`INDEX`

Abnormal (Foucault), 149–50
acting. See performance
Adorno, Theodor, 220n100
Advance (Chicago), 58–60
aesthetics, 20–25, 98, 209–10, 220n109, 226n83; of compassion, 19, 50, 56, 231n92; education, 18, 88, 231n92; experience, 16–24, 101; German, 12, 15–17, 22, 25, 28, 88, 125; judgment, 18, 20–23, 27, 56, 70, 88–89, 94, 105–6, 121; mediation of, 21, 125, 220n100; occult, 196, 200; psychological, 17, 21, 25, 80–89, 105, 114; state, 17–21, 89–90, 106, 218n73, 226n62
affect: as anticipatory, 133–35, 147, 151; definition of, 29–30, 205–7, 220n105; and emotion, 3–4, 13–14, 31, 36–38, 204, 207–8; and empathy, 4, 14–16, 28, 127, 147, 152–53, 204, 210, 220n105; facial expression of, 123, 163, 229n43; as hierarchical, 14–15; incoherence of, 3, 31–32; incommensurability of, 3, 28–32, 204; liberation of, 57, 63, 222n143; materiality of, 13–15, 27–33, 167, 206–7; neurocognition of, 4, 11, 13, 30–33, 163, 205–6, 220n109; as normative, 14, 153–54, 161, 229n43; ontology of, 4, 13, 31–32, 152, 161, 167, 202, 207; as preceding consciousness, 44, 52, 69, 71; and race, 14, 217n61; as symbolic, 31–38, 44, 71, 165, 220n109; technical production of, 2, 4, 11, 27–39, 44, 71, 74, 93–94, 150, 153, 165, 205–10; universality of, 3–4, 15, 31–32, 37, 92–93, 161–63, 206; visibility of, 2, 12, 27, 31, 36, 154, 163–65. See also emotion
affective computing, 4–7, 28
affect program theory, 10–11, 27, 73–75, 89, 92–94, 113, 144, 150–51, 229n58; critique of, 93; and evolution, 100; and fear, 145–47
affect theory, 3, 28–30, 167; antisocial turn, 14–15; critique of, 13–15, 28–29, 36–37; idealism of, 30–32, 167, 206–7; and psychology, 4, 11–13, 28–38, 43–44, 52, 57, 63, 206, 220n106
Agamben, Giorgio, 35
Age of Anxiety, The (Auden), 180–81
Ahmed, Sara, 14, 220n109
Allen, Jamie, 168
alterity, 10, 209
anatomy, 79–81, 86, 95, 122
Angerer, Marie-Louise, 243n10
anticipation, 127–30, 133–47, 151–53, 156–58, 162–63, 170
anti-psychiatry, 129, 147–49, 157, 174, 185, 207, 232n3
anxiety, 34, 136, 162, 179–82
appearance. See exteriority
archive, 2, 76–78, 86, 89–92, 109
Aristotle, 20, 96, 207
Aserinsky, Eugene, 163
Astounding Science Fiction, 173
Atlantic Monthly, 70
Auden, W. H., 181–85, 240n73; The Age of Anxiety, 180–81
audience, 13, 17–20, 116–17, 125
auditing (Dianetics and Scientology), 173, 178, 182, 184, 191–200, 238n32
Ausdruck der Gemütsbewegungen des Menschen, Der (Rudolph), 106–8
automatic writing, 26, 44–47, 54–55, 59–60, 67, 70, 208, 227n91
automatism, 49, 67–71

Bachelard, Gaston, 12, 15, 133, 207, 217n50
Barad, Karen, 207
Baron-Cohen, Simon, 157, 234n39
Barthes, Roland: Camera Lucida, 77
basic emotions paradigm. See affect program theory
Bataille, Georges, 240n73
Bateson, Gregory, 121, 148, 229n58
Bazin, André, 87–88
beauty, 7, 20, 98
Bell, Charles, 98, 100–101
Benjamin, Walter, 89–91, 95, 114; “Doctrine of the Similar,” 90; “Little History of Photography,” 89–90
Berger, Hans, 135
Bergson, Henri, 174, 238n37
Berlant, Lauren, 14, 220n109
Bernard, Claude, 85
Bersani, Leo, 14
Birdwhistell, Ray, 121, 232n106
Blair, James: The Psychopath, 157, 236n101
Blair, Karina: The Psychopath, 157, 236n101
Blavatsky, H. P., 195
bombshell trauma. See shell shock
Bonaparte, Marie, 114
Book of E-Meter Drills, The (Hubbard), 196, 200
Boring, Edwin, 94, 116, 219n96; “A Model for the Demonstration of Facial Expression,” 103–6, 230n77
Breithaupt, Fritz, 218n79, 220n105, 244n16
Brennan, Teresa, 208
Breton, André: “First Manifesto of Surrealism,” 120
“Bridge to Total Freedom, The” (Scientology), 238n33
Brinkema, Eugenie, 30, 206, 243n10
British Columbia Penitentiary, 127, 130, 138–40
Brown University, 94, 121
Bühler, Karl, 24–25, 140
Bunn, Geoffrey, 137
Burden Neurological Institute, 127, 130, 134, 137

