Index
absolute background, 52–53, 55–56, 66, 70–72, 75; in literature, 161; in video, 92
acoustic horizon, 49, 89–90, 199n2
age of subtraction (hikizan no jidai), 136
Ahmed, Sara, 16, 84, 147, 172, 181, 192n43
air, 3, 5, 14, 137, 151–52; audiovisual media and, 86; conditioning, 34. See also kūki; KY; reading the air
AKIRA (Ōtomo), 204n43
Akiyama Kuniharu, 30, 31, 33, 35–38, 198n45; Satie and, 40–43
Ambiant Otaku (Inoue), 64–68
Ambient Addition (Vawter), 199n3
ambient cinema, 126
Ambient Driver, The (Hosono), 62
Ambient series (Eno), 57, 60, 66, 199n53; Ambient 1: Music for Airports, 4, 46–47, 55, 56, 60, 84; Ambient 4: On Land, 54
Ambient Television (McCarthy), 88, 205n17
ambivalent calm, 18, 25, 55, 176. See also calm uncertainty
amenity culture, 32, 34, 211n21. See also comfort
Apoptosis (Tsuchiya), 97–98
Arai Man, 180, 206n24; ambient video and, 90–92, 93; subtractivism and, 136–37, 139
Artificial Intelligence (Warp), 203n34
Ashinano Hitoshi, 204n43
attention, 6, 8, 175, 125, 134; ambient music and, 39, 46–47; attentional economics, 136–37, 212nn29–30; background forms of, 2, 13, 52, 88, 137, 202n30; comfort/pain and, 181; decline of, 194n25; image compositing and, 104, 106, 111, 115, 121–22; reading and, 157; video screens and, 88, 92, 101–2, 113, 115–16, 205n17. See also soft fascinations
attunement: ambient video and, 90, 92; atmospheric, 2, 7–8, 14, 187n2; embodied security and, 51, 54, 74; environmental, 6, 46, 102, 177–78, 182; urban rhythms and, 77, 82, 84–85, 88, 94. See also entrainment
autonomy, 108; musical aesthetics and, 39, 44–47, 66, 194n25, 199n54; neoliberal ideal of, 9, 14–15, 18, 69, 132–33, 177; personal, 11–12, 21, 69, 83, 149, 173; video aesthetics and, 104, 115, 122–23
background music, 21, 125, 169, 193n1; aesthetics, 23–24, 112, 140; ambient music versus, 4, 39, 46–47, 55, 57, 87; avant-garde arguments against, 25, 31–32, 35–38; history of, 25–30; productivity and, 6, 53; Satie and, 39, 42–44. See also Muzak
background video, 86–87, 91–92, 102, 112, 205n18
bakuon. See exploding sound
Befu, Hiromi, 189n19
Being and Time (Heidegger), 6–7, 188n16
Bend It Like Beckham, 147
BGM. See background music
BGM (Yellow Magic Orchestra), 57
BGV. See background video
biopolitics, 10–11, 13–15, 108, 122
Bizzocchi, Jim, 121
Bora, Renu, 147–48
Bull, Michael, 14
burando izonshō, 144–45
Caelum (Tsukahara Kōtaro), 97–98
Cage, John, 199n51, 200n12; Satie and, 40, 44, 196n33, 197n40
calm uncertainty, 47, 162, 168
care, 20, 125, 162, 170, 180; in Oteru moru, 166, 168, 176, 180. See also self-care
Carroll, Noël, 167
Chion, Michel, 206n33
Clammer, John, 173
climate. See weather
Climate and Culture (Watsuji), 7, 188n16, 189n19
clothing, 92, 129, 138, 140–46, 148, 213n41. See also fashion
Cochin Moon (Hosono and Yokoo), 57, 60
comfort, 11, 18, 158, 181, 211n21; ambient literature and, 158, 163–64; debates over, 170–72, 176; environmental design and, 30–32; Expo ’70 and, 33–35, 198n45; iyashi and, 152, 154; music and, 37, 39, 43–44; in Tony Takitani, 141, 145–46
compositing, 98, 104, 106, 108–10, 120; in Ise, 113, 118, 122
contingency, 34, 117–18, 122, 208n23
cosubjectivity, 134–36, 138, 141, 210n20
Davenport, Thomas H., 212n29
Debussy, Claude, 202n30
Deleuze, Gilles, 51–52, 159, 166, 205n11, 216n26
DeNora, Tia, 53–54, 102, 134, 187n2, 192n48
