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table of contents
  1. Cover
  2. Title Page
  3. Copyright Page
  4. Contents
  5. Introduction
  6. Chapter 1. Welcome to the New Real! What Media? Which Mimesis? Why Japan?
  7. Chapter 2. Stereomimesis: Stereograph, Panoramic Parallax, and the 3D Printing of Nostalgia
  8. Chapter 3. Schizoasthenic Media: Record, Reappropriation, and Copyright
  9. Chapter 4. Copycat Rivalries: Teleplay, Mask, and Violence
  10. Chapter 5. Interpassive Ecomimesis: Gaming the Real
  11. Chapter 6. Mediated Expressions: Emoji’s E-mimesis
  12. Conclusion. The Real Renewed: Rendering Techno-orientalism
  13. Acknowledgments
  14. Notes
  15. Index
  16. About the Author

Index

Page numbers in italic refer to illustrations.

Abe Kōbō, 135–37, 138, 141, 149

“About Imitation” (Abe), 135–37

Acland, Charles R., xv

Act on Management Business of Copyright and Neighboring Rights (Japan), 127

Adorno, Theodor W., 32, 33–34, 66

Adventures of Superman (TV series), 130, 155, 164, 170

Akado Suzunosuke, 155, 172

Akatsuga Yukio, 173

Akihabara stabbing (2008), 176

Akutagawa Ryūnosuke, 73

Alien (Scott), 85, 196

Ancient Warrior Costume of the Japanese (photo series), 37

Angus, D. C., 39

anime, 22–23, 162–64, 168, 227

“Annoyed by Copiers/Mimes” (Hagiwara), 133

Apple Inc., 243

Arai Wagorō, 88–89, 90, 109, 113

Arendt, Hannah, 226

Arinamn (vitamin supplement), 156–57

ari no mama, 11

Arisaka rifle, xi

Aristotle, 14, 136, 139, 163

Ariwara no Narihira, 134

Arntz, Gerd, 236, 242, 243

Arrival of a Train at Ciotat Station (film), vii

artificial intelligence (AI), 204

Asakusa tower, 53–54, 55, 57, 60

Asanuma Inejirō, 152

Asanu Tadanobu, 12

Asia (Reynolds), 39

Association of Proletarian Artists, 108

au by KDDI (Japanese company), 12

Auerbach, Erich, 14, 42, 64, 175

Avatar (film), 66

Awazu Kiyoshi, 237

Ayami Nakajō, 250

Azuma Hiroki, 21, 188, 213, 220, 258; computer graphics, 3, 19–20; cyberspace, 3–7; “game-like realism,” 23, 24, 202, 228

Back to the Future (film), 219–20

Ball, Harvey Ross, 253

Ballard, J. G., 3

Balzac, Honoré de, 58

Barad, Karen, 230

Barraud, Francis, 18

Barraud, Mark Henry, 18

Barthes, Roland, 65, 84

Baudrillard, Jean, 46, 78

Bédouin, Jean-Louis, 161

Belasco, David, 93, 98, 119

“Bel di, Vedremo, Un” (Puccini), 94

Benjamin, Walter, 66, 84; Kaiserpanorama, 61; mimetic faculty, 26, 35, 134, 163, 176, 229–32; optical conscious, 3

Bennett, Jane, 31

Berne Convention (1886), 90, 98, 101, 123

Best, Ahmed, 258

Betsuyaku Minoru, 178, 187, 188

Bhabha, Homi, 257

biplanarity, 67

body, embodiment, viii, xv, 2, 3, 34, 47, 66–67, 79, 84, 85–88, 104–5, 128, 162, 164, 204, 207, 227–29, 233–34, 254, 258–59, 266; mediation through, 228–33