Californian Ideology, 201
Cambridge University, 53
Camera Lucida (Barthes), 77
cancer, 186, 241n101
Canguilhem, Georges, 80, 203–4, 217n50, 234n49, 236n92, 236n97
capitalism, 4, 155, 201; carceral, 161; emotional, 5, 28, 161–63, 201; immaterial, 154
Carmichael, Stokely. See Ture, Kwame
Carnegie, Dale, 179–82, 239n63; How to Stop Worrying and Start Living, 179–80, 239n66; How to Win Friends and Influence People, 179
causality, 133, 143–45, 150, 163
Cendrars, Blaise: Moravagine, 205
Charcot, Jean-Martin, 74–78, 85–96, 113, 174, 227n5, 227n10, 228n16, 228n31, 228n33
Chen, Mel Y., 14
chiropractic medicine, 186–87
Christie, Samuel Hunter, 169
Citizens Commission on Human Rights, 149, 185
Clark University, 175
clear (Dianetics and Scientology), 173, 178, 191–96, 238n33, 240n72
Cleckley, Hervey, 156–59, 236n88; The Mask of Sanity, 156
colonization, 14, 15, 226n75
Columbia University, 73, 92–94, 109, 113, 223n10
communication, 17–18, 39, 47, 106, 135, 201; research, 231n82
compassion, 19, 29, 50–51, 56, 64–65, 68, 82, 88, 91, 96, 209
Congress on the Dialectics of Liberation, 148–49
Connolly, William, 220n109
consciousness, 4, 27, 30, 48–49, 51–63, 67–71, 135, 150, 178, 206, 220n106; in spiritualism, 43–44, 59–60
contingent negative variation (CNV), 127, 135–38, 163, 232n2
Cooper, David, 129, 147–49, 156, 234n57
Cornell University, 21, 73, 223n10
critique, 29, 220n106, 220n109; anti-psychiatry, 128, 148; antisocial, 14–15; Darwin’s, of facial expression, 100–101; epistemological, 12, 15, 35
Crowley, Aleister, 195–96, 200, 241n99
culture, 3–4, 31–33, 37–39, 58, 202, 206, 226n62; mass, 154, 200; modern, 204; popular, 162; Western, 210

Darwin, Charles, 79–80, 89, 93–95, 100–106; The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, 95, 98–100, 106, 230n68
Daston, Lorraine, 9
Davis, Andrew Jackson, 60, 226n67
deception, 1, 74–76, 86–87, 113
decision, neurological, 151–52
Delaporte, François, 35, 80, 94, 101, 217n50
Deleuze, Gilles, 3, 222n143
Derrida, Jacques, 38
Descartes, René, 29–30, 37, 51, 57, 228n19
Diamond, Hugh W., 227n8
Dianetics, 165–68, 173–74, 182, 191–92, 241n101; as materialist, 174, 191; and psychoanalysis, 171–73, 178–80, 192–95, 238n32, 240n70; and Scientology, 183–85, 188–89, 195, 240n91
Dianetics (Hubbard), 173–84, 189–94, 238n30, 241n101
Didi-Huberman, Georges, 74, 85, 228n16, 228n33
disaffection, 14, 152–54
Discipline and Punish (Foucault), 148, 235n61
“Doctrine of the Similar” (Benjamin), 90
drawing, 7–9, 55, 87, 95–98, 102–9
drugs, 55–56, 67, 149, 174, 180, 185
dualism, 50, 53, 61, 149, 206–7; Cartesian, 29, 37, 57; Kantian, 30, 57, 61–62
Duchenne de Boulogne, Guillaume-Benjamin-Amand, 74–102, 105, 113, 120–23, 142, 150, 227n8; Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine, 75, 81–87, 98, 100, 113
Dynograph, 2, 27, 127–41, 161, 168–70, 197–99, 207–8, 233n27, 233n28; and EEG, 130–33; and psychopathy, 136–53, 156–57; and sleep studies, 163