design, 17, 51, 138, 140, 147; Akiyama on, 35–36, 38; atmospheric, 6, 16, 25, 148, 181; environmental, 28, 30–32, 192n42, 198n45; sound, 127, 143
“Dezain suru ongaku” (Akiyama), 35–38
digital signal processing, 71
Doane, Mary Ann, 208n23
embodied security, 52–55, 56, 59, 74, 161, 168
emotional capitalism, 131–32
emotional labor, 141, 152, 175, 189n20
“Energy Flow” (Sakamoto), 142–43
Eno, Brian, 56, 92, 178, 201n18; ambient music and, 4, 20, 46–47, 169, 175–76, 182, 199n51; ambient video and, 206n19, 207n13; Hosono and, 57–60, 201n24; Japan and, 47, 87, 199n53; landscape and, 54–55. See also Ambient series
entrainment, 53, 70, 77, 85, 162, 187n2. See also attunement
environmental art (kankyō geijutsu), 25, 30, 47, 86, 182
environmental music (kankyō ongaku), 4, 28, 30, 34, 59, 90
Environment Society (Enbairamento no kai), 30–33, 35, 87, 194n15, 198n45
ethico-aesthetics, 16
exoticism, 20, 59–60, 74, 202nn29–30
experimental film, 86, 88, 205n15
Experimental Workshop. See Jikken Kōbō
exploding sound (bakuon), 212n30
Expo ’70, 33–35, 38, 45, 198n45, 201n21
fashion, 148, 198n50; industry in Japan, 133, 137–38, 142, 213n41; in Tony Takitani, 126, 129, 142, 145, 147. See also clothing
FAX +49–69/450464, 66–69, 204n39
food, 38, 156, 169, 197n37, 216n34
Foucault, Michel: on governmentality, 10, 216n32; on subjectivation, 9, 15, 16, 108; on techniques of the self, 5, 154, 188n10
From Space to Environment (Environment Society), 30–31, 198n45
Fūdo. See Climate and Culture
furniture music, 39–40, 43, 91, 140, 194n17, 196n33
Furuhata, Yuriko, 191n41, 208n23
fushigi, 157
Geinoh Yamashirogumi, 204n43
gender, 74, 97, 192n43, 201n24; in emotional labor, 141, 152
genre, 167
Ghost in the Shell (Oshii), 209n5
Gibson, James Jerome, 107, 110, 187n3
Goodman, Steve, 212n30
governmentality, 10, 13–14, 182, 191n41, 216n32
Gregorian chant, 34, 39, 195n30
Guattari, Félix, 16, 51–52, 200n6, 205n11
Gumbrecht, Hans Ulrich, 188n12; on atmosphere/mood in literature, 16, 17, 125, 166, 216n26; on Stimmung, 6, 192n47, 192n52
Gymnopédies (Satie), 40, 42, 44–45, 115
Hamizabesu (Kurita), 151, 158, 180
Hatakeyama Chihei, 71–75, 122, 204n43, 204n46
healing (iyashi), 3, 20, 112, 171, 174, 214n1; boom, 152–53, 172; goods, 153–54; media, 17–18; music and, 29, 39, 44, 57; narrative and, 127, 155, 158, 162, 164, 167
healing style (iyashi-kei), 152, 155, 170
Hirata Oriza, 204n43
Hirokawa Taishi, 213n41
Hochschild, Arlie Russell, 189n20
hope, 16, 21, 42, 169, 174, 177
Hosokawa Shūhei, 12, 180, 194n25, 199n54, 202n29, 217n7
Hosono Haruomi, 101, 195n30, 201n24, 201n26; ambient music and, 56–63, 64, 66, 68, 74, 178–79; exoticism and, 59–60, 202nn29–30
Hôtel Mole. See Oteru moru
Ichikawa Jun, 126–27, 141, 143, 210n18, 213n41
Ichiyanagi Toshi, 31, 34–35, 194n17
ignorability, 24, 137, 140, 211n22; as criteria for ambient music, 4, 46, 112, 169
image compositing. See compositing
infantile, the, 13, 170, 202n33
Inoue, Tetsu, 63–69, 71, 74, 203n36
intermedia, 38, 40–42, 194n15, 198n50
Irigaray, Luce, 182
Ise Shōko, 92–93, 104, 207n1; photography and, 118; use of contingency, 120–21, 122; use of image compositing, 105, 113
Ishii Shinji, 158–60
isolationism, 69–70, 72, 148, 204n41
Ivy, Marilyn, 59
Iwabuchi, Koichi, 212n33
iyashi. See healing
iyashi-kei. See healing style
Jameson, Frederick, 171