Bolter, Jay David, 15, 17, 33, 193, 202, 214

Bonaparte, Napoleon, xv

Brecht, Bertolt, 136

Bredekamp, Horst, 281n4

Brewer, Derek, 26, 176

Brown, Steven T., 135

Buck-Morss, Susan, 35, 232

Burton, William K., 60

“By My Father’s Bed” (Hagiwara Yōko), 69–70

Caillois, Roger, 14, 88, 92, 124, 126

calligraphy, 134

Canon Inc., xii

Capcom, xii

Carter, Jimmy, 74

Cartesianism, x, 47, 48, 56, 60, 71, 233

CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire), 190–91

Chang, Alenda Y., 184

Chaos;Head (video game), 205, 213

Chaplin, Charlie, 137

Chion, Michel, 86

Chikamatsu Monzaemon, 95

“Children’s Play” (Namenake), 155–56

Chun, Wendy Hui Kyong, xv, 8

computer graphics (CG), 3, 19–20, 81, 258

Confession of a Mask (Mishima), 160

constructivism, 230

“Copy and the Mirror, The” (Yoshimoto), 240–41

copycat behavior, xiv, 129–30, 133, 149–50, 167–68, 173, 176, 215

Copycat Crime (Miyabe), 174–76

copyright, xiii–xiv, 86–87, 89–93, 96–103, 108–12, 127–28; Berne Convention on, 90, 98, 101, 123; Rome Convention on, 87, 90, 96–97, 99, 101; of video games, 219

Copyright Association of Japan, 110

Cotes, Peter, 137

Covid-19 pandemic, 36

Crary, Jonathan, 45, 59, 60–61, 64, 66, 80

Crayon Shin-chan (TV program), 163

Credit Game (video game), 225

cultural appropriation, 92, 122–23

Cushing, Peter, 258

cyberpunk, xi, 4

cyberspace, 2, 4–5, 6–7

Cykinso (Japanese company), 82

Dance Dance Revolution (video game), 228

Dazai Osamu, 280n87

Debord, Guy, 77–78

“Decay of Lying, The” (Wilde), 262–63

decisionism, 189, 199, 203, 206, 212

Delany, Samuel, 4

Dentsu (advertising agency), 82

Dassin, Jules, 137

Derrida, Jacques, 4, 40–41, 48, 64, 65, 175

Detective Conan (TV program), 162

digital 3D cameras, xii

dioramas, 58–59

Dittrich, Rudolph, 90, 94

Doki Doki Literature Club! (video game), 214

Doležel, Lubomir, 203

Doom (video game), 214

Dragnet Girl (Ozu), 24–25, 27, 28–29

Dragon Ball (Toriyama), 250

Dreams of a Visionary (Kant), 40

Dr. Slump (Toriyama), 249–50

duplication rights, 127

East Asian Copyright Company, 110

Eco, Umberto, 170

ecomimesis, xiv, 177–225, 260; definitions of, 179, 183–84; interpassive play and, 179–89, 206; Morton’s critique of, 209, 218, 219; sekai-kei likened to, 188

Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, The (Marx), xv

Electronic Literature (Hayles), 204

Emmerich, Roland, 3

emoji, viii, x, xiv–xv, 231–34, 236, 240–54, 264–66

Emoji Movie, The (film), 248

Emoji Novel (“Chicchikichi!”), 245–47

emoticons, 243

Emperor Tomato Ketchup (Terayama), 170

Enami Nobukuni, viii, 37–39, 43–48, 51, 53, 59, 71–73, 84, 266

“Enough Already with Imitative Arts” (Ōoka), 137–38

eroge (sex games), 194, 200

Etō Jun, 195, 197

Facebook, 259

facial recognition, 76

Fairbanks, Douglas, 74

“Famed Dog Nipper’s Dog ’N’ Roll” (Sūshinchū), 32

Famicom (NES, video game system), 180–81, 183

Family Game, The (Morita), 178, 179–82, 215, 216

Fanon, Frantz, 149

fascism, 34, 78, 108

Feld, Steven, xiv, 86–87, 92, 112

Fetchit, Stepin, 258

Finnegans Wake (Joyce), 141, 277n50

Fisher, Carrie, 258

Ford, Gerald, 74

Foster, Hal, 79

Foucault, Michel, 13

Franchetti, Alberto, 108

Frazer, James George, 19

Friend, Gil, 184

Freud, Sigmund, 194

Fuchs, Barbara, 257

Fuhrmann, August, 48, 52, 53

Fuji-san (Ogawa), 39

Fujita Akiko, 219

Fukuda Takeo, 74

Fukushima Game Jam, 222–23

Fukushima nuclear disaster (2011), 21, 222, 259

Fukuyama, Francis, 256

Fukuzawa Yukichi, 297n104

Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 232–33

Gallese, Vittorio, 35

Game of Phones (YouTube video), 248

game theory, 180, 223

gardening, 72

genre fiction, 22, 76, 185

Gibson, William, xi–xii, 2

“Gioconda of the Twilight Noon, The” (Ballard), 3

Girard, René, xiv, 14, 131–33, 141–42, 160, 161

Gitelman, Lisa, xv, 19

globalization, 10

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 14

Gomi Tarō, 249

Google, 243

Gotō Fumio, 101

Grade, John, 140

Gramophone Company, 19

Grant, Cary, 97, 121, 122

Graves, C. H., 37

Great East Japan Earthquake (2011), 259

Greater Japan Musician and Publishers Association, 100

Great Japanese Literary Copyright Protection League, 102

Greenberg, Clement, 14, 23

Griffith & Griffith, 39

Groos, Arthur, 90, 113–14

Grosvenor, Gilbert H., 44

Grusin, Richard, 15, 17, 33, 193, 202, 214

Guillory, John, 1, 13–14

Gulliver’s Travels (Swift), xi, 262

Habermas, Jürgen, 227

Hachikō (Japanese dog), 25–26

Hagiwara Sakutarō, 52, 67–69, 133–34

Hagiwara Yōko, 69–70

Halliwell, Stephen, 14, 16, 39

Hamano Satoshi, 227–28

Hamaya Hiroshi, 156

Hamlet (Shakespeare), 4

Hammerton, John, 39

Hanada Kiyoteru, 160–61, 169–70

Hancock, Herbie, 92, 112

Hansen, Mark B. N., 61, 229, 230–31, 233

Hara, Kunio, 90, 104

Haraway, Donna, 47

Hard-Boiled Woman and the End of the World (Murakami), 178, 185–87

Harimao (TV program), 166

Harris, Paul, 77

Hatano Isoko, 29

Hata Tokichi, 110

Hatchaki Sensei’s Tokyo Game (film), 180

Hatsune Miku, 259

Hayashi Itoko, 115

Hayashi Yūjirō, 261

Hayles, N. Katherine, 204

Hazuki Riona, 242

Hearn, Lafcadio, 117–18

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 230, 256

Heidegger, Martin, 34, 168

heterotopia, 13

Hohenstein, Adolfo, 119–20

Holmes, Burton, 39

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 63–64

homomediation, 33

Horkheimer, Max, 32, 33–34

Hosoma Hiromichi, 53, 59–60, 62

House and Garden, 116–17

Huyssen, Andreas, 35

Hydroid (Japanese company), 82

hypermediacy/hypermediation, viii, 16, 18, 27–33, 202, 214

Imai Asami, 220–21

immediacy, viii, x, 13, 16, 18, 22, 26, 33, 65, 77, 81, 131, 183, 209, 228

Inamasu Tatsuo, 244, 252

information society, 195, 240, 261

interactive fiction (IF), 204

Intercommunication (journal), 3, 6

International System of Typographic Picture Education (Isotype), 236–37, 238, 239, 243

interpassivity, 178–79, 200–201, 205–6, 219

Irigaray, Luce, 14, 87–88, 103, 114, 125, 126

Ishimura Masaru, 32

Itō Chūta, 74

Itoi Shigesato, 196

Japan: The Eastern Wonderland (Angus), 39

Japanese Popular Music (1891), 90

Japanese Red Army, 171

Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers, and Publishers (JASRAC), 99, 102, 127