Ebbinghaus, Hermann, 144
Eburne, Jonathan, 168–69
Edelman, Lee, 14
efficiency, 176, 203–4
Einfühlung, 16–17, 20–25, 117, 201, 218n66, 218n80, 219n97. See also empathy
Einstein, Albert, 186
Ekman, Paul, 10–11, 27, 77, 93–94, 121–25, 145–46, 154, 229n55, 229n58; and Darwin, 230n68; Emotions Revealed, 123–24; self- citations, 229n54. See also Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
electrical shock, 11, 34, 79–84, 92, 140–46, 150–52; therapy (electroshock), 130–32, 174, 180
electrodermal response, 133, 137, 140–44, 152, 168–71, 188–89, 196, 199–200, 207
electroencephalograph (EEG), 27, 127, 130–41, 156, 192, 206, 233n21; wearables, 133, 233n18
electromyography, facial, 93, 229n52
electropsychometer. See E-Meter
Emerson, Lori, 3, 216n49
E-Meter, 2–4, 28, 165, 172, 184–89; Hubbard Electrometer, 241n111; interpretation of, 170–71, 189–93, 197–99; Mathison Electropsychometer, 189–92, 241n111; as metaphysical, 192–93, 200–202, 207–8; and polygraph, 168–70, 197–99; use, 196–200; and Wheatstone bridge, 169
E-Meter Essentials (Hubbard), 197
emotion: and capitalism, 5, 10, 28, 148, 154–55, 161–63, 201; in Dianetics and Scientology, 189–93; as discrete, 73–79, 93–96, 101–3, 109, 113–14, 229n58, 231n101; expression of, 10, 15–19, 80, 96–101, 106, 122–25, 146; and feeling, 4, 37, 215n8; as hierarchical, 14; identification of, 5–6, 10–11, 88, 105, 114–17, 216n39; incommensurability of, 28; instrumental production of, 13, 19–21, 25–27, 117, 188, 202, 205–6, 217n52, 229n52; James-Lange theory, 29, 43, 50–68, 71, 142, 224n36; and personality testing, 176; and psychopathy, 130, 137–38, 143–58, 163; as relational, 127–28, 143–45, 161–62, 208–9; simulation of, 19–20, 27, 88, 96, 116, 122, 159; as universal, 11, 17–18, 33, 36, 89, 102, 106, 113, 117, 120–21, 124–25. See also affect; affect program theory; empathy
Emotions Revealed (Ekman), 123–24
empathy, 4, 16, 21–27, 33, 117, 162, 204, 208, 218n79, 218n80, 220n105; absence of, 143, 147–54, 157, 160–61, 234n39, 235n67; crisis of, 208; and “himpathy,” 218n79; incoherence of, 161–62; measurement of, 23–26, 88, 127, 163; and mediation, 17, 88, 96, 125, 209–10; motor, 22–25, 117, 219n90; and relation, 16, 23, 26–27, 33, 90, 127–28, 138, 152–53; and sympathy, 16, 22–24, 65, 96. See also Einfühlung
empirical, the, 1–2, 10–12, 32–35, 38, 51, 57, 62, 73, 80, 87–90, 102, 135, 172, 192, 204–7, 224n28, 224n36
empiricism, 11, 34, 41–44, 48, 50, 71, 90–94, 109, 113, 116; radical, 23, 41–46, 51–53, 57, 62, 223n20
engram (Dianetics), 173–74, 178, 184, 191
Enlightenment, 14–18, 182, 210
Epicurus, 29
epilepsy, 54, 132, 136
epistemological critique. See critique: epistemological
esotericism, 166, 182–83, 188, 194–95, 200
Estelle v. Smith, 159–60
evil, 49, 65, 151, 154, 157, 161, 204
evolution, 10, 80, 92, 95, 100–105
experience, pure (James), 51–52, 57, 68–69
Experimental Psychology (Woodworth and Schlosberg), 93–95, 101–2, 109, 113, 121, 144, 229n56
experiments, 3, 92, 165–67, 207–8, 216n49, 233n18; of Bühler, 24–25; of Duchenne de Boulogne, 83–87; forced choice, 93–95; of Hare, 142–46, 159; of James, 41–45, 53–56, 61–62, 71, 224n38, 227n89; judgment of facial expression, 92–95, 101–6, 109, 114–16, 120–21, 229n52, 229n54, 230n77, 232n104; psychophysics, 17, 21, 44; of Stein, 69–71; of Walter, 136–37
Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, The (Darwin), 95, 98–100, 106, 230n68
exteriority, 3, 7, 14, 17–21, 123–25

