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History on the Edge: Index

History on the Edge
Index

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Notes

table of contents
  1. Cover
  2. Half Title Page
  3. Series List
  4. Title Page
  5. Copyright
  6. Contents
  7. Preface
  8. Prologus historiarum Britanniae
  9. 1. Arthurian Border Writing
  10. Totius insulae
  11. 2. Historia in marchia: Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Colonial Itinerary
  12. 3. Ultra Sabrinam in Guallias: Resistance to the Past in Wales
  13. 4. Here to Engelonde: Settling into the English Present
  14. Trans marinis
  15. 5. L’enor d’Engleterre: Taking over the Past from Normandy
  16. 6. En la marche de Gaule: Messages from the Edge of France
  17. 7. In Armoricam: Bloody Borders of Brittany
  18. Epilogus historiarum Britanniae
  19. Notes
  20. Bibliography
  21. Index
  22. About the Author

Index

  • Abbreviation, 59, 62, 63, 73, 92, 159, 160
  • Abel, 199
  • Abraham, 118
  • Achelon River, 243
  • Adam, 140, 195, 199, 201
  • Adela of Normandy, 172
  • Adèle of Champagne, 172
  • Adrastus, 205–7
  • Adrian, 102
  • Adultery, 9
    • in First Variant, 75
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 43, 52, 58
    • in Gesta, 242
    • in prose cycle, 169, 179, 188, 191, 214, 217–19
    • in Robert’s Historia, 88, 126
  • Aelred of Rielvaulx, 140–41, 152, 195
  • Aeneas, 47, 73, 68, 150, 206, 208, 226, 229
  • Aeneid, 206. See also Virgil
  • Aethelred, ix, 107–9
  • Aethelred’s mother, 107, 110
  • Aethelstan, 51, 67, 87, 103, 118, 124, 160
  • Aethelwulf, 107
  • Africa, 41, 92, 245
  • Agnatic, 46, 101, 189
  • Agravain, 217
  • Agriculture: in Gesta, 224–25, 230, 233, 238–39
    • in prose cycle, 182–84
    • in Roman de Brut, 142–45, 151–53, 164. See also Landscape; Reproduction
  • Alain, 183–84, 191
  • Albanactus, 37
  • Albania, 36–37, 41, 55, 72. See also Scotland
  • Albanus, 102
  • Albin, 85, 86
  • Albion, 31, 35, 36, 50, 78, 92, 100, 142, 155, 165, 228
  • Aldroenus, 69, 264n20
  • Alfred, 48, 62, 107, 108, 112, 116
  • Alice of Brittany, 223
  • Allegory: of America, 248–51
    • of armor, 18–19, 210–11
    • Christian, 182–83, 189, 196–97, 210–11
    • ethnic, 43–44, 55, 80–82, 95–97, 109, 146–47, 234, 236, 238–40, 242
    • of swords, 20, 124, 202. See also Analogy; Eagles; Fish; Marvels; Typology
  • Ambivalence, xii, xiii, 16–17, 25, 30, 60, 129, 134, 137, 147, 181, 194–95, 207–8, 248, 250: in Brut, 121, 122
    • in First Variant, 64, 71, 75, 76
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 29, 30, 34, 37, 40, 43, 44, 46, 50–52, 54, 55, 58, 60, 63, 72, 73, 90, 112, 133, 136, 166, 170, 171, 222, 247
    • in prose cycle, 171, 173, 177, 185, 191, 193, 202, 216, 221, 246–47
    • in Roman de Brut, 138, 154
  • America, 248–51
  • Amesbury, 113
  • Amnesia. See Memory
  • Anachronism, 112, 113, 117, 159, 228
  • Anacletus, 29, 57, 97, 98, 229
  • Analogy, x, 159, 196, 238
  • Anderson, Benedict, 10, 253n19
  • André, 164, 209
  • Androgeus, 264n20
  • Angevins, 11, 27, 55, 61, 137, 141, 164. See also Plantagenets
  • Angles, x, 84, 135
    • in Brut, 95, 101, 103, 113, 117
    • in First Variant, 64–65, 67
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 48, 49
    • in Gesta, 227
    • in Robert’s Historia, 95, 101
    • in Roman de Brut, 145, 151, 155. See also Anglo-Normans; Anglo-Saxons; English; Saxons
  • Anglia, 67. See also England
  • Anglo-Normans, 77, 111, 124, 171, 172. See also English; French; Normans
  • Anglo-Saxons, 9, 70, 84, 120. See also Angles; English; Saxons
  • Angry, 208
  • Anjou, 55, 125, 134, 136, 138, 140, 141, 163
  • Annales Cambriae, 22
  • Antenor, 135–36, 172
  • Antioch, 124
  • Apostrophe, 59
    • in First Variant, 67, 69
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 56, 104
    • in Gesta, 222, 228, 231–35, 240, 242
    • in Robert’s Historia, 104, 106–7
  • Aquitaine, 33, 34, 229
  • Archaism, 112
  • Archgallo, 143
  • Architecture, 4, 245
    • in Brut, 91–93, 246
    • in First Variant, 66
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 36, 38, 40–43, 246
    • in Gesta, 230, 246
    • in prose cycle, 181, 185–88, 208, 246
    • in Robert’s Historia, 90, 91–93, 246
    • in Roman de Brut, 148–49, 163, 246. See also Boundaries; Castles; Landscape; Metropole; Roads; Round Table; Stonehenge; Towers; Walls
  • Argos, 205, 207
  • Arimathea, 182
  • Aristocracy, 11, 124, 171, 173, 175, 177, 188, 194–95, 220–21, 223. See also Castles; Chivalry; Fantasy; Genealogy; Resistance
  • Armor, 18–19, 53, 73, 162–63, 119–21, 206, 213–14, 236–38, 248. See also Lance; Shield; Swords
  • Armorica: in Brut, 98–99
    • in First Variant, 63, 66–69
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 30, 38–41, 43, 45, 50, 136
    • in Gesta, 226–27, 229, 231–33, 240, 264n20
    • in Roman de Brut, 144, 158. See also Brittany
  • Armoricans, 151, 240. See also Bretons
  • Arthur, xi, 11, 15–16, 18–19, 22, 24, 82, 129, 139, 164, 222–23, 245–47, 250, 254n27
    • armor of, 22, 53–54, 73, 148, 208, 219, 235–47
    • in Bern manuscript, 135
    • in Brut, 92, 93, 99–100, 103, 115, 119–23, 247, 257n17
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 78
    • crown of, 55, 62, 64, 72, 124, 164, 217
    • death of, 58, 76, 103–4, 118–19, 122–23, 127–28, 135, 161, 185, 190, 196, 219–20, 243–44
    • in Estoire, 185, 190
    • in First Variant, 62, 64–65, 67, 72–76
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 30, 39, 46, 52–59, 136, 164, 196, 255n56
    • in Gesta, 224, 226, 233–44
    • in Lancelot, 185, 211, 212
    • in Malory, 247
    • in Merlin, 185, 192–93, 195, 202–9, 216, 218, 219, 264n99
    • in Mort, 172, 177, 182, 184, 186, 187, 197, 217–21
    • in prose cycle, 171, 177, 181, 183, 188, 191, 198, 203, 210, 213
    • in Queste, 213, 214
    • in Robert’s Historia, 96, 103, 104, 118–19, 123–28
    • in Roman de Brut, 136, 138, 145, 147, 148, 150, 152, 161, 162–70
  • Arthur of Brittany, 110, 128, 222–23
  • Arviragus, 47, 55, 88, 148, 150
  • Asclepiodotus, 255n41
  • Assaracus, 149
  • Assimilation, 13, 96, 155, 177, 247. See also Mimicry
  • Assume River, 184
  • Astrolabe, 248, 249
  • Athens, 207
  • Athionard, 99
  • Audience: of Brut, 85–87, 103, 111, 114, 122, 123
    • gender of, 86–87, 178, 225
    • of Gesta, 224–25, 229, 230
    • of prose cycle, 173, 178, 188, 194
    • of Robert’s Historia, 88, 110, 113, 116
    • of Roman de Brut, 111, 141–43, 146, 159. See also Historiography; Social status
  • Auguselus, 56, 75, 121, 125, 165, 239
  • Augustine, missionary, 78, 85, 86, 102, 104–5, 114, 228, 256n17, 257n50
  • Augustine of Hippo, 194
  • Augustus, 119
  • Aurelius, emperor of Rome, 102
  • Aurelius, king of Britain, 40–41, 47, 48, 92, 104, 112, 117, 148, 159, 228, 231, 256n29
  • Avalon, 53, 54, 58, 73, 76, 120, 122, 124, 162, 233–34, 243–44
  • Avon River, 90, 143
  • Avranches, 166
  • Bacon, Roger, 259n92
  • Bade, 158
  • Baldric, 200–201, 214–15
  • Baldwin IX, 210
  • Ban, 208
  • Barbarians, 27, 39, 50, 70, 79, 114, 158
  • Bassianus, 47
  • Bath, 96, 258n49
  • Baudrillard, Jean, 19
  • Baumgartner, Emmanuèle, 262n21, n30, n36, n45, n46; 263n50, n53, n90
  • Bec, 134–35
  • Beckett, Thomas, 106, 110, 124, 228
  • Bede, 30, 31, 48, 51, 62, 63, 67, 85, 90, 114, 227
  • Bedver, 55, 72, 74, 120, 125, 239
  • Belinus, 164
    • in Brut, 91, 100
    • in First Variant, 65, 256n17
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 40, 53, 56, 65, 255n41, n42
    • in Gesta, 230–31
    • in Merlin, 209
    • in Robert’s Historia, 91–92
    • in Roman de Brut, 143, 147–48, 165. See also Roads
  • Bellona, 240
  • Benoît de Sainte-Maure, 87, 141, 172, 203. See also Chronique des dues de Normandie; Roman de Troie
  • Beowulf, 20, 119
  • Bern manuscript, 135, 150
  • Bethlehem, 119
  • Beyond the Marches, 262n39
  • Bhabha, Homi, x, 2, 3, 9–10, 13, 15, 16, 247, 255n51
  • Bible, 193–94, 210
  • Bilingualism, 13, 48, 111, 115, 117, 154, 193–94, 257n13. See also Language
  • Bithynia, 126
  • Blaise, 177, 204
  • Blanche of Castille, 223
  • Blanche of Champagne, 171, 172
  • Bloch, R. Howard, 12, 32, 173, 176, 187, 255n26, 262n4, 263n57, n64, n85
  • Bohort, 183, 209, 214, 215, 220
  • Borders, x–xi, 1, 2, 10, 44, 60, 181, 220
    • homage in, 8, 172
    • and identity, 103, 188, 200–201, 210–13, 218–19, 224, 247
    • and violence, 1, 8, 17, 22, 239–40
    • and writing, xi–xii, 2, 4, 9, 13, 14, 16, 25, 30, 60, 70, 133, 171, 174–76, 247. See also Ambivalence; Boundaries; Space
  • Boundaries, x–xi, 8
    • and force, 1, 55, 170, 245
    • formation of, 16, 22, 143, 220, 234, 248
    • and identity, 5, 9, 66, 93, 95, 111, 133, 164, 215, 245–46
    • legal, xi, 4–5, 245