Jansen, Steve, 104, 105, 114, 207n1
jellyfish, 1–2, 82, 87, 187n1, 187n4
“Jūhachijikan no ongaku yoku.” See “Music Bath at 1800 Hours”
kankō ongaku. See sightseeing music
kankyō geijutsu. See environmental art
kankyō ongaku. See environmental music
Kaplan, Steven and Rachel, 111–12
Kawamura Yuki, 119–20
Kawanaka Nobuhiro, 88–90
Kick the World (Kawanaka), 88–90
Kitaro, 195n30
Kobe earthquake, 70, 153, 214n3
Kōkaku kidōtai. See Ghost in the Shell
Koschmann, J. Victor, 190n29
Kotler, Philip, 28
kūki, 7–8, 189nn21–22. See also air; KY; reading the air
Kūki no kenkyū (Yamamoto), 8, 189n21
Kurita Yuki, 151, 155, 180, 215n13; ambient aesthetics in, 156–68; experience of emotional labor, 175; on hopefulness, 174
Kurokawa Ryōichi, 98–101
KY (kūki ga yomenai), 8, 12, 15–16
Lamarre, Thomas, 107–8, 207n5, 207n7
Lambert, Constant, 44–45
landscape theory, 191n41, 208n23
Lanham, Richard, 212n30
Lasch, Christopher, 170–71, 211n25
Lefebvre, Henri, 77, 80–81, 95
Lemke, Thomas, 188n8
Lukács, Gabriella, 191n35
Manovich, Lev, 108–10, 121, 137–38
Matsutake Hideki, 201n21
McCarthy, Anna, 85, 88, 205n17
McGee, Micki, 173
melancholy and mourning, 142, 144–48, 214n48
Mercuric Dance (Hosono), 58, 61–63
Milutis, Joe, 52–53
Minimal Self, The (Lasch), 170–71, 211n25
Minima Moralia (Adorno), 73
Minima Moralia (Hatakeyama), 71–74, 122
Mita Munesuke, 191n35
Miyadai Shinji, 13, 70, 191nn35–36, 204n43
Mori Masahiro, 208n19
Morioka Masahiro, 170
Morita Akio, 199n3
Moriyama Daidō, 208n23
Mujirushi ryōhin (Muji), 136, 138–40, 213n39
Murakami Haruki, 136, 199n1, 210n17, 215n25, 216n34; and ambient literature, 155, 165, 169, 202n30, 215n16; and “Tony Takitani,” 126, 127, 144, 145, 146, 209n6, 214n44
“Music Bath at 1800 Hours” (Unno), 26–27
“Music That Designs” (Akiyama). See “Dezain suru ongaku”
musique d’ameublement. See furniture music
Muzak, 5, 28–31, 169, 194n13; Akiyama on, 36–37; ambient music compared to, 23, 46, 175; Inoue and, 74; Murakami and, 169; Satie contrasted with, 39
Nakagawa Osamu, 194n19
Nakajima Yoshimichi, 21
Nakamata Akio, 155, 164–65, 215n16
Nakazawa Shinichi, 59, 61, 201n24
Namlook, Pete, 66, 68–69, 204n39
neoliberalism, 84, 173, 216n43; definition, 188n8; self/subjectivation under, 14–15, 23–24, 108, 177–78
new academicism, 207n4
Ngai, Sianne, 37, 125, 192n44, 195n28
Noema (Ise), 122
Obscure Records (label), 57, 199n51, 201n18
oceanic feeling, 63, 66, 71, 202n33
Oguma Eiji, 171
Opticks (Newton), 3
Oshii Mamoru, 209n5
Oteru moru (Hôtel Mole), 151, 156–68, 175, 202n30, 215n13
Ōtomo Yoshihide, 204n43
Paik, Nam-Jun, 206n19
paperback book as medium, 164, 215n24
Pinkus, Karen, 4
+Intersection (Ise), 93–95, 121
postclassical music, 204n44
reading the air, 7–8, 15–17, 21, 181–83. See also KY
repetition, 3, 38, 81, 197n40; compulsion, 144–46, 214n48; in everyday life, 93, 95, 133, 144, 164; of mood cues, 3, 127, 187n2
Reynolds, Simon, 69–70
rheo: 5 horizons (Kurokawa), 98–101
Richie, Donald, 126
Rickert, Thomas, 192n42
Rolland, Romain, 202n33
Rose, Nikolas, 13, 108, 132, 190n26, 215n8; on techniques of subjectivation, 9–10, 12, 177
Sakai, Naoki, 7–8, 189n18, 190n24
Sakamoto Ryūichi, 57, 126, 142–43, 179, 198n50, 207n1
Sakuteiki, 117–18
sanmushugi, 135
Satie, Eric, 25, 38–46, 91, 143, 196–97nn33–37, 198n50; ambient music and, 4, 46–47, 60, 86, 198n51