face: anatomy of, 80; books of, 73–77, 82, 86–87, 92, 95, 103–9, 124–25, 207; fragmentation of, 79, 103–5, 122; and interiority, 7, 10, 91, 209; measurement of, 5–7, 11, 80, 113, 130, 230n77; and performed expression, 19, 27, 76, 83–88, 105, 122–24, 145, 163; and physiognomy, 8–9, 90–91, 96–97, 214n24; and truth, 7–10, 96, 120, 146, 151; and universality, 114, 117, 120–25
Facebook, 5–6, 9–10
Facial Action Coding System (FACS), 10–11, 122–23, 216n39
Falret, Jules, 74
Faust (Goethe), 115
fear, 7, 67, 152; as affect program, 10, 92, 109; as anticipatory, 130, 136, 142–47, 151–53; as a “coarse” emotion, 52
Fechner, Gustav, 17, 44, 61, 223n11
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 186
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 185–87
Feelings and Emotions (Feleky), 112, 115–16
Feldman Barrett, Lisa, 93, 229n52
Feleky, Antoinette M., 109–21, 124, 231n92; Feelings and Emotions, 112, 115–16
Ferraris, Maurizio, 221n113
Ferreira da Silva, Denise, 14
Feyerabend, Paul, 36, 216n49
“First Manifesto of Surrealism” (Breton), 120
Fishbough, William, 60, 226n67
Fontana, Lucio, 219n90
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 185–88
Foucault, Michel, 1, 35, 74–76, 80, 91, 217n50, 234n57; Abnormal, 149–50; Discipline and Punish, 148, 235n61; Histoire de la Folie, 129, 232n4
Freedberg, David, 219n90
Fretwell, Erica, 14, 17–18, 220n99, 223n11
Freud, Sigmund, 114, 165, 173, 181, 185–86, 234n57, 240n73; and Charcot, 227n5; Clark University lectures, 175; home movies of, 117–19; influence on Hubbard, 177–83, 191–92, 195, 240n72; materialism of, 174. See also psychoanalysis; unconscious: Freudian
Fridlund, Alan, 93, 229n52, 230n70
Friesen, Wallace. See Ekman, Paul
Frois-Wittmann, Jean, 117–23, 231n101, 232n104

Galison, Peter, 9
Gallese, Vittorio, 219n90
Geimer, Peter, 87
gender, 14–16, 26, 73, 76, 83, 86, 113, 119–20, 197, 218n79
Gesamtkunstwerk, 218n66, 220n100
Gibbens, Alice, 45
Ginsberg, Allen, 148
Goffman, Erving, 129
Grigson, James, 159–60, 236n100
Grossberg, Lawrence, 220n109
Guattari, Félix, 129, 222n143, 234n57
Guinness, Katherine, 120
Gunn, Joshua, 194–96

habit, 45, 58, 61–69, 102–3, 142, 150–51
Hacking, Ian, 150
Hall, G. Stanley, 44
Hamburgische Dramaturgie (Lessing), 18, 88, 120, 201
Han, Byung-Chul, 209
Hansen, Mark B. N., 220n109, 243n10
Hare, Robert, 127–29, 136–61; Psychopathy, 140, 158; Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), 139–40, 158–61, 236n101, 243n165; Snakes in Suits, 155
Harvard University, 2, 26, 44–45, 69, 176, 223n10
Heidegger, Martin, 35
Herder, Johann Gottfried, 20–21, 209
Hermitage House, 175
Hinman, E. L., 218n80
Histoire de la Folie (Foucault), 129, 232n4
Hodgson, Richard, 53, 70
How to Stop Worrying and Start Living (Carnegie), 179–80, 239n66
Hubbard, L. Ron, 2–3, 165–74, 237n11, 240n90; and anti-psychiatry, 149, 166, 174, 185; The Book of E-Meter Drills, 196, 200; Dianetics, 173–84, 189–94, 238n30, 241n101; E-Meter Essentials, 197; Introducing the E-Meter, 197, 241n111; jargon of, 193–94; and military, 177–79; and occult, 183, 195–96, 240n85; Science of Survival, 184, 191–92, 240n72, 242n120; Scientology, 169, 184, 192–93; and self-help, 180–82; transformation of Dianetics into Scientology, 184–88, 191–93, 240n91. See also Dianetics; E-Meter; Freud, Sigmund: influence on Hubbard; Scientology
hypnotism, 55–57, 62–63, 67, 74, 180, 225n48
hysteria, 54–56, 69, 74, 86–87, 129, 175, 228n31

idealism, 30, 46, 62, 132, 188, 201–2, 207
identification, 2, 5, 16, 75, 95, 114, 208–9, 210, 218n79
Illouz, Eva, 181, 201
immaterial labor, 161
“In a Psychological Laboratory” (Stein), 25–26, 34
incarceration, 13, 127–29, 147–54, 158, 161–62, 235n61
incommensurability, 1, 3, 13, 28, 204
indexicality, 47, 73–77, 87–88, 219n90, 228n12
inscription, 2, 10–11, 26–39, 43, 47, 54, 71, 76, 103, 127–45, 151, 155, 161–69, 189, 197, 200–202, 207, 217n52, 221n113. See also media
instinct, 45, 52, 58, 63–66, 90, 151
instruments, 3, 7–16, 24–35, 44, 133, 138, 165–67, 183, 193, 201–10, 230n77
interiority, 1–3, 8–14, 28, 125, 204, 209; measurement of, 4, 7–9, 26–27, 96, 162–63, 199–202; as problem, 16–21, 31, 101–2, 161; and psychopathy, 153–54
intention, 7, 29–31, 47–48, 53, 59–62, 122, 146, 150, 220n106
intimacy, instrumental, 133, 138
Introducing the E-Meter (Hubbard), 197, 241n111
Izard, Carroll, 11, 93