    • and time, 14–16
    • and writing, xii, 128, 246. See also Dominion; Ethnicity; Inquietatione; Space; Swords
  • Bourdieu, Pierre, 16, 247
  • Brenhinedd y Saesson, 62
  • Brennius, 58, 100, 146–48, 164, 255n42
  • Bretons, 9, 11, 15, 25, 136, 158, 166, 222–28, 231–33, 235, 238–40, 244, 247
    • and language, 226. See also Armoricans; Britons
  • Brian, 250, 257n17
  • Bristol, 83
  • Britain, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 15, 33, 76, 83, 133, 135, 153, 245, 246, 250, 251
    • in Brut, 89, 106, 113, 114, 118, 121
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 80, 81
    • in Estoire, 181–83, 197–98, 216
    • in First Variant, 63, 68, 69, 72
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 30–32, 35, 38–40, 47, 50, 54–55, 57, 143, 145, 181, 245
    • in Gesta, 224, 228, 230, 233, 235, 240, 242, 243
    • in prose cycle, 177, 182, 184–86, 188, 192, 204, 209, 213–16
    • in Robert’s Historia, 90, 115, 125
    • in Roman de Brut, 137, 138, 155, 163–65. See also Albion; Cornwall; England; Glamorgan; Glastonbury; Islands; Northumberland; Orcanie; Scotland; Sorelois; Wales; Wasted Land
  • Britons, ix, 4, 9–11, 13–15, 31, 51, 60, 61, 74, 77, 84, 133, 135, 137, 154, 172
    • in Bern manuscript, 135
    • in Brut, 93–95, 97–103, 106, 118, 120–23
    • in First Variant, 63, 65, 67–72, 75
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 27, 30, 32, 39, 43, 47–49, 58, 136, 246
    • in Gesta, 222, 228–29, 231–36, 240–42, 264n20
    • and language, 48, 112, 115–17, 120, 149, 154, 156, 246
    • in prose cycle, 190, 216
    • in Robert’s Historia, 90, 93–95, 101–6, 109–10, 113, 125–28, 258n54
    • in Roman de Brut, 136, 144–46, 148, 150–51, 153, 160, 161, 165, 167–69. See also Armoricans; Bretons; Cornish; Exile; Welsh
  • Brittany, 8, 134, 137, 140, 166–67, 222, 229
    • in Brut, 99–100
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 46, 52, 136, 181, 245
    • in Gesta, 233, 235, 239
    • in Merlin, 204
    • in Robert’s Historia, 99–100, 105
    • in Roman de Brut, 136, 158, 165. See also Armorica
  • Brut, 83–87, 89–104, 106, 111–23, 128–29, 246–47, 249–50, 257n17
    • compared to Brut y Brenhinedd, 103, 112, 114, 123
    • compared to First Variant, 95, 118, 123
    • compared to Geoffrey’s Historia, 91–92, 96, 98, 103, 118, 123
    • compared to Gesta, 225, 229
    • compared to prose cycle, 178, 186, 188
    • compared to Robert’s Historia, 89–123, 128–29
    • compared to Roman de Brut, 85–86, 89–93, 95–96, 98, 106, 114, 118, 120, 123, 137, 147, 153, 166. See also Christianity; Conquest; Ethnicity; Historiography; Language; Laʒamon; Otho redactor; Space; Time
  • Brut, London French, 128
  • Brut y Brenhinedd, 77–82, 246–47, 257n54
    • compared to Brut, 103, 112, 114, 123
    • compared to First Variant, 137
    • compared to Geoffrey’s Historia, 78
    • compared to Robert’s Historia, 89, 118
    • compared to Roman de Brut, 153, 170. See also Christianity; Conquest; Ethnicity; Historiography; Language; Space; Time
  • Brutus, 12, 15, 73, 78–79, 84, 182–84, 248, 250
    • in Brut, 90, 91, 97, 117
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 257n54
    • in First Variant, 63, 64, 68
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 29, 30, 32–39, 41, 44, 47, 51, 229
    • in Gesta, 222, 229–30, 234–35, 243
    • in prose cycle, 204
    • in Robert’s Historia, 89, 95, 98, 118
    • in Roman de Brut, 142–45, 147–50, 152–53, 155–56, 158, 160
  • Brut y Tywysogion, 61, 62, 77
  • Burgundy, 182
  • Cadioc, 222–25
  • Cador, 74, 121, 125, 148, 164
  • Cadvan, 39, 255n42
  • Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan, 27, 61, 77
  • Cadwallader, 27, 216
    • in Brut, 90, 93, 103, 118
    • in First Variant, 67, 69–70
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 43, 48, 52, 185, 196, 250
    • in Gesta, 234
    • in Robert’s Historia, 94, 105
    • in Roman de Brut, 161
  • Cadwallo: in Brut, 103
    • in First Variant, 64, 68
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 40, 46, 53
    • in Gesta, 226, 228
    • in Robert’s Historia, 105
    • in Roman de Brut, 137, 145
  • Caen, 138, 140
  • Caerleon, 72, 122, 157–58, 164
  • Caermarthen, 121
  • Caesar, 254n27: in Brut, 100, 118, 121
    • in First Variant, 68, 72
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 46–47, 55
    • in Gesta, 229, 234, 239
    • in Robert’s Historia, 100–101, 118–19, 258n35, n54
    • in Roman de Brut, 136, 147, 150–52, 160, 164
  • Cain, 199
  • Calendars, 112, 118, 119
  • Caliburn, 21, 22, 254n27, n43
    • in Brut, 119–23, 247
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 78, 246–47
    • in First Variant, 72–76, 246–47
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 52–59, 246
    • in Gesta, 222, 235–44, 247
    • in Robert’s Historia, 123–28, 219, 247
    • in Roman de Brut, 162–70, 246–47. See also Escalibor; Excalibur; Swords
  • Calidonia, 18, 191, 205, 206
  • Calliope, 224
  • Cambula River, 242–43
  • Camelot, 171, 181, 183, 193, 208
  • Cannibalism, 249–50, 255n47, 261n73
  • Canterbury, 104, 124
  • Capetians, 11, 172, 192. See also Monarchy
  • Caradoc of Llancarfan, 29, 62
  • Caradocus, 47, 68, 100
  • Carolingians, 173. See also Charlemagne;Monarchy
  • Cartography, 3, 5–7, 9, 14, 30, 33, 35, 42, 81, 143, 195, 249
  • Cassibellanus, 47, 55, 64, 68, 100
  • Castle of the Thong, 95
    • in Brut, 92, 106, 246
    • in First Variant, 66
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 42–43, 49
    • in Gesta, 230, 246
    • in prose cycle, 185
    • in Robert’s Historia, 92, 118, 246
    • in Roman de Brut, 246, 258n41
  • Castles, 36, 66, 105, 181, 186. See also Architecture
  • Castration, 97, 188, 191, 250. See also Reproduction
  • Cat, 164, 209
  • Cedric, 104
  • Celtic, 74
  • Ceremony. See Chivalry; Coronation
  • Cernel, 158
  • Chaldean, 192. See also Hebrews
  • Chalybs, 206
  • Champagne, 8, 134, 171–73, 177, 181, 182, 191–92, 194–95, 210, 220, 222, 223
  • Channel, x, xi, xii, 5, 39, 46, 133, 137, 182, 185, 211, 222. See also Water
  • Channel Islands, 137
  • Chanson de Roland, 20, 254n29
  • Charlemagne, 11, 28, 254n27. See also Carolingians
  • Chartres, 138
  • Charybdis, 225
  • Chastity, 109, 182, 188, 190–91, 233, 239. See also Reproduction
  • Cheldric, 21, 57, 121, 124, 236–37, 241
  • Chivalry, x, 18–20, 138, 140, 171, 176, 203
    • in Brut, 99
    • in prose cycle, 173, 177, 188, 190, 195, 202, 209–11, 213–19
    • in Robert’s Historia, 88, 117, 123–28, 247, 258n45, n54
    • in Roman de Brut, 143. See also Vassalage
  • Chrétien de Troyes, 171–72
  • Christ, 20, 78, 194, 201, 236
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 79
    • in First Variant, 69, 72
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 52
    • in Gesta, 228, 236
    • in prose cycle, 177, 178, 186, 193, 196, 197, 199, 202
    • in Robert’s Historia, 92, 101, 102, 116, 118–19, 124, 258n35
  • Christianity, 48, 60, 146, 193–94, 245–46
    • in Brut, 95, 103–4, 117–18, 123
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 78
    • in First Variant, 67–69, 73
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 53–54, 67
    • in Gesta, 222, 226, 228, 236–37
    • in prose cycle, 175, 178, 181–83, 185, 187, 190–91, 197–98, 210–11, 217, 220–21
    • in Robert’s Historia, 89, 95, 101–11, 117, 123–26, 128
    • in Roman de Brut, 162, 169. See also Adam; Allegory; Bible; Christ; Christians; Church; Conversion;Dominion; Eve; Flood; God; Heaven; Hell; Holy Cross; Mary; Monasticism; Old Testament; Relics; Religion; Sin;Time; Trinity
  • Christians, 116, 248
    • in Brut, 86, 87, 94, 101, 112, 120–21
    • in First Variant, 69, 256n29
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 47–48, 256n29
    • in Gesta, 225
    • in prose cycle, 215–16
    • in Robert’s Historia, 88, 101, 112
    • in Roman de Brut, 152. See also Cistercians; Crusaders; Dominicans
  • Chronique des dues de Normandie, 87, 141. See also Benoît de Sainte-Maure Church, 20, 106, 179, 193–94, 202, 210, 217, 223
  • Cicero, 56
  • Cid, 20
  • Cirencester, 148
  • Cistercians, 62, 172, 180
  • City. See Metropole
  • Clanchy, M. T., 19
  • Clarence, 212
  • Claudius, 47, 50, 101, 150, 254n13
  • Cnut, 108–9, 125
  • Coercion. See Force
  • Colcos, 203
  • Colonialism, x–xi, xiii, 2–3, 28
    • Briton, 30
    • English, ix, 40, 65–66, 77–78, 90, 94, 106, 222–25
    • Norman, 25, 29, 60–61, 65–66, 74, 90, 95, 112, 123, 135, 138, 141. See also Assimilation; Conquest; Domination; Foreigners; Imperialism; Liberty; Natives; Postcolonialism; Resistance; Translation
  • Conanus: in Brut, 98–99
    • in First Variant, 68
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 38–39, 45
    • in Gesta, 226, 231–33, 235, 239, 264n20