Scarry, Elaine, 159–61
screen architecture, 82, 106, 110, 113–15, 121–22; in urban space, 80, 85–88, 101, 205n17
security, 200n8. See also embodied security
self-care, 53, 57, 83, 130, 144; ambient media and, 12–13, 17–18, 112; ambient subjectivation and, 5, 104; governmentality and, 10; neoliberalism and, 23, 106, 174, 188n8; Satie as figure for, 40, 47; therapy culture and, 153–54, 170–71, 173
self-help, 8, 17, 132, 152, 173
Seo Inwoo, 146
shallow depth, 104, 113, 115–16, 176
Shaviro, Steven, 206n33
Shibuya (Tokyo), 49, 86, 139, 197n36, 213n36
shinjinrui, 135–36
sightseeing music (kankō ongaku), 59, 60, 63, 139
Sigrist, Peter, 211n22
Simmel, Georg, 133–34
Sloterdijk, Peter, 188n16
Smith, Greg M., 187n2
social withdrawal, 82–85
soft fascinations, 111–17, 122, 138, 158, 159
soundscape, 20, 30, 49–51, 89, 178. See also acoustic horizon
Speedometer (Takayama Jun), 92–97
Stimmung, 6–7, 9, 17, 192n47, 192n52
Stockhausen, Karlheinz, 34
studio-based music production, 58, 66, 109, 199n51
Studio Voice, 56
subtractivism, 127, 130, 137–41, 147–48, 180, 212n30
Summer Afternoon (Ise), 95–97
surface, 113, 122, 141, 144–49, 159–61, 207n8; and depth, 10, 45, 103–4, 106–8, 115–16, 119
Swimming in Qualia (Ise), 103–6, 111, 113–17, 122
Sylvian, David, 207n1
Takagi Masakatsu, 118–20, 122, 207n1
Takahashi Aki, 40, 43–44, 197n36
Taki Kentarō, 206n21
Tanaka Ikko, 140
Tanaka Satoshi, 153–54
Tanaka Yūji, 33–34
techniques of the self, 5, 9, 154, 177, 188n10; ambient, 5, 23, 85, 104; therapy culture and, 11–12
technologies of the self, 8, 12, 14, 17, 171, 188n10; mood regulation and, 125, 146, 152, 164, 165; music as, 38, 69, 178; video as, 83, 102
therapy culture, 44, 177, 191n31, 191n36; ambient media and, 17–18, 154–56, 166, 175; critiques of, 169–73, 216n40, 216n43; in Japan, 12, 133
Thibaud, John-Paul, 50–51
Thrift, Nigel, 16
Thursday Afternoon (Eno), 47, 87
Tokyo, 211n21; built environment in, 49, 86, 101, 181, 206n32, 213n36; 1964 Olympics and, 31, 49, 153, 213n36, 214n44; personal space in, 83, 84, 135. See also Nakano; Setagaya; Shibuya
Tomita Isao, 63, 201n21, 202n30
Tony Takitani (Ichikawa), 126–30, 133, 135, 140–49, 209n6; soundtrack to, 126, 141–44, 145–46, 148, 214n48
“Tony Takitani” (Murakami). See Murakami Haruki
trigger warnings, 216n43
Truax, Barry, 89, 199n2, 200n4
Tsuchiya Takafumi, 97–98
2350 Broadway (Inoue and Namlook), 68–69
Ueda Noriyuki, 214n1
Ueno Chizuko, 12
Ueno Yōko, 171
uncertainty: in ambient literature, 159; in ambient media, 18, 182; in ambient music, 45–47, 55, 70, 72, 75; in ambient video, 112, 115; in Japan, 44, 74. See also calm uncertainty
Urusai Nihon no Watashi (Nakajima), 21
Vattimo, Giovanni, 180
Vawter, Noah, 199n3
Vexations (Satie), 42, 197n40, 206n24
Viola, Bill, 87
Walkman, the, 47, 212n33; autonomous listening and, 12, 82, 199n54; filtering soundscape with, 50–51, 199n3
Watsuji Tetsurō, 6–7, 9, 20, 188n15, 189n18, 190n24
weak self, 180
weather, 8, 72, 79, 125, 188n12; patterning of, 80, 81, 96–97; Watsuji and, 7; weathering, 118
world music, 39, 59–61, 62, 195n30
Yagi Kōsuke, 171
Yamaguchi Katsuhiro, 87
Yamamoto Yohji, 138, 142, 213n41
Yamane Yumie, 145
Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO), 57, 58, 63, 178–79, 201n21
Yoda, Tomiko, 170
Yoshida Nobuko, 156
Yoshimi Shunya, 138–39, 213n34, 213n36