James, William, 2, 26–27, 43, 207; and affect theory, 29–30, 63, 220n109; and experimental psychology, 44–45, 69–70, 223n11; feelings of relation, 23; “hidden selves,” 55–57, 70–71; influence of, 106, 135–36, 142, 150–51, 188, 232n2; personal crisis of, 49–50, 224n36; pragmatism, 43, 46, 68–69; Principles of Psychology, 27, 44–46, 53, 57–59; pure experience, 51–52, 57, 68–69; radical empiricism, 23, 41–43, 46, 57, 62, 223n20; Schopenhauer’s influence on, 49–53, 57, 62–67, 224n36; and spiritualism, 30, 41, 45–46, 50, 53–61, 69–70, 75, 224n38, 225n48; unclassified residuum, 45–46, 69, 88; Varieties of Religious Experience, 49–50; Will to Believe, 50. See also emotion: James-Lange theory; experiments: of James
Jameson, Fredric, 220n109
Janet, Pierre, 54–55, 73–74, 77, 117
judgment, 7–9, 17–23, 27, 56, 76, 87–95, 105–6, 114, 121, 125, 145–47, 152, 158–59, 163, 204
Jung, Carl, 174, 181–82, 241n115

Kant, Immanuel, 18, 20, 30, 195, 218n73, 224n38; and Schopenhauer, 51, 57, 61–62, 220n105, 220n107. See also dualism: Kantian
Kesey, Ken, 129
kinaesthetic, 22–24
Kittler, Friedrich, 5, 36, 165
kymograph, 144

Lacan, Jacques, 222n143, 240n73
Laing, R. D., 129, 148, 234n57
Lange, Carl, 52. See also emotion: James-Lange theory
Laocoön (Lessing), 98, 229n41
Laocoön group (sculpture), 100, 229n41
Latour, Bruno, 69
Lavater, Johann Kaspar, 7–10, 19, 96–97, 100–103, 218n73
law, 137, 143, 149–50, 159, 170, 236n97
law enforcement, 73, 124, 138, 158, 161, 168–69, 176, 210
Le Brun, Charles, 80–82, 98
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 18–21, 116–17, 124, 209, 218n73; Hamburgische Dramaturgie, 18, 88, 120, 201; Laocoön, 98, 229n41
Levinas, Emmanuel, 10, 12, 209
Leys, Ruth, 93, 122, 220n106, 221n116, 229n52
liberalism, 14, 17–18, 201, 231n92, 235n61
libertarianism, 148–49, 155, 201
lie detector. See polygraph
Lightfood, Marjorie, 121, 232n104
Linder, Robert, 155–56
Lipps, Theodor, 17–18, 21–22, 88, 106, 209
Littlefield, Melissa, 133–35
“Little History of Photography” (Benjamin), 89–90
Lucretius, 29, 207, 223n11

madness, 91, 149
Malabou, Catherine, 151–52
Manne, Kate, 218n79
Manning, Erin, 220n109, 222n142, 222n143, 225n60
Marcuse, Herbert, 148, 240n73
Mask of Sanity, The (Cleckley), 156
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 53
Massumi, Brian, 3, 14, 29, 220n109
materiality, 11, 27–35, 39, 96, 204–5, 220n109; anti-materialism (Fechner), 223n11; of cognition, 11, 33, 37–38, 46, 57, 132–33, 145–49, 239n42; of media, 2–4, 31, 167, 206–7, 220n101; medical, 223n20; and the occult, 167–71, 188, 191, 200–201; of theories, 12, 15, 44, 133, 207–8. See also Dianetics: as materialist
Mathison, Volney G., 2–3, 188–92, 241n111, 241n115
Mead, Margaret, 121, 229n58
measurement. See media: and measurement
Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine (Duchenne), 75, 81–87, 98, 100, 113
mechanical objectivity. See objectivity, mechanical
media: and empathy, 208–10; and epistemology, 9–10, 15; erasure of, 2–4, 27, 207; as first philosophy, 10, 39; as material, 11, 50, 202, 206, 217n52, 220n101; and measurement, 3, 5–7, 10–12, 15, 24–25, 169, 221n113; and mediation, 1, 12, 53, 71, 165, 208–10
media archaeology, 1, 35
mediumship, 41, 45, 53, 71
memory, 23, 55, 117, 124, 144; Freudian, 178; vitalist, 174
memory drum, 144
mental illness, 129, 133, 149, 174, 179; and anti-psychiatry, 147; materialist explanation of, 239n42
Merson, Luc-Olivier, 117
metaphysics, 10, 30–31, 43–44, 204; and affect, 2, 30–32, 38–39, 167, 206–7; and alterity, 10, 12, 209; of Dianetics and Scientology, 169, 173, 183, 188, 199–200, 240n85; exclusion of, 102, 167, 210; materialist, 221n114; and photography, 88; positivist, 62; of presence, 36, 38; Schopenhauer, 50, 58; of the soul, 163; spiritualist, 12, 45–46, 51, 56–58, 88, 128, 135; and technological instruments, 9, 12, 28, 165, 199–200, 205
military, U.S., 175–80
mimesis, 20–22, 89–91, 95–96, 116, 120, 235n68
mimetic faculty (Benjamin), 90–91, 95, 114
Mimik und Physiognomik (Piderit), 98–99, 103
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), 140
misery, 5, 26, 29, 49–53, 65
misogyny, 113, 218n79, 220n105, 226n75
Mitchell, Derek: The Psychopath, 157, 236n101
morality, 7, 18–19, 29, 50, 68, 152–54, 162, 182, 208, 224n38
Moravagine (Cendrars), 205
Morris, Errol, 159; The Thin Blue Line, 236n100; A Wilderness of Error, 236n100
Mueller, Georg Elias, 144
Münsterberg, Hugo, 26, 69–71, 176, 179, 223n7, 223n10, 236n97
muscles, 92; facial, 10, 79–83, 98, 102, 119–23; the mind’s, 22
mysticism, 9, 41, 46, 61, 67–68, 71–75, 90, 171, 182–83, 186, 204