    • in Robert’s Historia, 99
    • in Roman de Brut, 151
  • Conquest, 15, 134
    • and writing, 22, 28–29, 33, 48–49, 58, 71, 85, 88, 112, 123–24, 128, 138, 144, 154, 156, 173, 177, 238. See also Colonialism; Craftiness;Dominion; Exile; Expansionism; Force; Gain; Gaste; Genocide; Hegemony;Landscape; Legitimacy; Trauma
  • Constance of Brittany, 222
  • Constans, 228
  • Constantin, 151
  • Constantine, Arthur’s successor, 233
  • Constantine of Brittany, 164
    • in First Variant, 67–68, 76
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 39, 49, 56
    • in Merlin, 209
    • in Robert’s Historia, 100, 104, 128
    • in Roman de Brut, 150, 165
  • Constantinople, 210
  • Conte, 177–78, 179, 192–93, 196, 198–99, 203, 205
  • Conversion, 194, 227
    • in First Variant, 67
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 47–48
    • in Gesta, 228
    • in prose cycle, 179, 182–83, 192, 209
    • in Robert’s Historia, 104, 119
  • Coranians, 80, 82
  • Corbenic, 184, 201
  • Corineus, 82, 135, 249
    • in Brut, 90–91, 120
    • in First Variant, 63
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 30, 33–35, 41, 46, 49
    • in Gesta, 229–30
    • in prose cycle, 204
    • in Robert’s Historia, 90–91
    • in Roman de Brut, 142
  • Cornish, 127–28, 136
  • Cornwall, 35–37, 52, 55, 93, 127–28, 137, 155
  • Coronation, 193, 197–98, 202. See also Monarchy
  • Craftiness, 41, 98, 114, 120, 246. See also Engin; Magic; Quointise
  • Crusaders, 98, 106, 124, 173, 210, 228, 255n47, 261n73
  • Cunedagius, 51, 255n41, 256n17
  • Cymbeline, 117
  • Dafydd, 77
  • Dampierre, 194
  • Danes, x, 84, 106–10, 135–36, 168, 256n2. See also Scandinavians
  • Dates, 51–52, 72, 79, 92, 117–19, 128, 159–60, 195–96, 258n35. See also Time
  • David, biblical, 18, 189, 197, 199, 201, 213–15
  • David of Scotland, 140
  • Davies, R. R., 51, 73, 76, 253n11, 254n1, 255n29, n37, n54
    • 256n5, n10, n13, n18, n21, n25, n26, n31, n38, n39, n40, n55
  • De Certeau, Michel, 2, 14, 15–16, 248, 265n3
  • Dedications. See Patronage
  • Deleuze, Gilles, 4
  • Demetia, 55, 72
  • Denmark, 107, 108, 163
  • Descriptio, 3–4, 225
    • in Brut, 85–86
    • in First Variant, 63, 67
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 30–33, 36, 38–39, 43, 44, 63
    • in Gesta, 229, 233–34, 243–44
    • in prose cycle, 182–84
    • in Robert’s Historia, 90, 91, 102, 104, 125
    • in Roman de Brut, 138, 142–44
  • Devil. See Satan
  • Diana, 33, 39, 90, 230
  • Dinabuc, 148, 165–66, 169
  • Dinoot, 104, 228, 256n17
  • Diocletian, 102, 226
  • Diomedes, 206, 208
  • Divinity. See Christianity
  • Dolorous Guard, 185
  • Dolorous Stroke, 201
  • Domination, 2, 28, 30, 82, 134, 170, 173, 176, 245. See also Colonialism;Dominion; Language; Law; Swords
  • Dominicans, 194
  • Dominion, 49, 174, 247
    • Arthur’s, 73, 76, 129, 247
    • of Britain, 2, 135
    • Breton, 239, 244
    • Briton, 15, 32, 39, 47–49, 51, 56–58, 63, 67–72, 74, 93–95, 97, 103, 118, 125, 144–45, 154, 234–35, 246
    • of Brittany, 222
    • in Brut 92–95, 97, 103–4, 106, 112–13, 117–18, 122, 246–47
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 81
    • of Champagne, 194
    • Christian, 175, 178, 183, 185
    • English, 41, 92, 94, 97, 104, 111, 117–19, 123, 155, 160, 164, 222, 227, 246–47
    • in First Variant, 60, 63, 66–73, 76
    • French, 222
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 32, 34–35, 39–43, 47–49, 52, 54–58, 196, 246
    • in Gesta, 222, 229–35, 239–40, 246
    • legitimacy of, 52, 54, 60, 106, 113, 147, 170, 200–222, 234
    • Norman, 135, 155, 160
    • in Robert’s Historia, 92–95, 104–6, 111–13, 117–19, 123, 125, 128, 246
    • in Roman de Brut, 144–45, 147, 153, 155, 156, 158, 160, 166, 170, 246
    • royal, 177, 186
    • Saxon, 66, 95, 104–6, 112–13, 117–18, 196, 246
    • Welsh, 60–61, 63, 65, 72, 73, 76–78, 94–95, 128. See also Conquest; Descriptio; Insula; Regne; Territory
  • Dorchester, 114
  • Dragons, 43, 53, 81, 226, 236–37
  • Dubbing. See Chivalry
  • Dubricius, 53, 124
  • Duby, Georges, 11
  • Dudo of Saint-Quentin, 136, 146–47
  • Duels: in Brut, 120–21
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 46, 54–55
    • in prose cycle, 208–9, 218–19
    • in Robert’s Historia, 123, 125
  • Dunstan, 107, 109, 119
  • Dunvallo, 148, 255n41, 256n17
  • Durendal, 17, 19, 254n27, n43
  • Eagles, 96–97, 146–47
  • Eborac, 158
  • Ebraucus, 45
  • Edmund Ironside, 108–9, 125
  • Edward Aetheling, 109, 110
  • Edward I, 19, 65, 77–78, 84, 124, 125
  • Edward the Confessor, 84, 106, 108–11, 128, 140
  • Edward the Martyr, 107
  • Edwin, 103, 105, 228
  • Egypt, 101
  • Eldadus of Gloucester, 254n13
  • Eldol of Gloucester, 254n13
  • Eleanor, Edward I’s cousin, 77
  • Eleanor of Aquitaine, 86, 141
  • Eleanor of Provence, 84, 86
  • Eleutherius, 102
  • Emma of Normandy, ix, 107
  • Endogamy, 9, 44–48, 68, 98, 150–51
  • Enfrid, 105
  • Engin, 98, 138, 146–49, 199–200, 215, 260n18. See also Craftiness
  • England, ix, 1, 5, 8, 25, 28, 30–31, 55, 83, 106, 116, 133–34, 136–37, 164, 222, 259n92
    • in Brut, 92, 95, 103, 113–14, 118, 121
    • in prose cycle, 182, 188, 196
    • in Robert’s Historia, 89, 90, 92, 102, 107, 109, 110, 112, 115–18, 125, 258n35
    • in Roman de Brut, 139, 150, 153, 155. See also Anglia; Loegria
  • English, ix, x, 25, 61–62, 64–67, 77–78, 83–84, 87, 90, 106, 111–12, 114, 116, 124, 128–29, 137, 140, 164, 222–23
    • in Brut, 90, 92, 94–95, 97, 101–4, 112, 114, 117–18, 120, 122–23, 247
    • in First Variant, 70
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 40, 41, 50
    • in Gesta, 224–27
    • language, 13, 48, 50, 79–83, 86–89, 106, 111–17, 149, 154–57, 259n92
    • in Robert’s Historia, 88, 92, 94–95, 98–99, 101–2, 104–12, 119, 123–24, 246–47
    • in Roman de Brut, 155, 157–58, 160. See also Angles; Anglo-Normans; Anglo-Saxons; Saxons
  • Ephesians, 210
  • Eroticism, 30, 49, 91, 169, 248–51. See also Adultery; Homoeroticism; Incest; Marriage, Miscegenation; Rape; Reproduction
  • Escalibor, 21
    • in Merlin, 192–95, 202–3, 206, 208–10, 218
    • in Mort, 216–21
    • in prose cycle, 176–77, 212–13, 247. See also Caliburn; Excalibur; Swords
  • Espec, Walter, 152
  • Essa, 69
  • Estoire, 171, 173, 176–85, 189–93, 196–203, 209–10, 213–14, 216, 220–21. See also Prose cycle
  • Estrildis, 37, 38
  • Ethelbert, 67
  • Ethelfrid, 105
  • Ethnicity, x, xii, 2, 9–11, 13, 16, 25, 29, 43, 116, 128–29, 245–47, 250
    • in Brut, 84–85, 89–90, 93, 95–111, 123
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 79–82
    • in First Variant, 66, 68–70
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 37, 43–48, 140
    • in Gesta, 226–28, 234, 236
    • in prose cycle, 187–92, 199
    • in Robert’s Historia, 95–111
    • in Roman de Brut, 139, 146–47, 163. See also Allegory; Boundaries; Genealogy; Kunde; Leod; Miscegenation; Peoples
  • Ethnography, 17, 32
  • Etiocles, 205, 207
  • Etymology, 11–12, 14, 16, 21, 59, 246, 254n43
    • in Brut, 106, 113–15
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 79
    • in First Variant, 64, 70–71
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 30, 36–37, 50
    • in Gesta, 222, 226–28
    • in prose cycle, 176, 192–95, 197, 202, 206, 246
    • in Robert’s Historia, 92, 93, 113–15
    • in Roman de Brut, 153–58. See also Language
  • Euphrates River, 18, 182
  • Europe, 2, 8, 125, 245, 248. See also Britain; France; Germany; Ireland; Italy;Scandinavia
  • Eve, 199, 201
  • Evelach, 182, 189, 192
  • Evesham, 83, 88, 111
  • Excalibur, xi, 19, 21, 254n46. See also Caliburn; Escalibor; Swords
  • Exile: of Britons, 27, 43, 67, 99, 161, 181, 196, 216, 222, 224–25, 234–35
    • of Lancelot, 185
    • of Tydeus, 205
    • of Trojans, 34
  • Exogamy, 9, 44–45, 47–48, 98, 101, 151, 190
  • Expansionism, xii, 22, 134, 137, 162, 174–75, 245–47
    • in Brut, 100, 121
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 38–39, 43–44, 51, 58
    • in Gesta, 222, 230, 234, 240, 247
    • in prose cycle, 182–83
    • in Robert’s Historia, 125
    • in Roman de Brut, 142–44, 146, 149, 152, 154, 163, 168, 170. See also Imperialism; Inquietatione-, Kinship; Swords; Territory
  • False Guenivere, 212
  • Family. See Kinship
  • Fantasy, 3, 4, 74, 88, 173, 188, 213, 229, 248, 253n13
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 80–82
    • in First Variant, 76
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 44, 55, 136
    • in Gesta, 229–30
    • in prose cycle, 175, 191, 195, 203, 210, 216, 220
  • Fécamp, 135
  • Ferrex, 152
  • Feudalism. See Vassalage
  • First Variant, 59, 60–76, 133, 246–47
    • compared to Bern manuscript, 135
    • compared to Brut, 95, 118, 123
    • compared to Brut y Brenhinedd, 137