Japan Music Copyright Association, 100–102

Jay, Martin, 16

jikkyō purei, 179, 213, 218

“Jizuki-Uta” (folk song), 94

Jobs, Steve, x

Johnson, Lyndon, 74

Just Dance (video game), 228

Juul, Jesper, 203

Kabuki, 141

Kaiserpanorama, 48, 52, 53, 59, 61

Kamakura Buddha, 72–73, 74

Kamo Masao, 74

Kaneko Masaru, 171–72

Kanno Yōko, 87

Kant, Immanuel, 40, 64, 76

karaoke, 127

Karasawa Tochiji, 101

Karatani Kōjin, 2, 40, 41, 64, 83, 262

Kasai Kiyoshi, 187–88

Katsutarō Inabata, vii

Kawauchi Kōhan, 145–46

Keller, Helen, 74

Keystone Stereoview Company, vii, 39, 50–51

Kido Shirō, 98, 99, 100–101, 111

Kido Yoshihiko, 98, 102

Kikuchi Kan, 73, 100, 108

Kishi Nobusuke, 74

Kishi Yamaji, 101

Kitching, Alan, 239

Kittler, Friedrich, xv

Kobatake, K., 90

Kobayashi Ichizō, 100, 111

Kobe child murders (1997), 172, 176

Koch, Gertrud, 35

Kōichi Iwabuchi, 264

Koizumi Junichirō, 171–72

Kokoro (Sōseki), 189

Konoe Hidemaro, 100

Kon Satoshi, 85

Kojève, Alexandre, 256

Kubrick, Stanley, 85

Kunishio Kōichirō, 100–102, 103

Kurita Shigetaka, 233

Kuriyama Shigeru, 101

Kuroki Shingo, 62

Kuwakubo Ryōta, 225

Kyō Machiko, 138

Kyoto animation arson (2019), 176

Lacan, Jacques, 3, 4, 6, 147, 153, 188; the Real and realities distinguished by, 16–18, 20–21, 224, 229

Lamarre, Thomas, 81, 162–65

Lang, Fritz, 263

Laramie (TV program), 164

Law Concerning Intermediary Work Relating to Copyright (Japan, 1939), 102

Lectures on Human and Animal Psychology (Wundt), 64–65

Lefebvre, Henri, 63

Lehár, Franz, 97

Lennon, John, 196

Liesegang, Eduard, 44

Lindbergh, Charles, 74

Lippit, Akira, 10

Lippit, Seiji M., 58

“Little Puppy, Nipper” (Hattori Junko), 29, 31–32

LoCos (Lovers’ Communication System), 234, 238, 252

Lone Ranger, The (TV program), 130, 144, 164

Long, John Luther, 93, 98, 113–14, 122

“Loss of a Middle Ground, The” (Betsuyaku), 187

Loti, Pierre, 93, 104, 118

Lumière brothers, vii

M (Lang), 263

Madama Butterfly (Puccini), viii, xiii, xiv, 85–99, 103–7, 110–12, 118–20

Madame Butterfly (Belasco), 98, 119

“Madame Butterfly” (Long), 113–14, 118–19

Madame Butterfly (film), 97–98, 121–22

Madame Butterfly’s Fantasy (Arai), 88–89, 90, 98–99

Madame Chrysanthème (Loti), 118

Madonna, 92

Maeda Ai, 58, 63, 64

Maejima Hisoka, 74

Maejima Satoshi, 188

Magical Girl Madoka Magica (video game), 213

Magnetic Rose (Kon), 85

Mahler, Gustav, 97

Mallarmé, Stéphane, 175

manga, 22–23, 164

Manovich, Lev, 5, 7–8

“Man Traveling with the Brocade Portrait, The” (Rampo), 56

Marcus, Aaron, 238

marketing, vii–xii, 12–13, 24, 26–27, 32, 36, 38, 40–41, 43–56, 60–62, 76–77, 80–83, 98, 104–5, 119, 128, 130, 132, 155–60, 169, 173, 178–79, 180–83, 189–91, 196, 205–6, 214–21, 225, 242–43, 248, 250, 263–65, 278, 282, 286, 304, 309

Maruyama Masao, 33, 34–35

Marx, Karl, xv, 35, 136

Masamune Hakuchō, 139

Massumi, Brian, 56

Masuda Giichi, 100

Masuzawa Takemi, 100, 102, 103

Matsubara Tatsuya, 221

Matsumoto Toshio, 161–62, 163

Maturity and Loss (Etō), 195

McLuhan, Marshall, xi, 23, 183, 231, 233, 296n93

McQueen, Butterfly, 258

Media Do Not Exist (Tamaki), 6

Meguro Jinshichi, 100

Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya, The, 228

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 230

Metabolist movement, 261

metaphysical desire, 132

method acting, 136, 138

Metlicovitz, Leopoldo, 120, 121, 122

Michaels, Walter Benn, 122

Miho Kantarō, 109

Miller, Glenn, 85, 86

mimetic rivalry, xiv

mimicry: artistic, 9, 11, 93, 103, 115, 126; attacks on, 33–34; Caillois’s theory of, 88; of colonizer by the colonized, 260; copycatism and, xiv, 130–32, 135, 137, 140–42, 149–50, 154, 163, 164, 166, 176; in cyberspace, 228, 251, 258; digital music reproduction as, x; as remediation, 22–27, 229; representation linked by media to, 16, 31, 79; representation vs., viii, xvi, 14, 22, 24, 39; stereography as, 39, 42

Minna unchi (Everyone Poops; Gomi), 249

Mishima Yukio, 160

mitate, 11

Mitchel, David, 264

Mitsuhiro, Yoshimoto, xi

missed realism, 17

Miura Tamaki, viii, xiii, 87–97, 103–13, 124–27, 266

Miyabe Miyuki, 174–76

Miyadai Shinji, 189

Miyazaki Tustomu, 176

monomane, 11, 134–37, 139, 141, 146

Montfort, Nick, 204

Moonlight Mask (Gekkō Kamen; TV series), viii, 129–31, 141–49, 151, 154–58, 161, 163–74, 266

“Moonlight Serenade” (Miller), 85, 86

moral panic, xiv, 129, 165, 176–78, 211, 214, 215–16

Moriguchi Tari, 115, 116

Mori Ōgai, 52

Morioka Isao, 73–76, 78, 80, 266

Morita, Akio, 265

Morita Yoshimitsu, 174, 178, 180

Morton, Timothy, 184, 209, 218, 223

“Mother” (Lennon), 196

Mother (Mazā; video game), 196

Moulthrop, Stuart, 204

“Ms. Butterfly at Nagasaki” (Watanabe), 94

Murakami Haruki, 178, 184–85, 187, 264

Mushanokōji Saneatsu, 139

Music Police Squad, 101

Mussolini, Benito, 108

“My Camera” (Hagiwara Sakutarō), 67–68

Myst (video game), 214

Nagai, Y., 90

Nakai Masakazu, 27

Namekawa Michio, 153–56

National Geographic, 44

“Needle of the Gramophone, The” (Masazaku), 27

Neurath, Otto, 236–37, 238, 242, 243, 252

Neuromancer (Gibson), xi–xii, 262

New Tales of Tokyo Prosperity (Hattori Bushō), 58

Ngai, Sianne, 33

NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation), 100

Niklaus, Thelma, 137

Nintendo, 180–81, 183, 222

Nipper (Victor corporate mascot), 16–19, 22, 24–25, 28–33

Noh theater, 11, 134–36, 140, 141, 160

Noma Hiroshi, 280n87

Norisugi Yoshihisa, 100

Novak, Daniel, 46

NTT DoCoMo (internet provider), 6, 242, 243, 264

Ochōfujin (Setouchi), 106

ocular convergence, 66

Oechsle, Rob, 38, 44

Ogawa Kazumasa, 39, 43, 51

Ogi Masahiro, 81

Ohama Hideko, 152, 168

Ohayō (Ozu), 169

Okawada Akira, 199

Olympic Games, 108, 234, 240, 243

Omori Kota, 101

Ono Kenichirō (ceramicist), 100

Ono Kenichiro (executive), 100

“On the Mimetic Fallacy” (Benjamin), 231

Ōoka Shōhei, 135, 137–39, 141, 149

opacity, 66, 114, 124, 134, 137, 141

Open Meal Project, 82

“Open Window, The” (Saki), 3

Ōse Kōichi, 147, 156

Oshii Mamoru, 81

Ōshima Fukuzō, 74

Ōshima Nagisa, 169–70

Ōta Yukio, 233, 235, 237–40, 243, 252

otome (maiden) games, 194, 197, 200

Ōtomo, Katsuhiro, 85

Ōtsuka Eiji, 195

outsourcing, 76, 77

Owen, William Barry, 19

Ōyama Hisako, 91

Ozu Yasujirō, 24, 169

panoramas, 52–64

PanVitan Pere (multivitamin), 157–59

parallax effect, 40

Peoples of All Nations (Hammerton), 39

Perfumer, The (Picart), 248–49

Pfaller, Robert, 178, 179, 206, 212

Photographic Society of Japan, 43

Picart, Bernard, 249

Pickford, Mary, 121

Pictogram Design (Ōta), 233, 235, 237–38, 240, 242

piracy, 215

Plage, Wilhelm, xiii, 87, 89, 96, 98–103, 108–12, 127

Plato, 3, 15, 33–34, 103, 114, 125, 136, 163, 175

“Playing of Phonograph Records and Copyright, The” (Kunishio), 101

Poetics (Aristotle), 136

Pokemon (TV program), 163

Pokemon Go! (video game), 83

Pokémon Shock (1997), 162–63, 165

Pollock, Jackson, 140

Postman, Neil, x

Poulsen, Melissa Eriko, 117–18

presentism, 6, 78

Puccini, Antonio, 110, 111–12

Puccini, Giacomo, viii, xiv, 85–99, 103–7, 109, 111–12, 119

Raine, Michael, 24

Rampo Edogawa, 52, 56, 58, 65, 71–72

Rashōmon (Kurosawa), 138

Reagan, Ronald, 74

Reagan Library (Moulthrop), 204

Reeves, William, 48, 49, 52, 53

Reichsgesetz über die Vermittlung von Musikaufführungsrechten, 101

Reiniger, Lotte, 122

remediation, 7, 12–13, 15–16, 22–27, 33, 229

representation: artistic, 9, 14, 27, 66, 137, 139–41, 176, 214; the body and, 228–29, 261; in cyberspace, 8; in Madama Butterfly, 87, 89, 93, 106, 113–18, 122, 124; media infrastructures and, 240–41; mimicry linked by media to, 16, 31, 79; mimicry vs., viii, xvi, 14, 22, 24, 39; printed word and, 10; the real imitated by, 18–22, 28; stereomimesis and, 39, 42, 79; traditional views of, 3–4, 11

Research in Cultural Homes (Moriguchi), 115

Return of the Real, The (Foster), 79

reverse mimesis, 74, 104, 107, 117, 167, 177, 183, 221, 250

Reynolds, Joan Berenice, 39

Ricordi (music publisher), 98, 99, 120

Riffaterre, Michael, 23

Riviere, Joan, 88

Rokudenashiko (Iganashi Megumi), 79, 80, 81–82, 266

Rome Convention (1928), 87, 90, 96–97, 99, 101

Rorty, Richard, 14, 26

Rotary International, 77

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 5, 228

Rubin, Edgar, 42, 64

Ruggles, Charlie, 121

Ruh, Brian, 211–12

Russo-Japanese War (1904–5), 44, 51, 53

Saitō Tamaki, 6–7, 21, 23, 188, 231–32, 258

Sakamoto Kiyoshi, 44

Saki, 3

sampling, x, 92

Sasaki Mamoru, 144–45

Satoshi Kon, xii

Satō Yutaka, 241–42

Schafer, R. Murray, 86, 92–93

schizophonia, xiv, 86–87, 92–93

Schmitt, Carl, 189

Scott, Ridley, 85

Screech, Timon, 58

Sears, Roebuck and Company, viii, 39

seka-kei, 177–79, 187–90, 194, 197–200, 221–22

self-reflexivity, ix, 198, 228

Sengoku Basara (video game), xii

Senō Kōyō, 94–95

Setouchi Harumi, 106

Sharing for Survival (film), 239

Sherman, Cindy, 45–46

Shift-JIS, 243

Shimazaki Tōson, 100

Shimizu Ikutarō, 152

shinhatsubai, xi

Shinkichi Okada, 137

Shinshōsetsu (journal), 73

Shōchiku (entertainment company), 97–99, 109

Sidney, Sylvia, 97, 121, 122

Simondon, Gilbert, 162

Six Japanese Popular Songs (1894), 90

Skabelund, Aaron, 26

skeuomorphic design, 12–13

smartphones, 189, 193, 202, 204, 206–10, 213–14, 222, 243, 251

social media, 259–60

Solaris (Tarkovsky), 85

somamediation, 33

Sontag, Susan, 66

Sony Corporation, xii, 80

Sōseki Natsume, 189

Spain, Bernard, 253

Spain, Murray, 253

Spectacular Japan (TV program), 138

Squirrel and the American, The (film), 166

Stanislavski method, 136, 138

Stargate (Emmerich), 3

Star Wars films, 258

statuary, 72–74, 77, 78, 81

Steinberg, Marc, 10

Steins;Gate (video game), viii, xiv, 179, 189–215, 219–21

Stendhal, 139

Stereographic Sculptures Corporation, 74

stereography, 39–40

stereomimesis, xiii, 39, 42, 55, 79, 193

stereoscopy, xiii, 43–84

Sterling, Bruce, 4

Stiegler, Bernard, 70

“Storyteller, The” (Benjamin), 231

Strange Tale of Panorama Island, The (Rampo), 71–72

Street Fighter (video game), xii

Street of Love and Hope (Ōshima), 169

Sunagawa Struggle (1955), 145

Super Smash Bros. (video game series), 217

surrealism, 67, 69

Sūshinchū (comedy band), 32

Sushi Singularity (restaurant), 82

Suspensions of Perception (Crary), 59

Swift, Jonathan, xi

syntagmatic space, 63

synthesization, x

Takahashi Yasuo, 145, 149

Takahashi Yoshitaka, 135, 139–40

Takarazuka (Japanese company), 100

Takayuki Kenjirō, 77

Takayuki Tatsumi, 4

Takebayashi Kenshichi, 110

Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 156, 157, 158, 159

Tale of Genji, 134

Tale of the Heike, The, 134

Tales of Ise, 134

Tange Sazen Riding a Horse (Betsuyaku), 187

Tanigawa Ken’ichi, 161

Tani Ken’ichi, 156

Tani Yutaka, 130

Tanizaki Jun’ichirō, 139

Tarkovsky, Andrei, 85

Taussig, Michael, 14, 19, 31, 124–25

Tebaldi, Renata, 87

techno-orientalism, xi, xii, 6, 228, 254–64

television, 77, 78–79, 130–32, 135, 137, 141; copycat behavior linked to, 150–55; film production shaped by, 164–65

“Television Age, The” (Shimizu), 152–53

Television and Children (Namekawa), 153–55

Terada Seiichi, 150

Terashima Jitsurō, 172

Terayama Shūji, 170–71

3D printing, xiii, 76, 79, 80, 81, 84

time travel, 190, 192, 193, 200, 202, 205

“Tiny Colossus” (Terayama), 170–71

Todorov, Tzvetan, 145, 147

TōeiScope, 164

Tōgō Heihachirō, 74

Tōhō Company, 100

Tokuda Shūsei, 100

Tomiko Yoda, 195

Tonuma Kōichi, 261

Toriyama Akira, 249

Travelogues (Holmes), 39

Trial, The (Welles), 3

Tsujiyama Kiyoshi, 172

Tsurumi Shusuke, 238

Turnbull, Colin, 92

Twitter, 259

2001 (Kubrick), 85

Uchimura Naoya, 152

Ueno Chizuko, 195

Ueno Toshiya, 228, 261

Unicode, 243, 244, 250

Uno Tsunehiro, 189, 195, 198, 212, 224

Ustinov, Peter, 239

Usui Yoshito, 164

VAIO netbook, xii

vending machines, 42, 50, 60–63

Victor’s Famous Dog Story (Hatano), 28, 30

Victor Talking Machine Company, 19

video games, xiv, 177–225

Vietnam War, 171

“Views of Japan,” viii

virtual reality (VR), 80, 214

Visualizing Global Interdependencies (report and film), 238, 239

VOCALOID software, 128, 259

Wario’s Woods (video game), 216

war photography, 51, 150

Watanabe Hamako, 94

“Watermelon Man” (Hancock), 112

Welles, Orson, 3

Welsh, Timothy J., 17

Wilde, Oscar, 24, 262

Willème, François, 73

windows, as metaphor, 115–17, 118, 124

Wundt, Wilhelm Max, 64–65

Yamada Kōsaku, 100, 108

Yamagata University, 82

Yamaha Corporation, 128, 259

Yamamoto Yūzō, 100

Yamanashita Hiroaki, 109

Yamashita Toshio, 167

Yamazuki Masazui, 280n87

Yasumasa Morimura, 45

Yawaraka 3D, 82

Yokoyama Taikan, 100

Yoshikazu Yasuhiko, 198

Yoshimoto Takaaki, 240–41

Yoshioka Hiroshi, 179–80, 224

YouTube, 127

Yuta Tamon, 98

Zahlten, Alexander, 10

Zeami Motokiyo, 11, 135, 136, 139, 140, 141

Zielinski, Siegfried, xv

Zigomar (film), 150

Žižek, Slavoj, 2–3, 233

Zuse computer, 8

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The University of Minnesota Press gratefully acknowledges support for the open-access publication of this book from the Department of Asian Studies at Penn State University, with help from the Janssen Family Fund in Asian Studies.

Portions of chapter 4 are adapted from “Masked Justice: Allegories of the Superhero in Cold War Japan,” Japan Forum 26, no. 2 (2014): 187–208; reprinted by permission of Taylor & Francis Ltd., http://www.tandfonline.com. Portions of the Conclusion are adapted from “Not Everyone 💩s; or, The Question of Emoji as ‘Universal’ Expression,” in Emoticons, Kaomoji, and Emoji: The Transformation of Communication in the Digital Age, ed. Elena Giannoulis and Lukas R. A. Wilde, 25–43 (New York: Routledge, 2019); reprinted by permission of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, a division of Informa PLC; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center Inc.

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