narrative, 34, 151, 155
Nātyashāstra, 228n19
neurological decision. See decision, neurological
neurology, 3–4, 10–11, 26, 30–33, 37–38, 46, 56, 63, 74, 80, 92, 122–28, 149, 153, 160, 174, 203–6; of psychopathy, 154, 157–63, 236n101
neuron, 92, 130, 174; mirror, 22; pyramidal, 132, 135
neuroplasticity, 37, 58, 63–69, 151
neuropsychology and neuropsychiatry, 22, 30, 33, 136, 149, 152, 157, 162, 176, 224n38
neurosis, 129, 147, 156, 173, 176, 180, 191
Ngai, Sianne, 14, 220n109, 243n10
Nhâ´ t Ha. nh, Thích, 148
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 24
“Normal Motor Automatism” (Solomons and Stein), 69–70, 227n89
Northwestern University, 106, 176

objectivity, mechanical, 9, 12, 24–26, 161, 165, 172, 204
occult, the, 12, 45–46, 53, 61, 74–77, 87–95, 123, 165–67, 171–72, 182, 188, 195, 200, 208, 238n33
occultic, the, 193–96, 206
Offner, Franklin F., 130. See also Dynograph
optic and haptic vision, 22–23
Ordo Templi Orientis (OTO), 195–96, 200
orgone (Reich), 186–87, 191
Ouiji board. See planchette
Oury, Jean, 129