    • compared to Gesta, 226, 229–31, 239
    • compared to prose cycle, 188, 192
    • compared to Robert’s Historia, 95, 123, 126
    • compared to Roman de Brut, 137, 142, 146–47, 150–51, 158, 160, 162, 164, 168–70
    • as source for Brut y Brenhinedd, 78
    • as source for Robert’s Historia, 89
    • as source for Roman de Brut, 91, 95, 118, 136–37, 141–43, 145, 148, 159. See also Christianity; Conquest; Ethnicity;Historiography; Language; Space; Time
  • Fish, 43–44, 96, 147, 182, 234, 236, 238–40, 242
  • Flanders, 163, 164, 172, 173, 177, 210, 223
  • Flemish, 11, 173, 210
  • Flood, 79, 118, 119, 257n54
  • Force, xii, 3, 15–18, 29, 82, 129, 134, 137, 229, 245–47
    • in Brut, 93, 95, 97, 99, 120, 123, 247
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 247
    • in First Variant, 72–76, 247
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 38, 41, 53–54, 56
    • in Gesta, 231–33, 235, 237, 239–40, 247
    • in prose cycle, 185, 211, 218–19
    • in Robert’s Historia, 95, 97, 105, 125–26, 247
    • in Roman de Brut, 138, 141, 146–49, 156–58, 162–65, 167, 169, 247. See also Armor; Borders; Dominion; Duels; Legitimacy
  • Foreigners, 86, 111
    • in Brut, 93, 96, 99, 102, 113, 116
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 79–82
    • in First Variant, 70–71
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 39, 46–50, 52, 255n42
    • in Gesta, 224, 233
    • in Robert’s Historia, 102, 107
    • in Roman de Brut, 156–58. See also Barbarians; Miscegenation
  • Foreign Islands, 184
  • Forgetting. See Memory
  • Fortune: in Gesta, 228, 231–32, 234–36, 246
    • in prose cycle, 197, 246
    • in Roman de Brut, 159–60, 170, 246
  • France, 1, 8, 79, 136, 138, 164, 171, 177, 233, 254n27
    • representations of, 117, 121, 125, 136, 163, 167–78, 171, 211. See also Anjou; Aquitaine; Brittany; Champagne; Gascony; Gaul; Gaunes; Lorraine; Normandy
  • Franks, 134, 226. See also French; Gauls
  • Fratricide, 9, 36, 38, 43, 47, 188, 191, 205, 242
  • French, 11, 61, 76, 151, 181, 222, 223
    • language, 13, 76, 86, 111–16, 124, 133, 137–39, 149, 154, 173–74, 181, 192–93, 259n92, 262n7
    • representations of, 74, 110, 157, 168, 151. See also Angevins; Flemish; Franks; Gauls; Normans; Poitevins; Savoyards
  • Frithewith, 84
  • Frollo, 21, 54–55, 74, 120–21, 125, 136, 163–64, 238
  • Gaimar, xii, 13, 88
  • Gain, 90, 138, 142–45, 151, 184, 208, 211, 238–39
  • Galahad, 176–77, 182–83, 189, 195–97, 200–201, 213–16, 219
  • Galant, 206
  • Galefort, 183
  • Galehot, 184–86, 191, 200–201, 212–13, 231
  • Galle, Philippe, 248, 250, 265n3
  • Galle, Theodor, 248, 250–51
  • Gascony, 164
  • Gaste, 90, 142–45, 183–84, 201–2, 217
  • Gaul, 57, 136, 171, 189, 209, 234, 242. See also France
  • Gauls, 45, 54, 224, 230
  • Gaunes, 220
  • Gawain, 17
    • in Brut, 115, 121–22
    • in Gesta, 240
    • in prose cycle, 190, 193, 209–10, 212, 214, 216–19
    • in Roman de Brut, 146, 162, 164, 167
  • Genealogy, 9–12, 14–16, 27, 32, 44, 59, 77, 140–41, 172–73, 176–77, 195, 221, 223, 246–48
    • in Brut, 84–85, 95, 98–111, 120
    • in First Variant, 60, 63, 68, 72–73
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 30, 33, 35, 37, 43–47, 50, 52–53, 55, 101, 136
    • in Gesta, 226, 230, 235–36, 238
    • in prose cycle, 173, 176–77, 179, 183, 187–92, 196–99, 201–4, 206–10, 214–16, 218, 220
    • in Robert’s Historia, 95, 98–111, 140
    • in Roman de Brut, 139, 146, 149, 151, 162
    • in Roman de Thébes, 205
    • in Roman de Troie, 206. See also Adultery; Agnatic; Eroticism;Homoeroticism; Incest; Kinship; Legitimacy; Marriage; Matrilineal; Miscegenation; Rape; Reproduction
  • Genocide, 33, 80
  • Genvissa, 47
  • Geoffrey of Anjou, 134, 138, 140, 141
  • Geoffrey of Monmouth, xi, 11, 13, 15, 22, 25–29, 48–49, 58, 62, 71, 88, 135, 138, 181, 224. See also Historia regum Britanniae
  • Geoffroi de Villehardouin, 210
  • Geography. See Space
  • Gerald of Wales, 2, 5, 26, 181
  • Germans, 78, 112
  • Germany, 45, 48, 98
  • Gesta Normannorum ducum, 135, 137
  • Gesta regum Britanniae, xii, 19, 222–44, 247, 264n20
    • compared to Brut, 229
    • compared to First Variant, 226, 229–31, 239
    • compared to Geoffrey’s Historia, 222, 226–29, 234, 236–37, 240–42
    • compared to prose cycle, 178, 229, 231, 235–36
    • compared to Robert’s Historia, 228, 239, 244
    • compared to Roman de Brut, 166, 222, 225, 231, 238–39. See also Christianity; Conquest; Ethnicity; Historiography; Language; Space; Time
  • Gesta Stephani, 1
  • Geta, 47
  • Ghosts, ix–x, 33, 71, 77, 79, 81, 154, 203, 225–26
  • Giant of Mont Saint-Michel, 249
    • in Brut, 99–100, 122, 249–50
    • in First Variant, 64
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 46
    • in Gesta, 239–40
    • in prose cycle, 209
    • in Robert’s Historia, 99–100, 123, 125
    • in Roman de Brut, 148, 165–66, 169
  • Giants, 82, 188
    • in Brut, 90–92
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 78
    • in First Variant, 63–64
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 34–35, 39, 41, 45–46, 49
    • in Gesta, 230
    • in prose cycle, 185–86, 196, 201–3, 208
    • in Robert’s Historia, 90–91, 125
    • in Roman de Brut, 142. See also Corineus; Dinabuc; Goemagog
  • Giants’ Ring. See Stonehenge
  • Gildas, 30, 31, 36, 48, 62, 112
  • Gillingham, John, 27, 254n3, 255n39, n53
    • 258n21, 259n91, n94
  • Girflet, 219
  • Glamorgan, 27, 61, 83
  • Glastonbury, 104, 108, 127–28, 244
  • Gloucester, 27, 28, 83, 88
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 47, 50, 254n13
  • Glouis, 50
  • God: in Brut, 84–86, 93, 94, 114, 120, 121
    • in First Variant, 70, 72, 73, 74
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 53
    • in Gesta, 228, 231–32, 234, 235, 237, 242
    • in prose cycle, 177–78, 182–84, 186–87, 189, 192, 200–202, 206, 209, 210, 214, 216
    • in Robert’s Historia, 105–8, 110, 111, 119, 124–25
    • in Roman de Brut, 144, 162, 166
    • in Roman de Rou, 141
  • Goemagog, 30, 34–36, 43, 49, 63, 90–91, 142, 230, 249
  • Goffar, 33, 230
  • Golden Fleece, 88, 203
  • Gorboduc, 51
  • Gorlois, 69
  • Gormund, 67, 92, 97, 144, 146, 148, 160, 255n42
  • Goswhit, 120
  • Grail, 176–77, 183–84, 190–91, 198, 210
    • in Estoire, 183, 201, 216
    • in Merlin, 186
    • in Queste, 189–90, 195, 213–16, 220
  • Greece, 52, 149, 181, 204–9, 226
  • Greeks, 35, 45, 48, 191, 203–10
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 32–33, 35, 45, 229
    • in Gesta, 223, 229–30, 243
    • in prose cycle, 191, 203–4, 210
    • in Roman de Brut, 147, 149–50
    • in Roman de Thèbes, 205
    • in Roman de Troie, 206
  • Gregory, pope, 101–2, 114, 227
  • Griffin, 121
  • Gruffydd ap Cynan, 61
  • Guenivere: in Brut, 122
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 78
    • in First Variant, 64, 75
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 52, 58
    • in Gesta, 242
    • in prose cycle, 185, 189, 191, 211–14, 217–18
    • in Robert’s Historia, 126
    • in Roman de Brut, 169
  • Guernsey, 137
  • Guethenoc, 223
  • Guiderius, 113
  • Guillaume de Saint-Pair, 166–67
  • Guiot manuscript, 171–72
  • Guithelin, 51
  • Gurguit, 92
  • Gwendolen, 37, 38, 115
  • Habren, 37, 38, 47, 70, 90, 115, 122, 229
  • Hamo, 48, 113, 122, 148, 154, 158, 185
  • Hampton, 113, 158
  • Hanning, Robert W., 138, 254n40
    • 254nl
    • 255n20, n21, n32
    • 261n47, 262n18, 263n94
  • Harold, son of Cnut, 108
  • Harold, son of Goodwin, 109
  • Harthecnut, 108–9
  • Hastings, Battle of, 119
  • Heathens. See Pagans
  • Heaven, 102, 240
  • Hebrews, 181, 183, 188–91, 197–99, 216, 256n2
    • and language, 192–95, 202, 206. See also Jews
  • Hegemony, 3, 13, 15, 38, 65, 77, 80, 93, 112, 152, 159, 162, 175, 185, 188, 194, 215–16. See also Conquest; Imperialism
  • Helen, Galahad’s grandmother, 189
  • Helen, Penda’s sister, 103
  • Helen of Brittany, 46, 99–100, 122, 125, 165–66, 169, 239–40
  • Helenus, 149
  • Hell, 91, 101, 181, 229. See also Satan; Styx River
  • Hengist, 81, 95
    • in Brut, 92, 106, 112, 246
    • in First Variant, 66, 69, 256n29
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 42–43, 47, 49, 256n29
    • in Gesta, 230, 246
    • in Merlin, 185
    • in Robert’s Historia, 92, 104, 112, 117–18, 125, 246
    • in Roman de Brut, 144, 152, 246
  • Henry I, 26, 27, 28–29, 35, 88, 101, 108, 109, 110, 134, 166, 172
  • Henry II, 26, 29, 61, 86, 88, 109, 110, 134, 135, 139, 140–41, 146, 163, 172, 180, 189, 195, 222
  • Henry III, 77, 83–84, 86, 88, 107, 110, 123, 125, 223
  • Henry of Champagne, 182
  • Henry of Huntingdon, 15, 29, 31, 62, 88, 112, 134–35, 140
  • Henry Tudor, 78
  • Hercules, 203–5, 207
  • Hilt, 18, 21, 198–200, 202–3, 208, 212
  • Hippocrates, 203
