Figure Descriptions
Figure 1. This diagram, Figure 3 from Facebook's patent “Techniques for Emotion Detection and Content Delivery,” represents an individual holding a smartphone and the subsequent “logic flow” that supposedly leads to the detection of emotion. This “flow” is represented through a series of linked boxes that comprise what is described in the original patent as “System 300.” The boxes, which are labeled with numbers that correspond to the original patent, read, “Receive image from imaging component. 310,” “Detect emotion characteristics from image. 320,” “Identify matching emotion type. 330,” and “Temporarily store identified emotion type in storage accessible by API. 340.”
Figure 3. The text of this advertisement reads, above the image, “The Boston Planchette. From the Original Pattern, first made in Boston in 1860.” Below the image is “Retail prices of the Boston Planchette. Black Walnut Board, neatly finished, durable castors . . . $1.00. Polished Board, silvered castors . . . 1.50. Holly Wood, handsomely painted . . . 2.00. G. W. Cottrell, 36 Cornhill, Boston. Exclusive agent for the manufacturer and patentee. Can be sent by mail, in a neat case, to any part of the country, on receipt of price. A liberal discount to dealers.”
Figure 5. The headline of the newspaper article represented in this image reads, “Thirty-Three Years in Solitary Cell but May Again See Daylight before He Dies.” The subhead reads, “Once a Month a Mother of 80 is Allowed to Weep outside the Bars and Talk to Jesse Pomeroy.” Below the young man's face reads, “Jesse Pomeroy When Convicted.” Below the middle-aged man's face reads, “Jesse Pomeroy Today.”
Figure 6. Plate 36 of the Iconographie Photographique de la Salpêtrière is labeled “Attaque: Crucifiement,” or, in English, “Attack: Crucifixion.”
Figure 9. The caption of the top image reads, “WEEPING causes the eye-brows to sink towards the middle of the forehead; the eyes almost closed, and drawn down towards the cheeks, the nostrils swell'd, the muscles and veins of the forehead appear; the mouth is shut, and the sides of it are drawn down making wrinkles on the cheeks . . . under lip pushed out, presses the upper one, all the face is wrinkled & contracted.” The caption of the bottom left image reads, “COMPASSION causes the eye-brows to sink towards the middle of the forehead, the eye-balls to be fix'd uppon the object, the sides of the nostrils next the nose to be a little elevated, making wrinkles in the cheeks, the mouth open, the upper-lip lifted up and thrust forwards, the muscles and all parts of the face sinking down and turning towards the object.” The caption of the bottom right image reads, “SCORN is lively and strong, the forehead is wrinkled the eye-brows are knit, the sides next the nose sinks down & the other side rises very much, the eyes are very open, and the eye balls are in the middle, the nostrils rise & draw towards the eyes and makes wrinkles in the cheeks, the mouth shuts, its sides sinking down, & the underlip is pushed out beyond the upper one.”
Figure 14. The face on the left is labeled “Fig. 45 Das gezwungene Lächeln,” or “Forced smile” in English. The face on the right is labeled “Fig. 46—Das heftige Lachen senkrechten Stirnfalten,” or “Violent laughter with vertical forehead wrinkles.”
Figure 15. The woman's face is labeled “Fig. 52—Die heilige Elisabeth auf dem Murillo'schen Gemälde: De Madonna von Sevilla. Schmerzlich-lächelnder Gesichtsausdruck. —Der lächelnde mit dem bitteren Zuge, entzüchtem Blick und horizontalen Stirnfalten,” a drawing of Saint Elizabeth from Bartolomé Esteban Murillo's painting The Holy Family (The Seville Virgin). This drawing has, to translate its caption, a “painfully smiling” expression, with “a bitter face, a despondent look, and horizontal forehead wrinkles.” The man's face on the bottom left is labeled “Fig. 53 Der lächelnde mit dem verachtenden Zuge (das höhnische Lächeln),” or a “Contemptuous smile (a sneering smile).” The man's face on the bottom right is labeled “Der lächelnde Zug mit offenstehendum Munde, aufgerissenen Augen und horizontalen Stirnfalten (höchster Grad freudigen Erstaunens oder gespannter freudiger Aufmerksamkeit,” or “Smiling with open mouth, wide eyes, and horizontal forehead wrinkles (the highest degree of gleeful astonishment or rapt, gleeful attention).”
Figure 17. The face on the left is labeled, “Fig. 10 Schläfrig gesenkte Augendeckel,” or “Sleepily lowered eyelids.” The face on the right is labeled, “Fig. 11—Aufgerissene Augen mit horisontalen Stirnfalten,” or, “Widened eyes with horizontal forehead wrinkles.”