pain, 2, 29, 34, 65–67, 124, 142–43, 186, 218n80; memory of, 174; visualization of, 77–78, 83–86, 207
Palmer, Daniel David, 186, 241n107
Panksepp, Jaak, 11, 229n55
Parrika, Jussi, 3, 216n49
Parsons, Jack, 195
passions, the, 19, 79–80, 95–96, 123, 228n19. See also emotion: expression of
Pasteur, Louis, 195
Patton, William Weston, 58–61
People of the 20th Century (Sander), 89
performance, 18–20, 74–78, 86–88, 92, 95, 102, 105–6, 113, 116–25, 155, 159, 163
personality, 156; disorders, 133, 147, 152–58, 162, 229n43, 234n39, 235n67, 235n68; secondary, 70; testing, 176, 239n51
personhood, 154
pessimism, 29, 43, 49–50
photography, 208; and Darwin, 101; and death, 227n10; and Duchenne, 79–86, 92, 98; of facial expression, 5, 10–11, 73, 89, 93–96, 109, 113, 145; of Frois-Wittmann, 117–21; and indexicality, 76–77, 87, 228n12; and the occult, 75–76, 88–92, 95, 102, 123; psychiatric, 77–78, 85–86, 92, 227n8; serial, 2, 27, 73–77, 86, 102, 106, 151, 207; and universality, 114, 122–24
physiognomy, 7–10, 19, 80, 90, 95–103, 114
Piderit, Theodor, 89, 98–106, 120, 230n68, 230n70; Mimik und Physiognomik, 98–99, 103
planchette, 27, 41–63, 69–71, 150, 207–8, 225n48
Planchette (Sargent), 45–47, 58, 225n48
plasticity. See neuroplasticity
Plato, 38, 96, 194–95, 207
police. See law enforcement
Pollock, Jackson, 219n90
polygraph, 137–43, 146, 233n28; and E-Meter, 168–70, 197–99
Pomeroy, Jesse, 64–66, 151
pragmatism, 43–46, 51, 68–69
Princeton University, 73, 117
Principles of Psychology (James), 27, 44, 46, 53, 59
prison, 1–2, 73, 127–28, 136–51, 158–59, 163, 207, 235n61; language as, 38
pseudoscience, 1, 7–9, 12, 33, 44, 61, 135, 172, 187
psychiatry, 28, 74, 127–29, 147–49, 156–60, 174–75, 180, 185, 203
psychoanalysis, 36, 90, 117, 165–66, 171–83, 188, 192–95, 203, 207, 227n5, 238n32, 240n73
psychology: and aesthetics, 17, 21–25, 121; and affect theory, 11–13, 30, 33, 37, 206, 215n8, 220n106; applied, 106, 175–76, 179; carceral function of, 129, 150, 158–61, 236n97; critique of, 149, 166, 185; and digital media, 10; discontinuity of, 13; and efficiency, 203; experimental, 17–18, 27–28, 44, 54, 73, 93–94, 165, 171, 175–76, 188; history of, 2–3, 15–16, 21, 32, 35–36, 44, 77; introspective, 43, 223n7; materialist turn, 174; normative dimensions, 14–15, 154, 157, 167, 200; and parapsychology, 74–75; and pseudoscience, 12–13, 51, 71, 77, 88, 135, 165, 172, 222n1; as a science, 25, 36, 44–46, 70–71, 75–76, 128, 204; and self-help, 171, 179; technological foundations of, 4, 11–12, 15, 189, 201–8, 217n52
Psychology of Public Speaking, The (Scott), 106, 176, 179
psychopath, 127–29, 132–33, 138–63, 176, 232n3, 236n101; and other personality disorders, 229n43, 234n39, 235n67, 235n68
Psychopath, The (Blair, Mitchell, and Blair), 157, 236n101
Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, 139–40, 158–61, 236n101, 243n165. See also Hare, Robert
Psychopathy: Theory and Research (Hare), 140, 158
psychophysics, 4, 14–17, 21, 36, 44, 61, 94, 105, 125, 218n80, 220n99
psychosis, 180
pyramidal neurons. See neuron: pyramidal

Quinn, Michael, 139–45, 158

race, 7–9, 13–16, 26, 148, 217n61, 220n99, 226n75, 235n61
Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, 163
Reich, Wilhelm, 174, 185–88, 191, 240n73, 241n99, 241n105
religion, 9, 13, 30, 45–46, 49–50, 58, 61, 68, 80, 204, 207; and chiropractic medicine, 187, 241n107; new age, 195, 166, 171; and psychoanalysis, 182; and reason, 183, 206. See also esotericism; Scientology
remorse, 150–51, 156–62
repression, 45, 48–49, 56–57, 61, 68, 71, 148, 184–86
Riegl, Aloïs, 22
Romanticism, German, 15–16, 20–21, 226n62
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 185
Ruckmick, Christian A., 109–10, 113, 116–17
Rudolph, Heinrich, 98, 113, 119; Der Ausdruck der Gemütsbewegungen des Menschen, 106–9
Russell, James A., 93, 229n52