  • Historia Brittonum, ix, x, 22, 31, 44
  • Historia regum Britanniae, 1, 2, 5, 9, 14, 15, 19, 21, 25–59, 136, 164, 185, 196, 229, 246, 250, 254n29
    • compared to Bern manu-script, 135
    • compared to Brut, 91–92, 96, 98, 103, 118, 123
    • compared to Brut y Brenhinedd, 78
    • compared to Gesta, 222, 226–29, 232, 234, 236–37, 240–42
    • compared to prose cycle, 171, 178, 181–82, 185, 188–89, 191, 195–97, 202, 209, 217, 219
    • compared to Robert’s Historia, 123, 127
    • compared to Roman de Brut, 137–38, 142–45, 151–55, 158, 160, 163–64, 166–68
    • Continental reception, 26, 133–36, 222, 244
    • as source for First Variant, 60–76
    • as source for Robert’s Historia, 83, 88, 90, 94, 98–100, 102–7, 112, 114, 118, 124–26
    • as source for Wace’s Roman de Brut, 133, 136, 147, 162. See also Christianity; Conquest; Ethnicity; Geoffrey of Monmouth; Historiography; Language; Space; Time
  • Historia rythmis Anglicanis, 81–84, 87–119, 123–29, 246–47, 258n35, 45, 49, 54
    • compared to Brut, 89–123, 128–29
    • compared to Brut y Brenhinedd, 89, 118
    • compared to First Variant, 89, 95, 123, 126
    • compared to Geoffrey’s Historia, 83, 88, 90, 94, 98–100, 102–7, 112, 114, 118, 123–27
    • compared to Gesta, 228, 239, 244
    • compared to Otho redactor, 128
    • compared to prose cycle, 98, 178, 188, 195, 219
    • compared to Roman de Brut, 87, 89, 98, 123, 127, 137, 147, 153, 160, 166. See also Chivalry; Christianity; Conquest; Ethnicity; Historiography; Language; Robert of Gloucester; Space; Time
  • Historiography: and borders, xii, 2, 6, 128, 246
    • in French prose, 173–74, 262n7
    • as pedagogy, 16, 27, 87, 90, 97, 141, 201, 225, 234
    • presentist, 112, 117, 139, 155, 159–61, 196–97
    • as therapy, xi. See also Abbreviation; Ambivalence; Apostrophe;Audience; Conquest; Fantasy; Irony;Manuscripts; Orality; Paradox; Patronage;Prayer; Prose; Refrain; Romance; Runes; Satire; Time; Truth Claims
  • Hoel, 56, 75, 99, 121, 125, 136, 164–66, 226, 239
  • Holy Cross, 22
  • Homage, 8, 172. See also Vassalage
  • Homer, 223
  • Homoeroticism, 9, 34, 43, 46, 185, 191, 212–13. See also Adultery; Eroticism; Incest; Marriage; Miscegenation; Rape; Reproduction
  • Hue de Rotelande, 180
  • Hugh of Saint Victor, 194
  • Humber River, 5
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 31, 36–38, 41, 245
    • in Gesta, 229
    • in prose cycle, 184, 185
    • in Robert’s Historia, 101, 105
  • Hybridity, 10, 13, 86, 137, 141. See also Postcolonialism
  • Identity. See Ethnicity
  • Imitation. See Mimicry
  • Imperialism, 4, 11, 21, 114, 226
    • in Brut, 93, 118, 122–23
    • in First Variant, 76
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 30–31, 39, 53–55, 57–58, 246
    • in Gesta, 222, 233–34, 239, 242, 246
    • in prose cycle, 173, 175, 184, 186–88, 191–92, 197, 202, 209–10, 216–17, 219–20, 246
    • in Robert’s Historia, 119, 258n45
    • in Roman de Brut, 141, 143, 150, 154, 163, 166
    • and writing, 13, 29. See also Expansionism; Hegemony; Legitimacy; Rome; Rouen
  • Incest, 188, 191, 205, 218, 221, 242
  • India, ix–x, 33
  • Indigenous. See Natives
  • Ingenius, 255n42
  • Ingham, Patricia Clare, 4, 253nl, n4, n3
    • 265n2
  • Ingledew, Francis, 44, 51, 135, 136, 260n32
  • Inheritance, 37–38, 44, 64, 222–23, 226
    • in Brut, 97
    • in First Variant, 73
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 42, 54
    • in Gesta, 224–25, 231–34, 238
    • in prose cycle, 204, 216, 219–20
    • in Roman de Brut, 139, 142, 145–53, 160–62, 170
    • in Roman de Thèbes, 205. See also Kinship; Matrilineal; Partibility; Primogeniture
  • Innogen, 33, 35, 45, 47, 98, 229–30
  • Inquietatione, 30, 40, 51, 56, 89, 234–35, 244. See also Boundaries; Expansionism; Quietatione
  • Insula, 38–40, 60, 64–68
  • Iny, 40, 65, 93, 94, 105
  • Ireland, 140
    • in First Variant, 63
    • in prose cycle, 41, 183, 186, 203
    • in Robert’s Historia, 101, 258n35
    • in Roman de Brut, 144, 148, 163
  • Irish, 189, 190, 256n2
  • Irony, 4, 43, 70, 122, 129, 173, 176, 180–81, 207, 212, 219–20
  • Island of the Giant, 196, 203
  • Islands, 3, 5, 13, 30, 95, 181. See also Avalon; Britain; Channel Islands; Insula; Loegecia
  • Italians, 264n18
  • Italy, 45
  • Ivor, 40, 64, 93, 94, 105, 226–27
  • Jason, 88, 203
  • Jeanne of France, 172
  • Jerome, 193
  • Jersey, 137
  • Jerusalem, 182
    • in prose cycle, 171, 173, 181, 182, 188, 190, 209
    • in Robert’s Historia, 102, 106, 119
  • Jews, 101, 102, 107, 192–95. See also Hebrews
  • Joan, 77
  • John, king of England, 77, 83, 107, 110, 128, 222–23
  • John of Marmoutier, 141
  • Josephé, 182–83, 191–93, 197–98, 213
  • Joseph of Arimathea, 182–83, 186, 190, 215, 216
  • Joyous Guard, 185, 188, 217
  • Judea, 52. See also Jerusalem
  • Jupiter, 241
  • Kaerlud. See London
  • Kaerperis, 49, 70
  • Kai, 55, 74, 125
  • Kamber, 37, 77, 79, 158
  • Kambria, 36, 37, 47, 50, 68. See also Wales
  • Kent, 118
  • Kinrik, 104
  • Kinship, 9, 11, 30, 32, 68, 136, 140, 150, 173, 246
    • in Brut, 99–100, 112
    • in First Variant, 68, 73
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 43, 46–47, 58, 135
    • in prose cycle, 187–88
    • in Robert’s Historia, 97, 99–100, 112, 127–28
    • in Roman de Brut, 136, 141, 146, 149–53, 162–63, 167, 169. See also Fratricide; Genealogy; Incest;Inheritance; Marriage; Patricide
  • Knighthood. See Chivalry
  • Kunde, 95, 97, 99, 101, 107, 109–11, 124, 129, 140. See also Ethnicity
  • Lady of the Lake, 18, 210–13
  • Lakes, 177, 219–20, 231. See also Water
  • Lambor, 201
  • Lance: Arthur’s, 53, 73, 120, 162, 219, 236–37, 241
  • Lancelot, 18, 171, 216
    • in Estoire, 185, 189
    • in Lancelot, 185, 189, 200–201, 210–13, 215
    • in Mort, 183–85, 189, 196, 200–201, 214, 217–20
    • in Queste, 189, 201, 213, 214
  • Lancelot, 18, 171–72, 177–78, 180, 183–87, 189–91, 200–201, 210–13, 215–18, 220–21, 231, 262n39. See also Prose cycle
  • Land, 37, 166
    • in Brut, 89–90, 95, 163
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 33, 37, 40, 43
    • in Robert’s Historia, 95
    • in Roman de Brut, 141, 153, 156, 158, 169. See also Dominion; Space
  • Land of Giants, 183
  • Land Out of Bounds, 183–84, 201
  • Landscape, 3–10, 32, 59, 83, 128–29, 133, 175, 247–48
    • in Brut, 84–86, 89–95, 114, 123, 245
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 245
    • in First Variant, 60, 63, 72, 245
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 30–40, 42–43, 53, 245, 250
    • in Gesta, 222, 225–26, 228–29, 242–45
    • in prose cycle, 139, 141–45, 173, 181–88, 197, 214, 216–17, 245
    • in Robert’s Historia, 89–95, 104, 245. See also Conquest; Metropole; Space
  • Lanfranc, 106
  • Language, 2, 11–14, 49, 111–12, 128–29
    • in Brut, 13–14, 86, 89–90, 106, 111–17, 120, 246
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 246
    • in First Variant, 60, 66, 70–71, 246
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 30, 35, 37, 42–43, 48–50, 246
    • in Gesta, 224, 226, 246
    • in prose cycle, 179, 180, 192–95, 246
    • in Robert’s Historia, 111–13, 115–16, 246
    • in Roman de Brut, 138–39, 149, 153–58, 246, 261n62. See also Bilingualism; Bretons; Britons; Danes; English; Etymology; French; Greeks; Latins; Monolingualism; Multilingualism; Norwegians; Philology; Phonetics; Proper names; Saxons; Semitic; Translation; Welsh
  • Laomedon, 203
  • Lateran, 102, 194
  • Latins, 241, 264n18
    • their language, 13, 21, 28, 43, 48, 77–79, 85, 112, 137, 149, 156, 179–80, 193–94, 206, 222, 250, 259n92, 261n62. See also Romans
  • Lausanne, 209
  • Laʒamon, xii, 13–14, 83, 84–87, 88, 95, 141. See also Brut; Otho redactor
  • Law: in Brut, 91, 93, 121–22
    • in First Variant, 60, 64, 72–76
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 55–56
    • in Gesta, 224–25, 237–39
    • in prose cycle, 204, 218–19
    • in Robert’s Historia, 126–27
    • in Roman de Brut, 152, 160, 163–64, 169, 180
    • in Roman de Thèbes, 205. See also Legitimacy
  • Leckie, R. William, Jr., 51, 67, 118, 142, 160, 260n11
  • Legitimacy, 9, 18, 21–22, 134
    • in Brut, 95, 123
    • in First Variant, 72–76
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 38, 53–58, 232
    • in Gesta, 229, 231–33, 235–36, 239–44
    • in prose cycle, 173, 177, 188–93, 195, 202–4, 208, 210, 216–17, 220
    • in Robert’s Historia, 95, 106, 108, 110, 124–25
    • in Roman de Brut, 138, 140, 154, 160
    • in Roman de Troie, 206. See also Boundaries;Christianity; Colonialism; Dominion;Expansionism; Force; Genealogy; Law
  • Leir, 51, 92, 143, 159–60, 228, 255n42
  • Leod, 84–85, 89–90, 95. See also Ethnicity
  • Le Saux, Françoise, 103, 114, 117, 121, 122, 257n13, 258n51, n52
