, 113, 114–15, 137
distress-anguish. See distress
drives, 45, 53, 67–68, 75, 86, 88, 168; coassembly and, 4–5, 15, 18, 112; and cognition, 161, 163, 165, 168; Freud and, 25, 47–48; and motivation, 4, 5, 14, 15, 18–19, 22. See also breathing; defecation; hunger; pain; sex and sexuality; thirst
drive states. See breathing; defecation; hunger; pain; sex and sexuality; thirst
Duchenne, Guillaume-Benjamin-Amand (de Boulogne), 28, 121, 124
Durant, Will: The Story of Philosophy (1926), 72
Ekman, Paul, 21–22, 26, 28–29, 36, 37–38, 39, 40, 59
embarrassment, 4
emotion: basic, 22, 31–32, 33, 34–35, 36–37, 59–60, 119, 124; definition of, 4, 5, 24; differentiation from affect, 5, 6. See also Darwin, Charles; Ekman, Paul; James, William
enjoyment, 3, 14, 21, 31, 37, 51, 52, 55–57, 58–59, 66, 67, 68, 76, 87, 89, 103, 162
enjoyment-joy. See enjoyment
evolution, 8, 28–29, 31–40, 48, 55, 143–44, 146–47; Tomkins and Darwin, 92, 119–25
excitement. See interest
face, the, 21–30, 33, 35–36, 55–56, 64, 66; Darwin and, 121–24; and facial styles, 27–28; and scripts, 101, 107, 115–16
Facial Action Coding System (FACS), 22, 28
facial styles. See under face, the
fear, 14, 52, 53, 54, 55, 61, 62, 64–65, 67, 89, 75, 76, 120, 122, 133, 137, 162; Darwinism and, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 120, 121, 122–23; management of, 17, 59, 107; and the sex drive, 15, 47; strong vs. weak fear theories, 94–98, 103
fear-terror. See fear
Feuer, Lewis, 72
Flaccus, Louis W.: supervision of Tomkins’s doctorate in philosophy, 41, 175
Foucault, Michel, 6, 141, 154, 159
freedom, 41–49, 76–77; degrees of, Tomkins’s use of, 49
Freud, Sigmund, 3, 54, 105, 120, 166, 168; Gordon Allport and, 129–30, 131; and development, 97, 108; and drive theory, 13, 14, 17, 25, 47; model of anxiety, 68; Henry Murray and, 130–32, 135–36; and psychoanalysis, 7, 16, 73; theory of affect in, 88, 91, 92; theory of sexual development, 2, 56; Tomkins’s case study of, 153; Tomkins’s critiques of, 47–48, 56, 97, 108, 135–36, 148
Friesen, William, 22
Frois-Wittmann, Jean, 124
Fullerton, George Stuart, 71–72
fury, 4, 61–62. See also anger
Galison, Peter, 142
Gendron, Maria, 124
Geoghegan, Bernard Dionysius, 141
Gibbs, Willard, 43
Gratiolet, Pierre, 124
guilt, 4, 66, 120, 137. See also shame
Halley, Jean, 10
Harlow, Harry: rhesus monkey experiments of, 56
Harvard Psychological Clinic, 41, 93, 113, 129–39, 142, 164–65, 175
hatred, 4
Haynes, Maurice, 124
Heidegger, Martin, 13
Hemingway, Ernest: Tomkins’s case study of, 92, 153
Hess, Eckhard, 124
Horn, Daniel: Tomkins–Horn Picture Arrangement Test (PAT), 175
Huber, Ernst, 121
humanism, 9, 23, 41, 44, 48, 112–14, 168. See also posthumanism
humiliation. See shame
hunger, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23, 45, 67, 102–3
Hyppolite, Jean, 13
ideo-affective organizations, 65, 91, 93, 94–97
ideo-affective postures, 114–16, 154–56
ideology, 8, 111–17; and ideo-affective postures, 114–16; and the Polarity Scale, 89, 113–14, 117; and psychology of knowledge, 153, 154–57; and scripts, 57–58; and violence, 68–69
imagery: definition of, 81–83, 90; phantom, 26, 83–84. See also ideology; images; scenes; script theory; theory, Tomkins’s notion of
images, 81–90; General Images, 81, 87–89; the Image, 85–87
information theory, 42, 43, 47, 141. See also cybernetics
interest, 4, 15, 17, 24, 28, 52–55, 52, 57, 58–59, 64, 66, 67, 76, 89, 92–93, 95, 120, 122. See also enjoyment
interest-excitement. See interest
International Congress of Psychology (1954): Tomkins presentation at, 13, 19, 141
International Society for Research on Emotion: Tomkins lecture delivered at, 29, 39
Izard, Carroll, 124
Jacquette, Dale, 152
James, William, 104, 122, 138; teaching of Spinoza, 72, 73; theory of emotion, 24, 25, 30, 132
joy. See enjoyment
Kant, Immanuel, 82, 143, 156, 157
Kittler, Friedrich, 7
Kuhn, Thomas, 153–54, 157; response to Karl Popper, 158–59
Lacan, Jacques, 13, 19, 23, 141–42, 176
Latour, Bruno, 157
LeDoux, Joseph, 119
Levi-Strauss, Claude, 141
Lévy-Valensi, Eliane Amado, 13
Lie to Me (television program), 21–22
Liu, Lydia, 141
Lorenz, Konrad, 124
Macy Conferences on Cybernetics (1946–53), 142–43
Massumi, Brian, 5
Marx, Karl: Tomkins’s case study of, 92, 151–52, 153, 155–56
Marxism, 155–56
McCulloch, Warren, 142
McDougall, William, 124