Salpêtrière, 54–55, 73–76, 83–86, 113, 124, 129, 174, 227n5, 228n31
Sampson, Tony, 243n10
Sander, August, 89–92, 114; People of the 20th Century, 89
Sargent, Epes, 46–48, 224n28; Planchette, 45–47, 58, 225n48
Satanism, 58
Saussure, Ferdinand de, 102
Scarry, Elaine, 2
Schiller, Friedrich, 18, 90, 116, 209, 218n73, 226n62
schizophrenia, 129, 147, 180
Schlosberg, Harold, 94–96, 109, 120–22; Experimental Psychology, 93–95, 101–2, 109, 113, 121, 144, 229n56
Schneemann, Carolee, 148
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 29–30, 43–45, 49–67, 113, 120, 128, 136, 195, 220n105, 220n107, 224n36, 226n75
Schuller, Kyla, 14–18, 226n75
Schumann, Friedrich, 144
Science of Survival (Hubbard), 184, 191–92, 240n72, 242n120
scientism, 206
Scientology, 2, 28, 165–72, 178, 183–89, 193–200, 237n10, 237n11. See also Citizens Commission on Human Rights; Dianetics
Scientology (Hubbard), 169, 184, 192–93
Scott, Walter Dill, 231n82; The Psychology of Public Speaking, 106, 176, 179
Security Checking (Scientology), 199
Sedgwick, Eve Kosofksy, 3, 11, 14–15, 29, 216n42, 220n109
seizures, 132
self-help, 165–66, 171, 175, 179–82, 195, 239n63
Seltzer, Mark, 154–55
sensation, 14–18, 21–24, 29, 54–57, 62–63, 83, 106, 167, 174, 192, 204, 207
sentiment, 13–16, 19–20, 68, 102, 209, 220n109, 226n75
seriality, photographic, 2, 73–77, 86, 102, 119, 207, 228n33
serial killers, 66, 154–55
shades. See physiognomy
Shapin, Steven, 34
Shaviro, Steven, 220n109, 243n10
shell shock, 175–76, 180–81
Shirley, Bettye, 124
Sidgwick, Henry, 53
Skinner, B. F., 70–71, 227n91
sleep, 53–55, 59–60, 132, 135, 163
Sloterdijk, Peter, 183
Smith, Ernest Benjamin, 160
Smith, William L., 53–54, 70
Snakes in Suits (Babiak and Hare), 155
Societies for Psychical Research, 41, 44, 222n1
sociopath, 154, 160; difference from psychopath, 158. See also psychopath
Solomons, Leon M.: “Normal Motor Automatism,” 69–70, 227n89
somnambulism, 55, 60
spectatorship, 19–21, 77, 88, 96, 201
Spencer, Herbert, 106
Spinoza, 29–30, 63, 224n36
spiritualism, 9, 12–13, 41–53, 59–61, 70–75, 94, 135, 172, 204, 223n7, 224n26
Stein, Gertrude, 69, 77, 120, 224n38, 227n91; “In a Psychological Laboratory” (“Radcliffe Manuscripts”), 25–26, 34; “Normal Motor Automatism,” 69–70, 227n89; Tender Buttons, 70–71
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 226n66
Strong Programme, 30–31
Supreme Court, U.S., 159–60
surrealism, 117, 120
Sweezy, Paul, 148
sympathie symbolique, 219n97
sympathy, 13, 16–24, 64–65, 88–91, 101, 114, 209, 226n75, 231n92
Szasz, Thomas, 129, 147–49, 174, 185, 234n57, 239n42

Tagg, John, 73
Taussig, Michael, 10
Technique 88. See Scientology
temporality, 152, 158, 162; cognition of, 133–37; measurement of, 127, 136, 163, 169–70, 208, 232n2; and sequence, 130, 145, 150–55, 207
Tender Buttons (Stein), 70–71
theater. See performance
thetan, 168–69, 184, 188, 192–99
Thin Blue Line, The (Morris), 236n100
Thompson, Joseph C. “Snake,” 177
Titchener, Edward, 21–31, 37, 44, 88–89, 94, 103–6, 116–17, 135, 175, 218n80, 223n10, 229n58, 230n77
Tomkins, Silvan, 3, 11, 93–94, 123, 154, 220n106, 229n55, 229n58
tone (Dianetics and Scientology), 189–92, 196–98, 242n120
Tournachon, Adrien, 79–85, 100
Towns, Armond, 61
trauma, 150, 155, 170–85, 188–92, 200, 204
Ture, Kwame (Stokely Carmichael), 148

unconscious, 57–63, 173; Freudian, 173, 178, 191–92; optical, 89–91, 95, 102, 123; reactive mind (Dianetics), 178. See also repression
universities. See names of specific universities
University of Chicago, 130, 163
University of Iowa, 109

Varieties of Religious Experience (James), 49–50
Vattimo, Gianni, 31
veridiction, 35–36, 76, 188–89
Vischer, Robert, 20–22, 209, 218n78
vitalism, 49, 174, 186, 207, 238n37

Wagner, Richard, 218n66, 220n100
Walter, W. Grey, 127–28, 135–40, 156, 189, 232n2, 233n21, 233n27
Weigel, Sigrid, 92
Wells, Samuel R., 60, 226n66
Wershler, Darren, 3, 216n49
Westbrook, Donald, 184–85, 188, 237n10, 237n11, 238n32, 240n85
Wheatstone, Charles, 169
Wheatstone bridge, 169
Wilderness of Error, A (Morris), 236n100
will, 29–30, 43–45, 49–61, 65–69, 79, 206–7, 220n105, 220n107
Will to Believe (James), 50
Winsor, Anna, 55
Wölﬄin, Heinrich, 22
Woodworth, Robert Sessions, 96, 105, 117, 121, 175, 230n77, 231n101; Experimental Psychology, 93–95, 101–2, 109, 113, 121, 144; personality tests, 176, 239n51
Woodworth scale of emotion, 109, 113, 116, 121–22, 229n54, 231n101
World War I, 117, 175–77
World War II, 130, 175–83
Wright, Lawrence, 237n11
writing. See automatic writing; inscription
Wunderblock (“Mystic Writing-Pad”), 178
Wundt, Wilhelm, 17, 21, 44, 61, 106, 175, 224n28, 224n38

Yao, Xine, 14, 16, 226n75
Yates, Frances, 182–83

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