    • 260n113, n115
  • Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 17
  • Liberty, 61, 248
    • in Brut, 100
    • in First Variant, 60, 68–70, 72, 74–76, 192
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 32–33, 57
    • in Gesta, 222, 226, 229, 231–33, 239–40, 242
    • in Robert’s Historia, 98
    • in Roman de Brut, 147, 164, 170. See also Resistance;Vassalage
  • Libya, 126, 168
  • Lincoln, 61, 62, 94
  • Lineage. See Genealogy
  • Lionel, 212
  • Llefelys, 79–82
  • Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, 65, 77–78
  • Llywelyn ap lorworth, 77
  • Loch Lomond, 43–44, 146–47, 234. See also Allegory; Eagles; Fish; Marvels
  • Locrinus, 37, 40, 77, 88
  • Loegecia, 33, 143–44
  • Loegria: in First Variant, 67
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 36, 40, 47
    • in prose cycle, 183, 185, 188, 192, 198, 201, 211, 216, 220. See also Anglia; England
  • Lombards, 98, 151
  • London, 3, 35, 77 246
    • in Brut, 106, 113–14
    • in First Variant, 64
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 36–38, 49–50, 134
    • in prose cycle, 183, 192, 196
    • in Robert’s Historia, 114–15
    • in Roman de Brut, 156–58
  • Lorraine, 163
  • Loth, 146, 179
  • Loth’s wife, 218
  • Louis VII, 172
  • Louis VIII, 194–95, 223
  • Louis IX, 194–95, 223, 233
  • Lucan, 69, 223
  • Lucius, emperor of Rome, 21, 55–57, 74, 115, 125–26, 147, 164–65, 167, 238–40
  • Lucius, king of Britain, 52, 90, 118, 152, 161, 228
  • Lud, 36, 37, 79–82, 114, 156
  • Mabinogi, 79
  • Madoc, 257n54
  • Madog of Edeirnon, 62, 63
  • Magic, 52, 81, 124–25, 148, 180, 221, 231. See also Merlin
  • Maimed King, 191, 250
  • Malcolm of Scotland, 140
  • Malgo, 104, 256n17
  • Malory, Thomas, 14, 247
  • Manning, Robert, 89
  • Manuscripts: of Brut, 84, 257n13
    • of Brut y Brenhinedd, 77–78
    • of First Variant, 61–63, 68
    • of Geoffrey’s Historia, 26, 135, 150, 172
    • of Gesta, 222
    • of prose cycle, 204, 212, 262n7, 263n95
    • of Robert’s Historia, 88, 96
    • of Roman de Brut, 261n43, n48, n62, n64, n77
  • Map, Walter, 177, 180–81, 259n92
  • Maps. See Cartography
  • Marcel, 115
  • Marcia, 48, 112, 260n18
  • Marcoise River, 181, 262n39
  • Marcus, 102
  • Marie de Champagne, 171, 172
  • Marius, 41, 87, 101, 139, 146, 256n17
  • Marmiadoise, 176–77, 191, 202–11, 218–21
  • Marriage, ix, 33, 107, 223
    • in Brut, 98, 100
    • in First Variant, 68–69
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 32, 43, 45–48, 58
    • in Gesta, 230
    • in prose cycle, 190
    • in Robert’s Historia, 98, 101, 103, 119
    • in Roman de Brut, 146, 150–51, 169. See also Adultery; Aristocracy; Endogamy;Eroticism; Exogamy; Expansionism;Homoeroticism; Incest; Kinship; Miscegenation; Rape; Reproduction
  • Marvels, 43–44, 90, 93, 95–97, 146–47, 185, 209, 234. See also Allegory
  • Mary, 22, 53, 54, 73, 74, 120, 124, 162, 201, 236–37
  • Matilda, 26, 28, 61, 134, 141, 166
  • Matrilineal, 101, 140, 189, 197. See also Genealogy; Inheritance
  • Maud, 101, 108, 109, 110, 119, 140, 189
  • Maximianus, 164
    • in Brut, 100
    • in First Variant, 66–68, 256n17
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 29, 32, 38–39, 41, 56
    • in Gesta, 231–33
    • in Robert’s Historia, 100, 105
    • in Roman de Brut, 144, 150, 165
  • Meaux, 172, 182
  • Medea, 203
  • Memory, ix–x, 12, 14–15, 19, 25, 30–31, 34, 37, 77–78, 145, 245–46
    • in Brut, 86–87, 247
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 79
    • in First Variant, 64, 68, 71–72, 75–76
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 30–32, 36–39, 48, 54, 57–58, 60, 102
    • in Gesta, 226, 231
    • in prose cycle, 189, 195–97, 215, 217
    • in Robert’s Historia, 93, 112, 247
    • in Roman de Brut, 139, 154, 157–58, 163, 168. See also Time
  • Mempricius, 51, 150, 255n41, 256n17
  • Merlin: in Brut, 92–93, 122
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 41, 43, 52, 53, 254n13
    • in Gesta, 122, 223, 236
    • in prose cycle, 177, 180, 186–87, 196, 204, 209, 264n99
    • in Robert’s Historia, 88, 92–94, 98, 119
    • in Roman de Brut, 148, 161
  • Merlin, 171, 176–77, 179–80, 185–88, 191–95, 202–11, 216–21, 246, 254n28, 255n43, 264n99. See also Prose cycle
  • Metropole, 4, 8, 25, 54, 105, 118, 134, 138, 230–31, 246. See also Architecture; Caen; Caerleon; Camelot; Clarence; Constantinople; Gloucester; Jerusalem; Landscape; London; Meaux; Monmouth; Oxford; Paris; Rome; Rouen; Thebes; Troy; Worcester
  • Middle Ages, 245, 248, 251
  • Mimicry, 49, 71, 113, 117, 146, 223–24, 248. See also Assimilation
  • Miscegenation, 44–47, 68–69, 96, 98–99, 146
  • Molmutine Laws, 48, 62
  • Monarchy, 11, 27, 141, 172, 176–77, 186, 192, 197–98, 202–3, 210, 221, 223. See also Capetians; Carolingians; Coronation; Dominion; Plantagenets
  • Monasticism, 224–25, 233, 242
  • Monmouth, xii, 25
  • Monolingualism, 14, 111–12, 116–17. See also Language
  • Mont Saint-Michel, 135, 164, 166–67
  • Moralization. See Christianity Mordrain, 192, 213
  • Mordred: in Brut, 85, 103, 122
    • in First Variant, 75
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 58
    • in Gesta, 226, 242, 243
    • in prose cycle, 185–87, 190, 191, 197, 217–20
    • in Robert’s Historia, 123, 126
    • in Roman de Brut, 162, 169–70
  • Morgan, 27
  • Mort, 171–72, 178, 180, 182–87, 189, 191, 196–97, 200–201, 213–14, 217–21, 254n28. See also Prose cycle
  • Morvidus, 120, 126
  • Moses, 101, 118
  • Multilingualism, 13–14, 38, 42–43, 85–86, 115, 117, 154, 157, 259n92. See also Language
  • Muses, 224, 227
  • Narrow March, 262n39
  • Nascien, hermit, 177–80, 189, 196
  • Nascien, knight, 189, 198–99, 201, 202, 214
  • Nationalism, ix, 10, 15, 129, 263n54. See also Origins
  • Natives, 89, 248–51
    • in Brut, 98
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 79, 81–82
    • in First Variant, 63, 71, 72
    • in Gesta, 226
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 34–35, 39, 43, 45–46, 49, 58
    • in prose cycle, 185, 190
  • Navigation, 5–6, 225–26
  • Nennius, 36
  • Nero, 102
  • New Troy. See London
  • Normandy, 8, 26, 85, 136, 137, 140, 146, 164, 166–67, 172, 177, 222
    • representations of, 55, 72, 109, 115–16, 125, 136, 163
  • Normans, 9, 10, 15, 25, 84, 134, 136, 140, 146, 154, 164, 172, 177, 256n2
    • in Brut, 106–10, 113–14
    • as conquerors, ix–xi, 1, 3, 11, 14, 25, 29, 32, 36, 60–62, 65–66, 74, 84, 90, 95, 106–10, 112, 115–16, 123, 133–37, 141–42, 145, 153, 245
    • in First Variant, 63, 133
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 32, 50, 55, 133–36
    • in Gesta, 228
    • and historiography, 26, 133, 136, 146, 172
    • and kinship, 32, 37, 135–36, 140, 150
    • and patronage, xii, 14, 30, 55, 142, 146
    • in Robert’s Historia, 106–10, 115–16
    • in Roman de Brut, 142, 146, 148–49, 155, 157, 160
    • in Roman de Rou, 163. See also Aristocracy; Castles; Dominion; Plantagenets; Robert, earl of Gloucester;Waleran of Meulan
  • Northumberland, 118
  • Norway, 146, 163
  • Norwegians, 154, 168
  • Oceans, ix, 4, 38, 39, 41, 137, 166, 181, 225–26, 229–30, 233, 239, 242–43, 245
  • Octa, 69, 152
  • Octavius, 49, 68, 100, 150, 256n17
  • Oedipus, 205
  • Old Testament, 52, 171, 195, 197, 200, 214
  • Orality, 30, 174, 225
  • Orcanie, 183, 190
  • Origins, ix, 15, 76, 79, 128–29, 159, 221, 251
    • in Brut, 95, 97, 112
    • in First Variant, 71
    • in Gesta, 226, 240, 246
    • in prose cycle, 209, 246
    • in Robert’s Historia, 107, 110, 119
    • in Roman de Brut, 153–55, 158
    • See also Christianity; Genealogy;Imperialism; Nationalism
  • Osbert of Clare, 140
  • Oswald, 51
  • Oswy, 105
  • Otho redactor, 84, 86, 87, 89, 90, 92, 95, 96, 106, 112, 116, 117, 120, 121, 123, 128, 258n51, 259n60, n88, n93
    • compared to Robert of Gloucester, 128
    • compared to Wace, 137
  • Otter, Monika, 37, 51, 142, 255n24, n31, n61
  • Owain, 61, 77
  • Oxford, xii, 25, 26, 30, 81, 84
  • Pagans: in Brut, 99, 101–3, 120–21
    • in First Variant, 69, 256n29
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 47–48, 52, 58, 256n29
    • in Gesta, 228, 238
    • in prose cycle, 183, 185, 187, 200–201, 203, 209
    • in Robert’s Historia, 101–5, 107, 110, 126
    • in Roman de Brut, 152
  • Pandrasus, 32–33, 68, 98
  • Paradox, 2–5, 8, 11, 14–17, 29–30, 35, 134, 176, 195, 207, 222, 233, 251
    • in Brut, 122
    • in First Variant, 72, 75, 76
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 38, 43–45, 56
    • in Gesta, 234–35
    • in prose cycle, 188, 191, 220, 221
    • in Robert’s Historia, 125
    • in Roman de Brut, 153
  • Paris, 8, 54–55, 138, 163, 164, 238, 262n7
  • Partibility, 38, 44, 64, 150. See also Inheritance
  • Patricide, 45
  • Patronage, 29, 176