Mead, Margaret, 142
media theory, 6–7
Miller, George A., 147
minding system, 5, 129, 167–68. See also cognition; motivation, theory of
Morgan, Christiana: development of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), 134
motivation, theory of, 123, 131, 133–34, 146, 148; drives and, 4, 14, 15, 18–19, 22; minding system and, 5, 129, 167–68; and motivational system, 161–64. See also cognition; images
Murray, Henry, 41, 120, 139, 164–65; development of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), 134; and Freud, 130–32, 135–36; personological framework, 93, 111, 113, 134–35, 136; Tomkins’s friendship with, 136–37
Nathanson, Donald, 119
negative affects, 15, 54, 58–59, 61–69, 87, 93, 98, 112, 114. See also anger; disgust; dissmell; distress; fear; shame; surprise
neo-Darwinism, 32, 36, 38. See also Darwin, Charles
Neumann, John von, 142
neurology, 28, 31, 64, 91–92, 124, 161, 166, 168. See also neurophysiology; neurosciences
neurophysiology, 131, 132, 141, 142, 147, 148, 165, 168. See also neurology; neurosciences
neurosciences, 10, 31, 119, 165, 168. See also cognitivism; neurology; neurophysiology
North, Oliver: Tomkins’s case study of, 153
O’Neill, Eugene: Tomkins’s case study of, 153
pain, 14, 16, 35, 38, 59, 61, 63, 144, 163
Panksepp, Jaak, 31–32, 35; Archaeology of Mind, 32
Parker, Trey, 65
Perry, Ralph Barton: Tomkins’s postdoctoral studies with, 175
personological framework, 93, 111, 134–35, 136
Pickering, Andrew, 142
picture theory, 7
Poe, Edgar Allan, 23
Pontalis, Jean-Bertrand, 19
positive affects, 3, 15, 51–60, 62, 64–67, 87, 112; amplification of, 15. See also enjoyment; interest
posthumanism, 5–6, 41, 43, 142. See also humanism
poststructuralism, 151
psychoanalysis, 2, 7–8, 13–14, 16, 47–48, 77, 88, 129–39; Tomkins in, with Ruth Barr, 138, 175. See also Freud, Sigmund
psychology of knowledge, 111–12, 151–59
Quine, Willard Van Orman: Tomkins’s postdoctoral studies with, 41, 175
Ramnoux, Clémence, 13
Rosenblueth, Arturo, 142
Roudinesco, Elisabeth, 19
Santayana, George, 72
Schachter, Stanley, 162
script theory, 55, 68–69, 102–8
Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, 6, 7, 39, 69, 99
Selye, Hans, 124
sex and sexuality, 2, 14, 15–16, 19, 47, 52, 54, 55, 56, 152. See also Freud, Sigmund
shame, 3, 4, 14, 24, 61, 62, 65, 66–67, 68, 76, 89, 137; and the child, 93, 101, 136; and the face, 21, 25; and the sex drive, 15; weak vs. strong affect theories, 93–96. See also guilt; Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky
shame-humiliation. See shame
Shannon, Claude, 43
Sheffer, Henry: Tomkins’s postdoctoral studies with, 175
Singer, Jerome, 162
Smith, Brewster, 138
smoking, Tomkins’s research on, 26, 57, 176
social constructionism, 37, 38, 82–83
Société française de psychanalyse, 19
Spinoza, Benedict, 3, 44, 71–78, 87, 91, 120
Stern, Daniel, 60
Stewart, Jon, 65–66
Stone, Matt, 65
structuralism, 23, 104, 141, 143, 144, 148
surprise, 14, 35, 37, 51, 52–53, 52, 54, 61, 64, 87, 92, 103, 163
surprise-startle. See surprise
theory, Tomkins’s notion of, 7, 91–92; strong vs. weak affect theories, 94–98. See also Darwin, Charles; Spinoza, Benedict
Tolstoy, Leo, 153
Tomkins, Elizabeth: scholarly guide to the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), 134
Tomkins, Silvan, life and work of: birth of son Mark Tomkins, 176; at City University of New York, 136, 176; death of, 176; and horse racing, 175; marriage to Elizabeth (BeeGee) Taylor, 176; marriage to Mary Shoemaker, 175; postdoctoral studies at Harvard, 41, 175; presentation at the Fourteenth International Congress of Psychology, 141; at Princeton University, x, 136, 176; publication of Affect Imagery Consciousness, 1, 68–69, 142, 176; at Rutgers University, 136, 176; at the University of Pennsylvania, 41, 71–72, 101–2, 175, 176; work with Daniel Horn, 134, 175; work with Henry Murray at Harvard Psychological Clinic, 41, 93, 113, 129–39, 142, 175, 176; work with Robert W. White, 175
Tomkins–Horn Picture Arrangement Test, 134, 175
violence, 68–69
Weaver, Warren, 143
White, Robert W.: Tomkins’s work with, 175
Whitehead, Alfred North, 157, 175
Wiener, Norbert, 42–43, 44, 142, 145, 149
Williams, Raymond, 155
Wilson, Edward O.: Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, 40
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 92