Figure 20. These four images are captioned: “Figur 4 (XXX a) Körperbewegung der Urform: Freude (Fliehbewegung),” or “Archetypal body movement: joy (reaction),” “Figur 6 (VII c) Körperbewegung der Urform: Furcht (Hochstreckstellung),” or “Archetypal body movement: fear (extended position),” “Figur 14 (XXVI e) Abwehr des Hämischen,” or “Defense against malice,” and “Figur 44 (XV) Abwehr der Verneinung. Ich bedaure, es tut mir leid,” or “Defense against denial. I’m sorry.”
Figure 21. These three drawings are captioned: “Figur 32 (XXX, 17) Urform Freude,” or “Archetype of joy,” “Figur 33 (XXVI, 2) Urform böse Erregung,” or “Archetype of malicious excitement,” and “Figur 27 (VII, 5) Urform Furcht,” or “Archetype of fear.”
Figure 25. This image is, to its left, captioned “Photograph No. 3. Posted for the second line in Margaret’s speech to Faust. (Garden scene.)” To its right is written “‘To shame me, sir, you stoop thus low.’” Below the image is a list of “Judgements,” along with their frequency in Feleky’s experimental research, along with Feleky’s conclusions about the judgement of facial expression and the accuracy of observers in identifying her posed expression.
Figure 29. The top of this advertisement reads: “The most versatile . . . most sensitive direct writing unit available! Offner All-Transistor R Dynograph.” Below the images on the left are the captions, “The Type 481 preamplifier, 9800 series input coupler, 482 power amplifier, and 382 power supply are all of plug-in construction. Input is available both front and rear,” “The 404A paper drive gives speeds of from 1 to 250 mm/sec. Electrical speed shift 1 to 250mm per minute available. Zero weave high precision drive, 850 ft. capacity (heat or electric) 1500 ft. (ink). Front loading, with record fully visible from front,” and “Full scale, unretouched charts show the extreme sensitivity of the Type R. Dynograph. Left—10 microvolt RMS sine wave. Right—10 microvolt D-C square wave. Four recording media. Heat or electric rectilinear—ink or electric curvilinear. Readily convertible.” Below these images reads, “All these features . . . plus 8 channels in only 35” of rack space: stable d-c sensitivity of one microvolt per mm; true differential input; high input impedance; response to beyond 150 cps; reluctance, differential transformer, strain gages with a-c or d-c excitation, thermocouples, etc., used with all preamplifiers; deflection time less than 1.5 milliseconds (2.5 ms with preamplifiers); fixed precision calibration; instant warm-up; precision source for d-c and 400 cycle excitation, self-contained; zero suppression, twenty times full scale, both directions; Whatever your application for direct writing records, investigate the ability of the Offner Type R Dynograph to do the job better and more simply. Write on your company letterhead for details and specifications. Offner Electronics Inc. 3906 River Road, Schiller Park, Ill. (Suburb of Chicago).”
Figure 32. The text “the cat’s meow” is written in lower-case and positioned to the right of the cat. Below the image of the cat is written “Ink tracing at 250 mm/sec shows the response of the Offner Dynograph recorded when a heart microphone is held to a Siamese cat’s throat. Note clean line prior to meow, high frequency ripple superimposed over very low frequency response early in meow, and clearly recorded 200-cycle component superimposed over basic 20 to 50 cycle response later in meow.” Following the copy cited in the caption for Figure 32, the ad continues, “Plug-in couplers allow different signals to be recorded economically—no specialized amplifiers to buy. Fully transistorized circuits give reliability and instant warm-up. Add the Type R’s DC to 200-cycle frequency response, its stability, low noise level, and microvolt sensitivity, and you have the reasons why Offner is the best choice for physiological research. Models with 2 to 24 channels available. For more information, write Spinco Division, Beckman Instruments, Inc., for Data File OR-9. Beckman Instruments, Inc. Spinco Division Palo Alto, California. Medical Recorders from the Offner Division—now sold and serviced through the worldwide facilities of Beckman Instruments, Inc. International subsidiaries: Geneva, Switzerland; Munich, Germany; Glenrothes, Scotland.”
Figure 34. The panel reads, in full, “Hubbard Electrometer Manufacturing. By itself, this meter does nothing. It is solely for the guide of Ministers of the Church in Confessionals and pastoral counselling. The Electrometer is not medically or scientifically capable of improving the health of bodily functions of anyone and is for religious use by students and Ministers of the Church of Scientology only. Hubbard, E-Meter and Scientology are trademarks and service marks owned by RTS and are used with its permission.”
Figure 36. This image includes Figures 1 and 2 for this patent. At the top is the text of the patent’s date, “July 27, 1954,” its name, “Electropsychometer or Bioelectronic Instrument,” the date of filing, “Aug. 1, 1951,” and its patent application number “2,684,670.” At the bottom of the image is the signature of its inventor.