    • of Brut, 85
    • of Geoffrey’s Historia, 26–29, 41, 55, 58, 75, 138–39, 224
    • of Roman de Brut, 135, 139. See also Normans
  • Patterson, Lee, 16, 58
  • Paul, saint, 210
  • Peckham, 78
  • Pedagogy. See Historiography
  • Penda, 103, 105
  • Pendragon, 226
  • Peoples. See Britons; Christians; English; Ethnicity; French; Germans; Greeks;Hebrews; Irish; Pagans; Picts; Romans; Scandinavians; Scots; Spaniards; Trojans
  • Perceval, 187–89, 214–15
  • Perceval’s sister, 215
  • Peredurus, 255n41, 42
  • Perron, 179, 190
  • Personification. See Swords
  • Peter, saint, 226
  • Petreius, 115
  • Philip II, 134, 164, 172, 176, 177, 194–95, 222
  • Philip IV, 172
  • Philology, 193–94. See also Translation
  • Phonetics, 114–15, 157–58
  • Picts: in Brut, 87
    • in First Variant, 63
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 32, 41, 43, 45
    • in Robert’s Historia, 101
    • in Roman de Brut, 144, 151
  • Pierre de Drieux, 223, 233
  • Pilate, 101
  • Plantagenets, 192, 233. See also Angevins; Monarchy; Normans
  • Poitevins, 84, 144, 160
  • Polynikes, 205, 207
  • Pommel, 199–201
  • Porrex, 152
  • Postcolonialism, 1, 72, 83–84, 88–89, 95, 101, 129, 133–34, 137, 153, 166, 170, 222, 229, 245, 247–48, 251, 253n2
    • in Brut, 90, 94–95, 99–100, 106
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 79–82
    • in First Variant, 70–71
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 30–31, 47, 50
    • in Gesta, 231, 235
    • in prose cycle, 186, 195, 217
    • in Robert’s Historia, 92, 95, 97, 99–100, 107, 111, 125. See also Borders; Hybridity
  • Prayer, 86–87, 104, 109, 120, 173, 201–2, 220–21, 224–25
  • Presentism. See Historiography; Time
  • Priam, 47, 68, 77, 149, 235
  • Pridwen, 53, 120, 162, 236–37
  • Primogeniture, 38, 44, 64, 150. See also Inheritance
  • Proper names, 16–17, 20–21, 54–55, 78, 113, 153–58, 198, 237, 246, 248–51
  • Prophecy: in Brut, 94, 122–23
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 56, 254n13
    • in Gesta, 223, 230
    • in prose cycle, 182, 185, 189, 196, 198, 201, 202, 209, 215
    • in Robert’s Historia, 88, 94, 97, 105, 109, 110, 119
    • in Roman de Brut, 138, 159, 161
  • Prose, 173–76, 178, 192, 204, 220, 262n7
  • Prose cycle, xii, 21, 171–221
    • authorship of, 171, 174, 177–81, 193
    • compared to Brut, 178, 186
    • compared to First Variant, 188, 192
    • compared to Gesta, 178, 229, 231, 235–36
    • compared to Robert’s Historia, 98, 123–24, 178, 185, 188, 191, 195, 209, 219
    • compared to Geoffrey’s Historia, 171, 178, 181–82, 185, 188–89, 195–96, 197, 202, 217, 219
    • compared to Roman de Brut, 166, 178–79, 183, 186, 192, 195–97, 204. See also Armor; Chivalry; Christianity; Conquest; Estoire; Ethnicity; Historiography; Lancelot; Language; Merlin; Mort; Queste; Space; Time
  • Queste, 17, 18, 171, 176–77, 182–83, 187–91, 195–96, 198, 200–201, 209, 213–17, 220–21. See also Prose cycle
  • Quietatione, 30, 56, 58, 152, 234–35, 240. See also Inquietatione
  • Quintilianus, 240
  • Quirites, 224, 240–42, 264n18
  • Quointise, 92, 98, 147. See also Craftiness
  • Rape, 9, 43, 125
  • Rashi, 192
  • Reader. See Audience
  • Refrain, 4, 28–30, 86–87, 90, 94, 104, 224–25, 250
  • Regions, xii, 1, 2. See also Africa; America; Calidonia; Egypt; Europe; Greece; India; Judea
  • Regne, Regnum, 95
    • in First Variant, 60, 64–68, 73, 76
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 33, 38–40
    • in Gesta, 230, 234–35, 243–44
    • in Roman de Brut, 142, 143, 145, 152, 170. See also Dominion; Insula; Regions
  • Relatives. See Kinship
  • Relics, 22, 48, 70, 77, 93, 103, 124, 183
  • Religion, 66, 112, 119, 129, 152, 188, 246. See also Christianity; Jews
  • Remus, 118
  • Repetition. See Refrain
  • Reproduction, 39, 43, 80, 143, 191, 202, 206, 233, 245, 250. See also Adultery; Agriculture; Castration; Chastity; Eroticism; Homoeroticism; Incest; Marriage; Miscegenation; Rape
  • Resistance, xiii, 2, 3, 15, 137, 170
    • by the aristocracy, 76, 153, 173–75
    • by the Bretons, 222–25, 238
    • by the Britons, 11, 172
    • by the English, x, 25, 62, 106, 111, 124
    • by the Welsh, 1, 25, 66, 72, 133, 141
    • and writing, 12, 14, 58, 173, 176–77, 238; See also Colonialism; Swords; Vengeance
  • Richard I, 110, 222
  • Rion, 180, 185, 203–8, 219
  • Ritho, 46, 100, 165–66, 240
  • Rivers, 4–6, 42, 65, 174, 229–31, 242–43, 245. See also Achelon; Assume; Avon; Cambula; Euphrates; Humber; Marcoise; Seine; Severn; Styx; Thames; Water
  • Roads, 40, 65, 90, 91, 143, 175, 230–31
  • Robert, earl of Gloucester, 26–29, 33, 35, 48, 58, 61, 94, 138, 139, 224
  • Robert Curthose, 101, 106–7
  • Robert de Boron, 177, 179, 180
  • Robert de Clari, 210
  • Robert of Gloucester, xi, xii, 83, 87–89, 117, 119, 124, 140. See also Historia rythmis Anglicanis
  • Robert of Torigni, 135, 166
  • Roland, 17, 19, 254n27
  • Rollo, 146
  • Romance, 173, 179, 186, 195, 200, 209–10, 215, 218, 220
  • Roman de Brut, 13, 87, 133–70, 246–47, 260n18
    • compared to Bern manuscript, 150
    • compared to Brut, 85–86, 89–93, 95–96, 98, 106, 114, 118, 120, 123, 137, 147, 153, 166
    • compared to Brut y Brenhinedd, 153, 170
    • compared to First Variant, 134, 137, 142, 146–47, 150–51, 158, 160, 162, 164, 168–70
    • compared to Geoffrey’s Historia, 137–38, 142–45, 151–55, 158, 160, 164, 166–68
    • compared to Gesta, 166, 222, 225, 231, 239
    • compared to Otho redactor, 137
    • compared to prose cycle, 166, 178–79, 183, 186, 192, 195–97, 204
    • compared to Robert’s Historia, 87, 89, 98, 123, 127, 137, 147, 153, 160, 166. See also Chivalry;Christianity; Conquest; Ethnicity; Historiography; Language; Space; Time; Wace
  • Roman d’Enéas, 206
  • Roman de Rou, 137–41, 152, 163. See also Wace
  • Roman de Thebès, 205–8
  • Roman de Troie, 172, 203–6. See also Benoit de Sainte-Maure
  • Romans, x, 13, 206, 256n2
    • in Brut, 89, 100–1, 103, 115, 121–22
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 80
    • in First Variant, 67–69, 72–75
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 30, 38–41, 46–49, 52
    • in Gesta, 223, 228–29, 238–42, 264n18
    • in prose cycle, 209, 217–19
    • in Robert’s Historia, 100–2, 110, 119, 125–26
    • in Roman de Brut, 146, 150, 160, 164–65, 167–69. See also Caesar; Italians; Latins; Lombards;Quirites; Sabines
  • Roman van Walewein, 17
  • Rome, 133–34, 173, 208–9, 226, 254n27
    • in Brut, 84, 100, 115, 118
    • in First Variant, 68, 74, 75
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 47, 52, 55, 57, 134, 255n56
    • in Gesta, 239, 240, 242, 264n18
    • in prose cycle, 191, 209
    • in Robert’s Historia, 94, 108, 113, 119
    • in Roman de Brut, 147, 150, 154, 164–65
  • Romulus, 100, 118
  • Ron, 53, 120, 162, 236–37
  • Ronwen, 47, 49, 102, 112–13, 116, 117, 228
  • Rouen, 133–34
  • Round Table: in Brut, 93
    • in prose cycle, 186–88, 190, 213
    • in Robert’s Historia, 125, 258n45
    • in Roman de Brut, 163
  • Royalty. See Monarchy
  • Rufinus, 194
  • Ruhudus, 228
  • Runes, 86–87, 90, 123
  • Rushdie, Salman, ix–x, 3, 13
  • Sabines, 264n18
  • Said, Edward, 3
  • Saint Asaph’s episcopal see, 25–26, 78
  • Saint Stephen’s church, 183, 193, 210
  • Salisbury, 186, 190
  • Salomon, 46, 226
  • Sarras, 177, 181, 182, 183, 198, 216, 217, 221
  • Sarrasins. See Pagans
  • Satan, 47, 186, 193, 200, 215, 227, 240
  • Satire, 164
  • Savoyards, 84
  • Saxons, x, 15, 29, 70, 84, 88, 135, 226
    • in Bern manuscript, 135
    • in Brut, 92, 95, 101–3, 106, 112–13, 117–18, 121, 246
    • in First Variant, 63–65, 67, 69–71, 73, 256n29
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 30, 32, 38–43, 47–49, 52, 57, 58, 196, 256n29
    • in Gesta, 224, 226–28, 235–38, 242, 246
    • and language, 13, 30, 49, 66, 71, 112–13, 116–17, 154
    • in prose cycle, 185, 190, 192–93, 202, 212
    • in Robert’s Historia, 92, 95, 98, 101–6, 110, 112–13, 117–19, 246
    • in Roman de Brut, 148, 151, 152, 157, 162–63, 246. See also Angles; Anglo-Saxons; English
  • Scabbard, 17, 198–200, 207, 219
  • Scandinavia, 136. See also Denmark; Norway
  • Scandinavians, 134. See also Danes; Norwegians
  • Scotland, 5, 72, 134, 140, 183, 184. See also Albania
  • Scots, ix, 41, 43, 52, 96–97, 101, 140–41
  • Scylla, 225, 229
  • Searle, Eleanor, 32, 146–47, 150, 154, 260n53, n54
  • Seas. See Oceans
  • Seine River, 54
  • Semitic languages, 192–95, 202, 206
  • Serpent, 18, 191
  • Settlement. See Colonialism
  • Severn River, 5, 25, 28, 60, 83–84, 128, 133, 134, 181
    • in Brut, 84–85, 96
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 31, 36, 37, 38, 44, 47, 245
    • in Merlin, 185
    • in Robert’s Historia, 90, 115, 125
    • in Roman de Brut, 143
  • Severus, 47
  • Sex. See Adultery; Eroticism; Homoeroticism; Incest; Marriage; Miscegenation; Rape; Reproduction
  • Shield: Arthur’s, 22, 53, 54, 120, 162, 208, 236–39
    • Christ’s, 236
    • Galahad’s, 213
  • Ship of Faith, 18, 198–201, 213–15
  • Ships, 5, 181, 225–26, 238, 248
  • Shore, 3, 5, 6, 34, 166, 231, 239, 251. See also Boundaries; Islands; Landscape; Water
  • Silvius, 98
  • Simon of Montfort, 94, 110–11
  • Sin, 69, 70, 107, 185, 214, 231–33, 236, 240
  • Sisillius, 51
  • Snowdon, 81
  • Social status, 88, 99, 106, 110, 115–16, 128–29, 173, 176, 194, 245. See also Aristocracy; Audience
  • Sodomy. See Homoeroticism
  • Solomon, 189, 192, 199–201, 214–15
  • Solomon’s wife, 199–201, 209, 214–15
  • Sorelois, 184–85, 188
  • Southhampton, 91
  • Sovereignty. See Dominion
  • Space, x, xiii, 2, 10, 16, 30, 65–66, 78, 174, 181, 197. See also Allegory; Architecture;Borders; Cartography; Dominion; Islands;Land; Landscape; Regions; Water
  • Spaniards, 144
  • Spear. See Lance
  • Spiegel, Gabrielle, 173, 174, 176, 253n16, 262n7, nl8
  • Statius, 223
  • Stephen of Blois, 26, 27, 28–29, 61, 110, 124, 134, 139, 140, 146, 166, 172, 224
  • Stonehenge: in Brut, 92–93, 246
    • in First Variant, 66
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 40–41, 49
    • in Gesta, 231, 246
    • in prose cycle, 186, 246
    • in Robert’s Historia, 92–93, 96, 246, 258n49
    • in Roman de Brut, 148–49, 246
  • Strength. See Force
  • Styx River, 229, 237, 241. See also Hell
  • Sure, 212
  • Sword of the Extra-Ordinary Baldric: in Estoire, 176–77, 184, 185, 191, 197–202, 210
    • in Mort, 219
    • in Queste, 176–77, 182, 191, 195, 213–15, 217
  • Swords, xii, 1, 2, 8, 16–22, 29, 46, 53–55, 57, 97, 120, 124, 129, 148, 168, 176–77, 197–221, 205–6, 212, 214, 245–47, 250. See also Allegory; Armor; Baldric; Borders; Chivalry; Force; Hilt; Pommel; Proper names; Sword names: Angry;Caliburn; Durendal; Escalibor; Excalibur;Marmiadoise; Sure; Sword of the Extra-Ordinary Baldric
  • Synchronisms, 51–52, 72, 118–19, 160, 195
  • Tenvantius, 117
  • Territory, 3–4, 8, 12, 16, 29, 30, 76, 134, 136, 175, 246, 248, 250
    • in Brut, 87, 94, 121
    • in First Variant, 68–70, 72–73
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 46, 50, 54–55, 58
    • in Gesta, 224, 236, 239–40
    • in Robert’s Historia, 124
    • in Roman de Brut, 152, 160, 165; See also Dominion; Space
  • Thames River, 25, 31, 36, 38, 40, 185
  • Thebans, 206, 223
  • Thebes, 204–5, 207–9
  • Thibaut I, 134, 172
  • Thibaut III, 172
  • Thibaut IV, 194–95, 223
  • Time, x, xiii, 2, 4, 10, 12, 14–16, 59, 78, 247–48, 250
    • in Brut, 84, 95, 112, 117–19, 123, 246
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 79, 246
    • in First Variant, 60, 63–64, 67, 71–72, 246
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 31, 37, 50–52, 58, 246, 250
    • in Gesta, 222, 214, 226, 228, 231, 234, 243–44, 246
    • in prose cycle, 171, 174, 176, 179, 181, 191, 195–97, 199–202, 214–16, 246
    • in Robert’s Historia, 89, 95, 104, 109–10, 117–19, 128, 246
    • in Roman de Brut, 139, 141, 153, 155–56, 159–62, 246. See also Anachronism; Archaism; Calendars;Dates; Flood; Fortune; Historiography; Memory; Prophecy; Synchronisms
  • Topography. See Space
  • Tours, 230
  • Towers, 185–85
  • Town. See Metropole
  • Trahern, 49
  • Trajan, 101
  • Translation, 12–14, 26, 111, 116, 124, 173–74, 176, 181, 193–94, 246, 248
    • in Brut, 85–87, 112, 114
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, xii, 63, 77–82, 89
    • in First Variant, 70–71
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 13, 48–49, 112
    • in Gesta, 228
    • in prose cycle, 173, 178–79
    • in Robert’s Historia, 88
    • in Roman de Brut, 133, 136, 139, 153, 260n18, 261n62
  • Trauma, xi, 1, 15, 37, 60, 134
  • Trinity, 178, 181
  • Trinovantem. See London
  • Trojans, x, 9, 10, 48, 77–78, 87, 135, 172, 188, 206, 210, 221, 256n2
    • in Brut, 91, 98, 121
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 79
    • in First Variant, 63–64, 73
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 29, 32–36, 41, 44–46, 49, 136, 181
    • in Gesta, 223, 226, 229–30, 235
    • in prose cycle, 203–4, 208
    • in Robert’s Historia, 89, 90, 98, 126
    • in Roman de Brut, 136, 142, 147, 149–51, 160
    • in Roman de Thèbes, 208
    • in Roman de Troie, 203–4. See also Aeneas; Antenor;Brutus; Corineus; Exile; Helenus; Priam; Virgil
  • Troy, 10, 27, 32, 173, 182, 188, 208–10
    • in Gesta, 230
    • in prose cycle, 204, 216–17
    • in Robert’s Historia, 102
    • in Roman de Brut, 149
    • in Roman de Thebès, 206
    • in Roman de Troie, 203–4
  • Troyes, 192
  • Truth claims, 175–76
    • in prose cycle, 173, 201, 177–80, 193, 196
    • in Roman de Brut, 138, 139, 158, 161–62
  • Turnus, 73
  • Turville-Petre, Thorlac, 89, 109, 111, 257n7, 258n23, n29, n34
    • 259n67, n69, n80, n85, n99
  • Tydeus, 191, 205–6
  • Typology, 74, 139, 163, 196. See also Allegory
  • Uther: in Brut, 120–21
    • in First Variant, 64, 69
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 39, 52–53, 255n41
    • in Gesta, 236, 238–39
    • in prose cycle, 186, 197, 202, 206, 217
    • in Roman de Brut, 146, 152, 154, 162
  • Van der Straet, Jan, 248–51
  • Vannes, 222, 223
  • Varlan, 184, 201–2
  • Vassalage, 90
    • in prose cycle, 178, 184, 187, 217
    • in Roman de Brut, 142, 145, 147, 150, 153, 163–65, 169–70. See also Agriculture; Aristocracy; Chivalry; Gain; Homage; Liberty
  • Venedotia, 55
  • Vengeance, 73, 99–100, 121, 218. See also Resistance
  • Venus, 206
  • Verse, 173, 176, 179
  • Vespucci, Amerigo, 248–51
  • Vestinaire, 139
  • Violence. See Force
  • Virgil, 75, 124, 206, 223, 254n44. See also Aeneas
  • Vortigern: in Brut, 102, 115
    • in First Variant, 66, 71
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 30, 39, 42–43, 47, 49
    • in Gesta, 228
    • in Merlin, 185–86
    • in Robert’s Historia, 102–3
    • in Roman de Brut, 144, 148, 154
  • Vortimer, 49, 102, 116, 257n17
  • Vortiporius, 64, 104
  • Vulcan, 205–6
  • Wace, xii, 13, 26, 111, 133, 136–40, 153–54, 159–61. See also Roman de Brut; Roman de Rou
  • Walas, 50, 158
  • Walbrook, 154
  • Waleran of Meulan, 26–28, 48, 224
  • Wales, xii, 1, 5, 8, 13, 25, 60–62, 64, 66–67, 71–72, 74, 76–78, 83, 133–34, 140, 222, 229, 257n13, n50
    • in Brut, 93–94
    • in First Variant, 67, 72
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 50, 181
    • in prose cycle, 183–84, 189–90
    • in Robert’s Historia, 103
    • in Roman de Brut, 158. See also Demetia; Kambria; Venedotia
  • Wallo, 50, 115, 158
  • Walls, 41–42, 65, 230, 246
  • Walter of Guisborough, 19
  • Walter of Oxford, 29, 58, 79
  • Warin the Briton, 135
  • Wasted Land, 184, 187, 201
  • Water, 34, 40, 81, 91, 122, 166, 177, 201, 219–20. See also Allegory; Channel; Lakes; Navigation; Oceans; Rivers; Ships; Shore
  • Welsh, 1, 9–11, 14–15, 18, 25, 27, 29, 55, 60–61, 63–66, 68, 72–74, 76–78, 80, 85, 94, 103, 114, 122–23, 134, 136–37, 141–42, 177, 181, 190, 247, 256n2
    • in Brut y Brenhinedd, 79
    • in First Variant, 70–71
    • in Geoffrey’s Historia, 44, 50, 226–27
    • language, 63, 77–82, 89, 246
    • in prose cycle, 190
    • in Robert’s Historia, 94–95, 105–6, 115, 128
    • in Roman de Brut, 145, 155. See also Britons; Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan; Gruffydd ap Cynan; Kamber; Llywelyn ap Gruffydd; Llywelyn ap Iorworth; Owain
  • Wessex, 104, 118
  • Westminster, 77, 108
  • William of Malmesbury, 22, 29, 62, 88, 193, 112
  • William of Newburgh, 264n3
  • William of Rennes, 222
  • William of Scotland, 140
  • William the Bastard of Normandy, Conqueror, ix–x, 55, 98, 108, 109, 111, 115, 119, 136, 138, 146, 152
  • William the Red, 88, 106, 109
  • Worcester, 26, 28, 83, 85
  • Wrestling. See Giants Wright, Neil, 26, 27, 61, 67, 135, 255n50, 259n65
  • Wulfstan, 83
  • Wygar, 120
  • Ygerna, 52, 236
  • Yvain, 187, 190, 211, 213

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Parts of chapters 1 and 2 originally appeared as “Making Contact: Postcolonial Perspectives through Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia regum Britannie,” Arthuriana 8, no. 4 (1998): 115–34; reprinted courtesy of Arthuriana. Parts of chapter 6 originally appeared as “Designing the End of History in the Arming of Galahad,” Arthuriana 5, no. 4 (1995): 45–55; reprinted courtesy of Arthuriana. Parts of chapter 6 also appeared as “Marmiadoise of Greece: The Fall of Ancient History in the Estoire de Merlin,” Romance Languages Annual 9 (1997): 141–48; copyright Purdue Research Foundation, reprinted with permission, all rights reserved.
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