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table of contents
  1. Cover
  2. Half Title Page
  3. Title Page
  4. Copyright Page
  5. Epigraph
  6. Contents
  7. Introduction: Making Visible Archives
  8. 1. The Collage Activists: Hannah Alderfer, Beth Jaker, and Marybeth Nelson Frame the Feminist Sex Wars
  9. 2. The Comics Visionaries: Lee Marrs’s and Roberta Gregory’s Underground Feminism
  10. 3. The Newspaper Cartoonist: Alison Bechdel’s Queer Grassroots Networks
  11. 4. The Editor and Pedagogue: Gloria E. Anzaldúa’s Public Drawing
  12. 5. The Photographer and Curator: Nan Goldin’s Witness to HIV/AIDS
  13. Epilogue
  14. Acknowledgments
  15. Notes
  16. Bibliography
  17. Figure Descriptions
  18. Index
  19. About the Author

Index

Abate, Michelle Ann, 241n9, 253n11

Abelove, Henry, 243n10, 247n82

Abraham, Julie, 36, 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference

activism/activist, 15–16, 30, 39–40, 65, 84, 91, 97, 107, 111, 115, 142, 154, 180, 242n2; archives and collectors, 12, 15, 27, 30, 32, 107, 120, 198, 244n28, 259n22, 266n28; art/artistic, 12, 30, 33, 61, 110, 142, 154, 173, 175, 190, 260n22; Chicana, 152–53, 158, 259n22; circles, 7, 217; collective, 13; comics as local sites, 7; community, 33, 223; document, 33; feminist, 24, 27, 74, 89, 91–94, 97, 226; future, 2; grassroots, 241n5; histories, 12; HIV/AIDS, 19, 106, 188, 198, 211, 217, 219, 266n28, 267n28; Lesbian Avengers, 1; LGBTQ, 226; literary, 148; mestiza, 173; Names Project AIDS Memorial Quilt, 106; 1987 March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights, 116; political, 4, 116; projects, 223; queer, 122, 141; Queer Nation, 1; and scholars, 39–40, 154, 158, 242n2; sexuality, 32; Shanti Project, 188; social, 13, 122, 163; visual, 7, 13, 17, 22–24; Visual AIDS, 211, 268nn66–67; women of color, 148, 154, 259n22, 260n22. See also ACT UP; anti-pornography feminists; Feminist Anti-Censorship Taskforce (FACT); gay and lesbian movements

ACT UP, 1, 211, 217, 219, 268n75; Ashes Action, 217; Stop the Church, 211, 217

Adair, Cassius, 143, 257n76, 257n2

Adkins, Lisa, 250n30

Alarcón, Norma, 258n6, 259n22

Aldama, Frederick Luis, 249n19

Alderfer, Hannah, 1–2, 8, 16–17, 19, 21–63, 65, 188, 210, 213, 218, 227, 243n2; activism, 17, 22–24, 27, 33, 49, 61, 65; archival work, 17, 19, 24, 26–27, 29, 33–34, 38, 47, 62; buffet of sexual pleasure, 55; collaborative authorship, 42, 65; collage aesthetics, 17, 34–35, 39, 49, 66; collectivity, 24, 34–35, 38, 53–54, 58, 136, 227; combating censorship, 27, 53; community, 35, 38, 48, 62–63; debate around sexual expression, 23, 26, 210; Group Material, 24, 227; handwriting, 35–37; image–text, 34, 61; influence, 39; multimedia collage, 6, 8, 24–25, 243n18, 244n25; prefiguring zines, 2, 33–34, 37–38; reclamation of pornographic tropes, 49, 58; sexually explicit, 17, 27, 29, 33, 38–39, 49, 53–54, 59; turned on, 54; visual/feminist activism, 17, 22–24, 27, 33, 49, 52, 59, 61, 65–66, 218, 227; women’s sexuality, 23–24, 27, 34, 38–39, 42, 49, 60, 62–63. See also Barnard Sex Conference; Caught Looking; collage; Diary of a Conference on Sexuality; Feminist Anti-Censorship Taskforce (FACT)

Alexander, Ben, 198

Alexander, Darsie, 265n1

Alexander Street Press Underground and Independent Comics database, 75

Allan, Catherine, 79, 250n35

Allison, Dorothy, 16, 22, 48, 50, 243n7. See also Barnard Sex Conference; Lesbian Sex Mafia

Als, Hilton, 15, 216, 242n32, 267n44, 268n47, 268n53, 268n72

Altman, Lawrence K., 265n8, 266n8

Altman, Meryl, 36, 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference; Diary of a Conference on Sexuality

Alvarez, Julia, 258n6

Angelico, Kenny (Ivy), 201–2, 210, 212–14

anti-pornography feminists, 16–17, 21–23, 26–27, 33, 38, 48–49, 55, 58–59, 65, 210, 245n38, 246n60. See also feminism/feminist; pornography; Women Against Pornography; Women Against Violence Against Women; Women Against Violence in Pornography and Media

Anzaldúa, Gloria E., 1, 3, 8, 14, 18, 23, 28, 35, 70, 91, 119, 123, 128–29, 136, 141–86, 189–91, 203, 212–13, 225–26; activism, 142, 163, 173, 180; archives, 14, 18, 28, 119, 148–50, 152, 154–55, 158, 160, 167, 184, 260n23; Borderlands / La Frontera, 3, 18, 123, 144–45, 155–57, 160, 165–66, 168–69, 171, 173, 176–77, 180–81, 256n46, 261n29, 262n49, 262n51, 263n61, 263nn63–64, 263n69, 264n69, 264nn73–74, 264n76, 265n77, 265nn79–80, 265nn83–84, 269n3; bridges, 151, 261nn31–32; Chicana lesbian feminist, 128, 144, 158; Chicana women, 157–61; collectivity, 136, 142, 144, 146, 154–55, 180–81; community, 3, 18, 142, 144–51, 155, 158, 160, 173, 176, 180–81, 184, 189–91, 203; critique of white feminism, 163, 181, 259n22; diary, 35; drawing/s, 8, 18, 144–46, 149–52, 155–71, 173, 176–77, 180–81, 184, 225, 262n48, 263nn65–66, 263n69, 264n69; editorial work, 3, 144–47, 149; glifos, 146, 263n69, 264n69; grassroots communities, 141; image–text, 146; intersectional feminism, 144–45, 149, 203; interviews, 145, 150, 156–57, 170, 258n10, 261nn28–30, 262n47, 262nn49–50, 262nn52–55, 263n56, 263n58, 263n69, 264nn69–70; Making Face, Making Soul / Haciendo Caras, 145, 169, 258nn8–9, 263n67; mestiza consciousness/identity, 155–58, 160–61, 163, 165–67, 170–73, 176–77, 180–81, 184, 258n8, 262n46, 263n69, 264n76, 265n77; network building, 147–48, 167, 259n22, 260n22; reassessment, 260n23, 261n23; science fiction, 261n23; spirituality, 156, 163, 261n23, 263n61, 264n74; this bridge we call home, 145, 261n32; transparencies, 145–46, 149, 155, 166–85, 263n69, 264n69, 264n71, 264nn75–77, 265nn77–78, 265n82; University of Texas at Austin, 149–51, 154, 156–65, 185, 262n49, 262nn52–55; visual artist, 156, 262n47; visual language, 147, 169, 173, 264n74; visual praxis, 149–50, 157, 165; visual production, 129, 146–47, 157, 185; visual queer theorist, 18; visual theorizing, 146, 258n12, 263n69, 264n69; visual work, 144, 147, 149, 151, 156, 158, 160, 181. See also Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection; Third World Women Speakers List; This Bridge Called My Back

archival turn, 12–13, 75

archives, 1, 4, 11–16, 19, 23, 26–30, 33–34, 47, 62, 65, 67, 70–75, 85, 107, 111, 118–25, 141–42, 148–56, 158, 160, 167, 186, 198–200, 223, 225–27, 242n24, 244nn32–34, 245n34, 247n3, 249n26, 260n23, 261n23, 262n43; activist archiving, 12, 15, 27, 30, 107, 120, 198; archival genre, 150–52, 185; archiving practices, 107; as bridges, 149–56, 184–85; Chicana history and activism, 152–54; comics archives, 72–75, 250n27; community, 27–28, 38, 107, 119, 122, 149, 150–52, 154–55, 184, 188, 244n27; critical archival studies, 13, 242n25; deconstructed, 121; digital, 75, 152–53, 226, 269n5; fantasy, 120; grassroots, 11–19, 26–30, 72, 75–76, 99, 107, 111, 120–21, 152, 198, 227, 245n34, 261n33; hierarchies, 14; HIV/AIDS, 15, 19, 192, 198–200, 242n29, 266n28, 267n28; independent, 32; infrastructures of archives, 227; institutional, 15, 120, 154, 242n24; knowledge production, 13, 30, 154, 262n43; LGBTQ archives, 14–15, 17, 19, 26–28, 192, 198, 242n28, 252n96, 261n33; non-comics, 111; personal, 18, 26, 28, 118–19, 149, 152, 154, 189, 259n22; preserving cultural memory, 19, 192, 198–200, 223, 266n28; preserving marginalized histories, 261n33; proliferation of, 28; queer, 76, 99, 118, 121, 227; queer-adjacent, 111, 118, 121, 253n10; queer comics archives, 17–18, 107, 112, 118–25, 141; radical, 120; reading/working across, 17, 71–76, 88, 99, 111, 122–23, 227; records, 29, 244n32; research process, 269n2; traditional comics archives, 112; university archives, 18, 72–73, 75, 119, 154, 242n29, 245n49; visible, 1–2, 14, 226. See also Lesbian Herstory Archives (LHA)

Armstrong, David, 211, 266n8, 266n11

artifacts, 99, 249n26

Artistas Indigenas, 260n22

Artists Space, 189, 196, 199, 210–23, 267n36, 268n60, 268nn65–71, 268n73, 268n75, 269nn78–80

Asian American Women Artists Association, 260n22

Assan, Alex, 254n13

Ault, Julie, 243nn13–15

Aunt Lute Books, 260n22

autobiography, 2, 93, 118, 143, 171, 212, 218; collective, 2; memoir, 109, 120, 269n76

Avena, Thomas, 268nn58–59, 268n62, 268n74, 269n77

Avery, Tara Madison, 254n13

Bacchetta, Paola, 258n6

Barale, Michèle Aina, 243n10, 247n82

Barcelo, Rusty, 258n6

Barnard College, 16, 21–22, 30, 31–32; Barnard Feminist and Scholar conference, 16, 21–23, 39, 243n9. See also Barnard Sex Conference; Diary of a Conference on Sexuality

Barnard Sex Conference, 2, 23–34, 26, 33, 49, 52, 60–61, 65, 218, 227, 245n37, 265n7; censorship of conference, 16, 22, 30–33, 38, 42, 65, 243nn8–9, 243n11, 247n85; conference planning committee, 21, 33, 35–37, 39, 41–42, 44–47, 62, 242n2, 243n3, 245nn44–45

Barry, Lynda, 34, 53, 245n42

Barthes, Roland, 198, 266n27

Baumann, Jason, 266n28

Beaty, Bart, 241n5, 241n11

Bechdel, Alison, 1, 3, 7–8, 15, 17–18, 23, 28, 70, 74, 102, 109–42, 147, 149, 176, 188–89, 225–26, 255n3; activism, 110, 116; advertisements, 18, 110, 123–27, 135–40; archives, 28, 111, 118–25, 255n25; Are You My Mother?, 120; blog, 119–20, 140–41, 256n36, 256n39, 257nn70–73; “a catalog of lesbians,” 117; collectivity, 18, 109–10, 116, 118, 125, 128–29, 132, 135–36, 138, 140, 256n50, 256n54; comics making, 255n26; comic strips, 3, 8, 15, 74, 109–11, 113, 115–17, 119, 125, 128–29, 132, 135, 140, 253n6, 253n9, 254n21, 255nn25–26, 257n63; community, 112, 115, 118, 122–23, 140, 255n25; digital, 111, 140–42; Equal Time, 111, 113, 125, 141, 253n8; Fun Home, 109, 113, 118–20, 252n1, 253n1, 254n18; Gay Comix/Comics, 17, 102, 112, 254n14; grassroots publications, 3, 7, 18, 74, 109–11, 113–14, 116–18, 122–23, 125, 135, 141, 226; image–text, 109, 111, 135, 141; The Indelible Alison Bechdel, 116–17, 253nn2–4, 254n4, 255n25, 255n27; intersectional politics, 18, 135; interviews, 15, 113, 115, 117–18, 135, 242n31, 253nn1–2, 253n8, 254nn16–17, 254nn21–22, 255n26, 255n29, 255n32, 257n63, 257n75; lesbian identity, 15; lesbian Norman Rockwell, 117–18, 141; “Literary Dykes to Watch Out For,” 129, 131–34; literary lesbians, 128; mainstream, 113–14, 254n21; queer comics, 112–13, 122; queer communities, 116, 118, 122, 135, 141; queer visual politics, 111; readers, 113, 116–18, 140–41, 255n25; representational diversity, 134; Secret to Superhuman Strength, 120; self-syndication, 74, 110–11, 113, 115–16, 125, 149, 225, 253n6; Servants to the Cause, 111, 253n9; spot graphics, 8; Strip AIDS USA, 188; struggle for receptive venues, 23; YouTube, 119–20, 255n35. See also Dykes to Watch Out For (DTWOF); Human Sexuality Collection; Lesbian Herstory Archives (LHA); Sophia Smith Collection; WomaNews

Beineke, Colin, 6, 241n4

Beins, Agatha, 7, 70, 123, 241n6, 249nn20–21, 250nn30–31, 256n45, 256n47, 269n4

Beirne, Rebecca, 7, 241n8, 252n87

Bengal, Rebecca, 266n22

Benjamin, Meredith, 147, 259n17

Bessette, Jean, 249n26, 250n26, 250n30

Betancor, María Henríquez, 262n47

Bethel, Lorraine, 251n59, 260n22

Billy Ireland Cartoon Library and Museum, 72

Binswanger, Lee, 249n15. See also Wimmen’s Comix

bisexual/bisexuality, 2, 69, 99–100, 106, 200, 204, 210, 247n7, 267n32; representation, 69, 176

Blackwell, Maylei, 152, 256n47, 259n22, 261n29, 262n37, 262nn49–50, 262n52, 262nn54–55, 269n4

Bly, Liz, 242n24

Boney, Jan, 36, 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference

Borden, Lizzie, 53, 55

Bors, Matt, 254n13

Bost, Suzanne, 14, 146, 149, 242n27, 259n15, 260n23, 261nn23–24

Bourgeois, Louise, 53

Bowen, Diana, 146, 156, 166, 258n12, 258n14, 262n48, 264n74

Bowman, Patricia, 60

Bracewell, Lorna Norman, 243n5, 243n12

Bronstein, Carolyn, 243n12, 246n59, 246n61

Bucher, Dot, 249n15. See also Wimmen’s Comix

Butler, Judith, 38, 42, 245n47, 246n53; let down by Diary not being titillating, 38

Cade, Cathy, 167–69, 263nn65–66

Califia, Patrick, 22, 243n7. See also Barnard Sex Conference

Camper, Jennifer, 104, 106, 252nn81–85, 252n90, 254n13

Cantú, Norma Ella, 258n6, 261n23

carrington, andré, 7, 241n8

Cartier-Bresson, Henri, 197

Caruana, Stephanie, 250nn38–39, 250n41

Castañeda, Antonia, 261n23

Castillo, Ana, 258n6

Caswell, Michelle, 12, 242n19, 242n25

Caught Looking, 17, 26–27, 29–30, 33–35, 37–39, 49, 52–62, 65–66, 99, 188, 210, 244n19, 244nn21–22, 244nn24–25, 244n31, 244n34, 245n38, 245nn41–42, 246n60, 246n62, 246nn64–69, 246nn71–72, 246nn75–79, 265n7. See also Alderfer, Hannah; Ellis, Kate; Hunter, Nan D.; Jaker, Beth; Nelson, Marybeth; O’Dair, Barbara; Tallmer, Abby

censorship, 2; combating censorship, 27; Diary and Barnard, 16, 22, 30–33, 38, 42, 65, 243nn8–9, 243n11, 247n85; Feminist Anti-Censorship Taskforce (FACT), 24, 26–27, 33–34, 49, 59–60, 244n19; feminist stance against, 53; impulse to control, 26; visible sexualities, 2

Chevli, Lyn. See Tits & Clits

Chicana por mi Raza Digital Memory Project and Archive, 152–54, 259n22

Chicana women, 18, 150, 157–61, 180, 259n22, 262n47, 265n77; celebrated Chicana lesbian feminist Gloria E. Anzaldúa, 128, 144; feminist thought, 153; history and activism, 152–53, 259n22, 260n22; institutional archival invisibility, 154; lesbians, 158; La Mujer Chicana course, 156–61, 262n53; scholars, 152, 158

Christensen, Charles, 254n13

Chute, Hillary, 7–8, 11, 67, 71, 119, 241n7, 241n11, 242n16, 248n10, 249n15, 249n24, 253n1, 255nn33–34

Cifor, Marika, 198, 242n29, 244nn27–28, 266n28, 267n29

Cisneros, Sandra, 258n6

Cixous, Hélène, 82, 84, 250n46, 251n47

closet, 97–98, 109, 123; coming out, 95, 97, 102, 109

Coalition for a Feminist Sexuality and Against Sadomasochism, 243nn3–4

collaboration, 24, 42, 65, 149, 152, 154–55, 161, 165, 195–98, 200, 213, 218, 227; collaboration in comics, 122; collaborative archival projects, 154; collaborative curation, 213; collaborative editing, 197, 265n2; collaborative mindset, 144; collaborative spirit, 212

collage, 1, 6, 8, 11, 17, 24–25, 27, 29, 34–35, 52, 55, 58, 195, 218, 243n18, 244n25; aesthetics, 17, 34, 39, 49, 66; collective, 34–35, 58; multimedia, 6, 8, 24–25; and sexuality, 16, 33, 38, 42–59, 227; as tactic, 27

collective spaces, 142

Combahee River Collective, 251n59, 260n22

comics, 4–6, 9–11, 13, 15, 39, 46, 68, 70, 72, 78, 81–83, 86–87, 90, 92, 94–96, 98, 101, 103, 110, 112, 115, 119–21, 123, 127–28, 130–31, 133–34, 137, 139, 149, 188, 195, 225–26, 250n31, 251n57, 269n76; activism, 7, 13, 122, 141; anthologies, 104; artist, 18, 68, 109–10, 112, 125, 141; circulation/distribution, 75, 112, 140–41, 248n13; collaboration, 65, 122; collections/archives, 17–18, 71–75, 85, 99, 107, 111–12, 118, 121–22, 242n24, 252n96; collectivity, 66, 125, 128, 136, 248n15, 249n15; comic books, 6, 8, 67; comicity/comicitous, 6, 8, 111, 123, 141, 204; comics-adjacent, 18, 123, 125, 141; Comics Code, 247n5; comics-infused advertisements, 123, 127, 137, 139; comics studies, 6, 11, 111–12, 125; comic strip, 3, 6, 8, 109, 119, 125, 129, 257n63; comix, 247n5, 254n12; community, 63, 75–76, 99, 102, 104, 107–8, 112, 115, 123; courses, 227; erotic, 248n13; erotic feminist, 58; feminist, 17, 23, 66–69, 71, 74, 76, 88–89, 97, 99, 109, 205; feminist underground comics, 63, 66–67, 69–74, 97, 107, 248n13, 248n15, 249n15, 250n45; form, 7, 17, 74, 76, 84, 91, 93, 140, 249n25; framing, 134; grassroots, 3–4, 7, 13, 18, 69, 72, 74, 104, 106, 109–14, 116–17, 120, 122–23, 125, 135, 140–41, 147, 226; independent, 66; lesbian comics, 99–100, 104, 106, 247n3, 252n85; lesbian/queer comics boom, 3, 100, 108; making, 15, 99, 255n26; mainstream, 106, 112; misogyny, 66–67, 84; page, 8, 80, 82, 93; panel, 82, 91, 102, 122, 138; and photography, 13, 43, 46, 246n55; politics, 111–12, 115, 117, 140; race, 70, 128; readers, 79, 116, 118, 135, 140, 204, 255n25; representational diversity, 134, 136; romance, 100, 252n79; scholarship, 7–8, 67, 71, 111, 122, 125, 248n7; semi-autobiographical, 69; sequence, 6–9; sexuality, 69, 99–100, 102, 106; shared history, 112; site of critical discourse, 7, 109; and social change, 3, 8, 13, 99; straight white men, 66; structure, 132; traditional industry, 113, 247n5; underground, 17, 66–67, 69, 71–77, 84–85, 97, 106, 247n5, 248n13, 248n15, 249n15, 250n28, 250n45, 254n12; versus art, 241n5, 241n11; webcomics, 141; women’s comics, 4, 11, 17, 66, 69–71, 73–75, 99, 112, 247n3, 247n5, 248n13, 249n25, 250n45. See also Dykes to Watch Out For (DTWOF); Gay Comix/Comics; queer comics; Strip AIDS USA; Tits & Clits; Wimmen’s Comix

Comics Journal, The, 4, 68, 113–14, 248n15, 249n15

consciousness-raising groups, 68–69, 77, 79–85, 88, 91, 97, 102–3, 219; and race, 9, 70, 89, 251n59, 260n22

Cook, Roy T., 247n4

Corbman, Rachel, 39, 243nn4–5, 243n12, 245n48

Corinne, Tee, 99, 247n3

Costa, Guido, 267n34, 268n54, 268n57

Cotera, María, 152–54, 259n22, 261nn34–35, 262nn36–39, 262nn42–43

Cotera, Martha P., 153, 158

Cottrell, Honey Lee, 53

cougar, 246n73

Coulthard, Edmund, 266n20, 266n25

Cowan, Liza, 249n19

creators, 59, 190, 244n32, 248n7; comics, 71; feminist, 49; LGBTQ, 7; mainstream, 113; mestiza, 184; queer, 106; women, 7, 53; zine, 11

Crenshaw, Kimberlé, 144, 258n7

Crumb, Robert, 247n5

Cruse, Howard, 100, 106–7, 252n81, 252n92, 254nn12–13. See Gay Comix/Comics

Cuevas, T. Jackie, 258n6, 261n23

Cvetkovich, Ann, 12, 28, 120–21, 242n18, 244n30, 255n33, 256n40

Darms, Lisa, 13, 242n24

Davies, Diana, 251n55

Davis, Keith, 212–14

Dean, Alison, 268n54

DeCrescenzo, Teresa, 242n31

de Lauretis, Teresa, 22, 117–18, 122, 243n10, 255n28, 256n41

Deparle, Jason, 268n68

Derrida, Jacques, 120–21

Dever, Maryanne, 250n30

diary, 11, 21, 34–35, 37, 39, 42

Diary of a Conference on Sexuality, 2, 16–17, 21–24, 26–27, 29–51, 59–62, 65–66, 99, 136, 213, 218, 227, 242n2, 243nn8–9, 243n11, 244n34, 245nn35–36, 245nn43–45, 245nn49–51, 246nn52–58, 247n81, 247nn83–85, 257n68. See also Alderfer, Hannah; Altman, Meryl; Ellis, Kate; Jaker, Beth; Nelson, Marybeth; Newton, Esther; Snitow, Ann; Vance, Carole S.

Dickson, Jane, 266n11

diCorcia, Max, 210, 212–14

diCorcia, Philip-Lorca, 213

Dimen, Muriel, 48, 50

Dinegar, Rosemary, 247n6. See also Wimmen’s Comix

disability, 136–37

DiVeglia, Angela L., 14, 28, 122, 242n26, 244n29, 256n42

documenting, 15, 18, 119, 147, 189, 198; activism, 15; advocating against anti-pornography feminists, 58; alternate queer kinships, 18; Gloria E. Anzaldúa, 150–52, 167; artistic community, 187; Barnard Sex Conference, 22–23, 30, 39, 62; Alison Bechdel, 119–20; challenging feminism, 69, 76; Chicana history and activism, 152–53; commitment to collectivity, 154; community, 190, 198, 205; community of friends, 187, 200; diversity, 1, 15, 19, 190, 205; domestic abuse, 207; through editing and curation, 14; feminist movement, 99, 109; frustrations with second wave feminism, 68; HIV/AIDS, 189–90, 198–99, 223, 266n12; LGBTQ lives, 28, 195; Cookie Mueller, 190, 216; not well documented, 12; and preserving, 14–16; queer kinship, 16; queer life, 109; race relations within feminism, 70; sexual experience, 4; Witnesses, 196, 199, 216; women’s sexuality and LGBTQ community, 14

Dodge, Chris, 253n8

Dodson, Betty, 53

Doughty, Frances, 36, 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference

Downer, Carol, 79–80. See also Great Yogurt Conspiracy

drag, 104–5, 190, 201–2, 209, 213, 267n32, 267n34. See also Angelico, Kenny (Ivy)

Dubin, Steven C., 196, 210–11, 266n9, 266n23, 268n63

DuBois, Ellen, 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference

Dueben, Alex, 248n15, 249n15

Duggan, Lisa, 55–57, 243n12, 246n69, 246n74

Dworkin, Andrea, 26, 33, 49, 244n19, 245n38

Dykes to Watch Out For (DTWOF), 109–11, 113–19, 125, 128–29, 131–35, 140, 253nn3–5, 255nn23–24, 256n52, 257nn60–61, 257n63; The Essential “Dykes to Watch Out For,” 110, 119–20, 125, 253nn6–7, 255n30, 256nn37–38; Firebrand Books, 110–11, 119, 125, 128, 253nn4–6, 255n31, 256n52; intersectional politics, 135; merchandise, 115, 117–18, 254n22, 255n31; multiracial cast, 134; self-syndicating, 74, 110–11, 113, 115–16, 125, 149, 225, 253n6; shoestring finances, 116; subcultural phenomenon, 3; Thanksgiving strip, 140; Universal Press Syndicate, 115, 254n21. See also Bechdel, Alison

Eaton, Spire, 254n13

Echols, Alice, 243n12

Eckardt, Stephanie, 257n76

Edel, Deb, 26

Eichhorn, Kate, 12–13, 30, 75, 107, 150, 152, 242n18, 242nn22–24, 244n33, 250n30, 252n93, 255n33, 261n25, 261n30, 262n43, 265n86

Eisner, Will, 8, 241n10

Ellis, Kate, 53–54, 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference; Caught Looking; Diary of a Conference on Sexuality

Enszer, Julie, 123, 250n30, 256n47

ephemera, 13, 75, 121–22, 167, 198

Espinoza, Dionne, 152, 259n22, 262n37

Ewing, Leslie, 104, 106, 252nn82–83, 252n86, 252n90

Fair, Molly, 242n20, 245n34

Fales Library, 196, 198–99, 214–15, 220–22, 242n24, 267n28, 267n36, 268n60, 268nn65–71, 268n73, 268n75, 269nn78–80. See also Goldin, Nan

Farmer, Joyce, 249n15. See also Tits & Clits

Fawaz, Ramzi, 6–9, 241n3, 241n7, 241n9, 241n12, 253n11

feminism/feminist, 2–4, 9, 12–13, 15, 21–24, 26–27, 30, 34, 65–66, 68, 71, 75, 77, 84–85, 88–91, 93, 95, 157, 180–81, 226; activism, 21, 24, 27, 89, 92–96, 226; anthologies, 65; archives, 26, 74; art, 2, 24, 247n15, 248n15; artists, 63; Black feminists, 43, 70, 89, 136, 251n59, 260n22, 263n58; bookstores, 66, 68, 114, 247n3, 248n13; Chicana feminist thought, 153; cinema, 117; circles, 76; collectivity, 70, 75–79, 84–85, 88, 110, 123–25, 128–29, 135–36, 138, 140, 248n15, 249n15, 250n30, 251n59, 256n50, 256n54, 260n22; comics, 23, 74, 76, 88–89, 99, 109; comics collections, 74; community, 4, 63, 102, 135, 146–47, 158, 204–5; consciousness-raising, 9, 68–70, 77, 79–85, 88–89, 91, 97, 102–3; culture, 9, 181; debate, 60, 62; demonstrations, 93, 95; discourse, 23, 27, 33–34, 67, 117, 144, 148, 163, 166–67, 181, 225; diversity of perspectives, 218; empowerment, 89; ephemera, 13; erotic comics, 58; feminist and queer visual culture, 75–76, 141; feminist forms, 27, 34, 38; feminist pornography, 49, 53, 58; feminist press, 110, 143, 260n22; feminist project, 52–53; feminists of color, 91, 128, 134–35, 149, 151, 163, 181, 259n22, 260n22, 263n58; feminist sources, 55; feminist texts, 52–53; friendship, 207; futures, 4, 134, 166; genealogies, 74, 108; grassroots organizing, 68–70; heterocentric, 70; history, 75–76, 79, 120, 226; homophobia, 95; images, 58; intersectional, 1, 5, 18, 79, 104, 120, 135, 144–45, 149, 203, 219; lesbian, 15, 18, 26, 69, 97, 99, 102, 118, 135, 144, 161, 226, 259n22; lives, 99; marginalization of comics, 66, 71–72, 88, 247n3, 248n13; movement, 1, 6–7, 9, 14–17, 21, 23, 27, 32, 63, 66–72, 76, 85, 88–89, 91, 99, 109, 128–29, 135, 248n15, 249n15; narrative, 251n53; periodicals, 18, 70, 74–75, 79, 106, 109–11, 123, 129, 135, 247n3, 253n8; plot, 91; politics, 76, 138, 140; public/private, 35; race, 91; readers, 79, 255n25; recovery, 71, 75, 249n25, 250n30; representation, 69, 88–89, 109, 134, 136, 195, 218; rhetoric, 27, 84, 88, 93, 97, 171, 258n13, 264n72; science fiction, 251n53; second-wave, 13, 34–35, 68, 71, 79; self-help, 69, 77–80; sensibility, 84; sex-positive, 1–2, 27, 33, 37, 65, 188, 219, 223, 227; sexuality, 6, 23–24, 67, 76, 85, 95, 97, 135, 188, 210; sex wars, 1–2, 16, 21, 23, 30, 33, 59, 61, 65, 188, 227, 243n7, 244n26, 245n37; spaces, 69; straight/white, 9, 18, 43, 69–70, 79, 135, 161, 163, 181, 259n22, 260n22, 263n58; support groups, 205; third-wave, 1–2, 13, 27, 30, 33–34, 37, 60, 223, 225; theory, 27, 123, 144, 167; underground comics, 63, 66–67, 69–74, 97, 107, 248n13, 248n15, 249n15, 250n45; utopian vision, 9; visual works, 23–24, 27, 65; zines, 34. See also anti-pornography feminists

Feminist Anti-Censorship Taskforce (FACT), 24, 26–27, 33–34, 49, 59–60, 244n19

Firebrand Books, 110–11, 119, 125, 128, 253nn4–6, 255n31, 256n52

Fire Island, 266n8

Fleener, Mary, 249n15. See also Tits & Clits

Fletcher, Suzanne, 196, 204–9, 267n43. See also Goldin, Nan

Flinn, Andrew, 198

Foss, Sonja K., 258n13, 264n72

Foucault, Michel, 48

France, David, 268n75

Franklin, Cynthia G., 259n22

Freedman, Jenna, 13, 242n24

Friedan, Betty, 89. See also Pumpkin the cat

Friedlander, Judith, 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference

friendship, 47, 110, 115–16, 187–90, 196, 198, 200–201, 204–7, 210–11, 213, 216–17, 219, 243n7, 258n3, 266n8, 266n12, 267nn32–33

friends of Dorothy, 48

Frohnmayer, John, 196

Fuchs, Elinor, 52–53, 246n63

Futter, Ellen V., 22

Gale’s Archives of Sexuality and Gender, 76, 226

Gallo, Marcia M., 251n54

Galvan, Margaret, 247n3, 249n15, 249n24, 250nn28–29, 252n78, 252n85, 252n95, 253n9, 256n44, 269n5

Gardiner, Judith Kegan, 253n6

Gauvin, Stephanie, 254n13

gay and lesbian movements, 1, 3, 6–8, 14–16, 27–28, 32, 74, 116, 119, 123, 129, 226, 244n27; bookstores, 254n14

Gay Comix/Comics, 3, 17, 99–107, 112, 227, 252nn80–83, 252nn86–87, 252n92, 254nn12–14; in bookstores, 254n14; bridge between underground and LGBTQ lives, 106; community of women cartoonists, 63, 67, 99–100, 104, 106; exploration of women’s sexuality, 17, 99; HIV/AIDS, 106; lesbian comics boom, 3; name change, 254n12; representation of women’s LGBTQ experiences, 67, 99, 102. See also Gregory, Roberta; Marrs, Lee

gay liberation, 3, 27

Gebbie, Melinda, 249n15. See also Wimmen’s Comix

German, Julie, 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference

Gilland, Julianne, 185

Ginsburg, Faye, 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference

Glass, Steph Rose, 254n13

GLBT Historical Society, 28

Goldin, Nan, 1, 3, 7–8, 15, 18–19, 23, 27, 53, 70, 136, 141–42, 185–223, 225, 265nn7–8, 266n8, 266n12, 266n20, 267n33, 268n61; activism, 19, 142, 186, 188, 190, 217, 219, 223; The Ballad of Sexual Dependency, 18, 187–210, 213, 216, 219, 265nn1–4, 266n11, 266n14, 266nn16–18, 267n32, 267n34, 267n41, 267n43, 268nn48–52, 268nn55–56, 268n58; Barbara (sister), 192–95, 198, 208, 216, 265n2; bisexuality, 200, 204, 267n32; care work, 198; collectivity, 136, 142, 189–90, 196, 213; community, 18, 142, 186–92, 194–205, 207–13, 216, 223, 266n13; The Cookie Portfolio, 190; curator, 19, 185, 188–89, 191–92, 194, 196, 199–202, 208, 210–13, 216–19, 223, 266n12; diverse sexual identities, 188, 190, 207; domestic abuse, 187, 200, 207, 265n3, 268nn53–55; gender roles, 195, 200, 202–3; grassroots communities, 141; homosocial, 201, 204; image–text, 203; interviews, 197, 203, 210, 217, 223, 265n1, 266n22, 266nn25–26, 267n39, 268nn58–59, 268n62, 268n74, 269n77, 269n81; linking feminism and HIV/AIDS activism, 188; musical playlist, 203; NEA controversy, 196, 217; The Other Side, 190, 202, 266n13, 266n20, 267n32, 267nn34–35, 267n37; PAIN (Prescription Addiction Intervention Now), 223; sexual liberation, 18, 187, 189, 194, 210, 219; sexually explicit photography, 27; slideshow, 18, 187, 190–91, 195–96, 203, 208, 212, 225, 265n1, 266n11; snapshot aesthetic, 3, 225; Times Square Show, 195; Witnesses Against Our Vanishing, 19, 189–91, 194, 196, 198–202, 210–23, 266n11, 267n36, 268n60, 268nn65–71, 268n73, 268n75, 269nn78–80. See also Fales Library; photography

Goldsby, Jacqueline, 259n21

Goldstein, Jesse, 242n20, 245n34

Gomez, Betsy, 248n7, 249n17

González-López, Gloria, 261n23

Gracey-Whitman, Lionel, 254n13

Grahn, Judy, 263n58

grassroots, 12, 113; activism, 241n5; beginnings, 141; community, 123, 141, 166; contexts, 112, 117; feminist organizing, 68–69; feminist periodicals, 18, 70, 74–75, 79, 106, 110, 114, 123, 247n3, 235n8; gay and lesbian newspapers, 74, 106, 111, 114, 123; image–text, 13; infrastructure, 140; materials, 72; media, 269n5; networks, 1, 4, 32, 109, 111–12, 116–17, 120, 135, 141, 147; newsletter, 11; newspapers, 3, 7, 74–75, 104, 110; periodicals, 70, 104, 109–10, 113, 116, 122–23, 125, 141, 226; publications, 68, 111, 114, 117, 135; publishers, 118; publishing, 110, 144; queer comics, 112–13; sources, 75; spaces, 123, 140, 226; tactics, 2. See also archives

Great Yogurt Conspiracy, 79–80, 250nn38–39, 240n41. See also Downer, Carol

Green, Karen, 13, 242n24

Greenwood, Eve, 254n13

Gregory, Roberta, 1, 3, 8–11, 17, 23, 63, 66–71, 74, 76, 88–100, 102–6, 108–9, 176, 188, 205, 227; biracial, 70; bisexuality, 69, 247n7, 248n7; celebration of feminism, 89; collectivity, 67, 136; consciousness-raising, 9, 70, 88–89, 91, 97, 102–3; critique of feminist movement, 9, 63, 69–70, 74, 76, 88–89, 109, 251n59, 260n22; critique of underground comics, 66, 248n15, 249n15; demonstrations, 93, 95; disillusion with feminism, 68; Dynamite Damsels, 9–10, 17, 67–68, 70, 88–100, 102, 106, 241n14, 242n15, 248n9, 249n16, 251nn57–66, 252nn67–77, 260n22; feminist collectives, 88; feminist comics bildungsromane/coming-of-age narratives, 17, 68, 70, 100; feminist culture, 9; feminist rhetoric, 88, 93, 97; feminist support groups, 205; feminist/women’s underground comics, 63, 66, 69–70; Gay Comix/Comics, 3, 17, 63, 67, 99–100, 102–6, 227, 252n80, 252n82; grassroots feminist organizing, 68–70; impact/influence, 71, 75; interviews, 70, 249n15, 249n19; Pumpkin the cat, 89–90; queer/women’s sexuality, 17, 97, 99; readers, 9, 88, 93; representation of queer/LGBTQ women, 67, 227; representation of race relations, 70, 90–91, 251n59, 260n22; sexual discovery, 17, 69; sexuality, 102, 106; sexuality as fluid, 100; Strip AIDS USA, 188; struggle for receptive venues, 23; visualizing feminist forms, 69; welcoming/inspiring new generation of women cartoonists, 17, 67, 74, 99–100, 104, 106, 108. See also Tits & Clits; Wimmen’s Comix

Grice, Karly Marie, 241n9, 253n11

Griffin Cindy L., 258n13, 264n72

Groeneveld, Elizabeth, 250n30, 256n47, 269n4

Grossman, Lev, 252n1

Guerrilla Girls, 260n22

Gwenwald, Morgan, 53

Hall, Justin, 112, 254n13, 254n15

Halperin, David M., 243n10, 247n82

Halsall, Alison, 241n9, 253n11

Harker, Jaime, 269n4

Harriford, Diane, 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference

Harvey, Brett, 22, 243n7. See also Barnard Sex Conference; No More Nice Girls

Heiferman, Marvin, 196, 265n2, 266n21, 268n47

Heifler, Sydney, 252n79

Heresies, 12, 24–26, 55, 243nn16–17, 246n70

Heresies Collective, 242n21, 243nn16–17, 246n70

Herrera Rodríguez, Celia, 154, 262nn40–41

Hesford, Victoria, 69, 249n18

heterosexual/heterosexuality, 29, 84–85, 100, 246n60; communities, 267n32; dispensing with, 100; heterocentric, 70; heteronormative, 200, 219; nonheterosexual, 67, 69

Hill, Anita, 60

Hilty, Joan, 104, 106, 115, 252nn82–83, 252n87, 252n90, 254n19

HIV/AIDS, 1, 15, 18–19, 106, 112, 186–92, 196, 198–99, 201–3, 209–23, 242n29, 265n8, 266n8, 266nn12–13, 266n28, 267n28

Hogan, Kristen, 250n30, 269n4

Holborn, Mark, 196

Holert, Tom, 265n1

homosexual/homosexuality, 158, 161; communities, 267n32; female homosexuality, 100; homophobia, 95, 97–98, 198–99, 211; homosocial, 201, 204; identities, 102; mythological creatures, 105; nondiscrimination, 4. See also closet

House, Penny, 249n19

Howard, Yetta, 7, 241n8

Hoyer, Jennifer, 242n20, 245n34

Hubbard, Jim, 268n75

Hubert, Craig, 225, 269n1

Hujar, Peter, 212–14, 218, 220, 223, 269n78

Human Sexuality Collection, 111, 119–20; Cornell University, 111, 119–20. See also Bechdel, Alison

Hunter, Nan D., 243n12, 244nn19–20, 245n38, 246n60, 246n62, 246n64, 246n74, 247nn1–2. See also Caught Looking

Ikas, Karin, 264n69

image–text, 6, 13, 16, 18, 33–34, 61, 63, 109, 111, 122–23, 135, 141, 146, 203

Indigenous Women’s Network, 260n22

Interference Archive, 12, 242n20, 245n34

intersectional, 1, 5, 104, 135, 144–45; avant la lettre, 18, 79; feminism, 149, 203, 219; queer and feminist histories, 120; visual politics, 18

Irola, Judy, 79, 250n35

Jaker, Beth, 1–2, 8, 16–17, 19, 21–63, 65, 188, 210, 213, 218, 227, 243n2, 246n64; activism, 17, 22–24, 27, 33, 49, 61, 65; archival work, 17, 19, 24, 26–27, 29, 33–34, 38, 47, 62; buffet of sexual pleasure, 55; collaborative authorship, 42, 65; collage aesthetics, 17, 34–35, 39, 49, 66; collectivity, 24, 34–35, 38, 53–54, 58, 136, 227; combating censorship, 27, 53; community, 35, 38, 48, 62–63; debate around sexual expression, 23, 26, 210; Group Material, 24, 227; handwriting, 245n44; image–text, 34, 61; influence, 39; multimedia collage, 6, 8, 24–25, 243n18, 244n25; prefiguring zines, 2, 33–34, 37–38; reclamation of pornographic tropes, 49, 58; sexually explicit, 17, 27, 29, 33, 38–39, 49, 53–54, 59; turned on, 54; visual/feminist activism, 17, 22–24, 27, 33, 49, 52, 59, 61, 65–66, 218, 227; women’s sexuality, 23–24, 27, 34, 38–39, 42, 49, 60, 62–63. See also Barnard Sex Conference; Caught Looking; collage; Diary of a Conference on Sexuality; Feminist Anti-Censorship Taskforce (FACT)

Jean-Nickolaus Tretter Collection in GLBT Studies, 119–20, 256n36, 256n39; University of Minnesota, 119–20, 256n36

Jesanis, Renie, 254n13

Jordan, Tessa, 250n30, 256n47, 269n4

Joy, Phillip, 254n13

Joysmith, Claire, 258n6

June L. Mazer Lesbian Archives, 28; University of California, Los Angeles, 28. See also West Coast Lesbian Collections

Junge, Sophie, 266n10

Kaplan, Carla, 79, 250n36

Kaplan, Louis, 268n54

Kastor, Elizabeth, 269n80

Keating, AnaLouise, 14, 143, 145–46, 149–50, 156, 185, 242n27, 258n4, 258n6, 258n11, 259n15, 259n22, 261nn23–24, 261nn26–27, 261n32, 262nn45–46, 269n3. See also Anzaldúa, Gloria E.

Kesey, Ken, 250n45

Ketelaar, Eric, 29, 244n32

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 47

Kirby, Rob, 254n13

Kirtley, Susan, 67, 71, 247n4, 248n10, 249n15, 249n23

Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press, 128, 260n22

Koegeler-Abdi, Martina, 262n44

Kominsky-Crumb, Aline, 248n15, 249n15. See also Wimmen’s Comix

Konchar Farr, Cecilia, 269n4

Korinek, Valerie J., 256n47

Kumbier, Alana, 242n24, 255n33

labor, 14, 121, 125, 153, 254n22; collective, 121, 125; community-minded, 14; mental, 163

Lacayo, Richard, 252n1

Laing, Olivia, 199, 266n28, 267n30

Lambert, Bruce, 257nn65–66

Lankton, Greer, 265n2, 266n11

Lavender Menace, 89, 251n55, 251n56

Law, Silvia A., 244n20

Lee, Matthew, 254n13

LeMieux, Kathryn, 249n15. See also Wimmen’s Comix

Leng, Kirsten, 255n25

Lennon, Mary Clare, 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference

lesbian/lesbianism, 3, 9, 15, 84, 89, 110, 118, 122, 128, 151, 161, 167, 247n7, 255n30, 263n69; activism, 15, 74, 116, 226; archives movement, 244n27; artwork, 2; BDSM, 65; butch, 9; cartoonists, 17, 104, 106; Chicana, 144, 158; comics, 99, 104, 106–8, 247n3, 252n85; comics boom, 3, 100; common lives, 110, 117–18, 257n63; community, 116, 257n63; culture, 135, 257n63; desire, 84; erotica, 53; exclusion from feminism, 17, 63, 66, 69–70, 89, 97; experience, 117; feelings, 95; feminists, 18, 69–70, 118, 135, 144, 167, 259n22; gay and lesbian periodicals, 74, 106, 111, 114, 123, 253n8, 257n63; grassroots archives, 17, 26, 28, 72, 74–75, 121–22, 198; history, 15; lesbian–feminist community, 102; letter-writing lesbians, 128–35; literature, 108; lived history, 121; mermaids, 104; organizing, 1, 123; relationships, 97, 100, 102, 106, 204, 255n30; sexuality, 138, 204; superhero team, 106; thinking, 2; visual affirmation/representation, 15, 69, 97, 99, 106, 110, 117, 128, 134–35, 141, 176; women’s movement a lesbian plot?, 89–90. See also closet; gay and lesbian movements; Lavender Menace

Lesbian Cartoonists’ Network, 106, 252n88. See also Natalie, Andrea

Lesbian Herstory Archives (LHA), 25–26, 28–29, 47, 72, 74–75, 99, 107–8, 111, 121, 126–27, 130–31, 137, 139, 247n3, 252n96. See also Bechdel, Alison

lesbian Norman Rockwell, 117–18, 141. See also Bechdel, Alison

Lesbian Sex Mafia, 21, 48. See also Allison, Dorothy

Leschen, Caryn, 247n6. See also Wimmen’s Comix

LGBTQ, 2, 7, 15, 17, 19, 27–28, 67, 100, 104, 106, 192, 195, 198, 227, 242n28, 261n33; activism, 8; comics, 7, 67, 100, 104, 108, 113, 115, 226, 250n28; community, 2, 14, 104, 106, 108, 113, 122, 192, 195

Liddell, Siobhan, 266n11

Light, Allie, 79, 250n35

Lopez, Erika, 34, 245n42

Lorenz, Kyri, 254n13

Lorde, Audre, 35, 135

Love, Heather K., 246n80, 247n81, 247nn83–84

Lubow, Arthur, 266n24

MacKinnon, Catharine, 26, 33, 49, 244n19, 245n38

Macy, Jon, 254n13

Manasse, Sherry, 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference

Mangels, Andy, 252n80, 252nn82–83, 252nn86–87, 254nn12–14. See also Gay Comix/Comics

Mankiller, Wilma P., 251n54

Marcus, Greil, 265n1, 267n38, 267n40

marginal/marginalization, 73, 88; in archives, 72–74; archives as preserving, 76, 121; of comics by women, 248n13, 250n28; feminist underground comics, 71–72; histories, 152, 261n33; marginalized media, 29, 71; place of queer comics publishing, 113; voices, 13; by Wikipedia, 269n6

marginalized groups/populations, 27, 152; bibliographies, 259n21; preservation in archives, 27, 152; race within feminism, 91; subjectivities, 177

Marrs, Lee, 1, 3, 8, 17, 23, 63, 66–71, 74, 76–88, 99–102, 106, 108–9, 136, 176, 205, 227; bisexuality, 69, 100; collectivity, 67, 136; consciousness raising, 68–70, 77, 79–85; critique of feminist movement, 63, 68–70, 74, 76, 85, 109; critique of underground comics, 66, 76, 84–85, 97, 248n15, 249n15; disillusion with feminism, 68; feminist collectives, 77–79, 84–85; feminist comics bildungsromane/coming-of-age narratives, 17, 68, 70, 85, 100; feminist politics, 68, 76–77; feminist support groups, 205; feminist/women’s underground comics, 63, 66, 69–70; The Further Fattening Adventures of Pudge, Girl Blimp, 17, 67–68, 70, 76–88, 91, 97, 100, 106, 136, 248n9, 249n16, 250nn32–34, 250n37, 250nn42–44, 251nn48–52, 257n68; Gay Comix/Comics, 3, 17, 63, 67, 99–102, 106, 227; grassroots feminist organizing, 68–70; Great Yogurt Conspiracy, 79–80; impact/influence, 71, 75, 85; interviews, 68, 70, 248n12, 248nn14–15, 249n15, 249n19; lesbian desire, 84; psychedelia, 250n45; queer/women’s sexuality, 17, 85, 99; readers, 79, 82, 88; representation of queer/LGBTQ women, 67, 85–86, 100, 227; representation of race relations, 70, 79, 136; self-help, 69, 77–80; sexual discovery, 17, 69, 85–86; sexuality, 102, 106; sexuality as fluid, 100; shared visual politics, 77; spiral form, 80–84; struggle for receptive venues, 23, 68; subverting romance comics, 100; visualizing feminist forms, 69; welcoming/inspiring new generation of women cartoonists, 17, 67, 74, 99–100, 104, 106, 108. See also Tits & Clits; Wimmen’s Comix

McChesney, Kit, 257n63

McCloud, Scott, 8, 204, 241nn10–11, 267n42

McGill, Meredith L., 259n21

McHenry, Elizabeth, 259n21

McKinney, Cait, 250n30, 256n47, 269n4

Meagher, Michelle, 250n30, 256n47, 269n4

Meier, Sam, 67, 248n10

Melia, Don, 254n13

memory, 2, 12, 19, 153, 192–94, 201, 209, 223, 227, 255n30; collective memory, 226; cultural memory, 192; and history, 149; memorial/memorialize, 188, 198, 210, 218, 223, 269n76; memory pieces, 216

Mendes, Willy, 250n45

Mercado-López, Larissa M., 261n23

Michigan State University comics collections, 72, 75

microaggression, 9, 169

Miller, Milo, 13, 242n24. See also Queer Zine Archive Project

Miller, Nancy K., 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference

Miller, Nick, 257n76

Miller, Rachel R., 248n13

Millet, Kate, 263n58

Mink, