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The University of Minnesota Press gratefully acknowledges support for the open-access publication of this book from the Department of Asian Studies at Penn State University, with help from the Janssen Family Fund in Asian Studies.

Portions of chapter 4 are adapted from “Masked Justice: Allegories of the Superhero in Cold War Japan,” Japan Forum 26, no. 2 (2014): 187–208; reprinted by permission of Taylor & Francis Ltd., http://www.tandfonline.com. Portions of the Conclusion are adapted from “Not Everyone 💩s; or, The Question of Emoji as ‘Universal’ Expression,” in Emoticons, Kaomoji, and Emoji: The Transformation of Communication in the Digital Age, ed. Elena Giannoulis and Lukas R. A. Wilde, 25–43 (New York: Routledge, 2019); reprinted by permission of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, a division of Informa PLC; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center Inc.

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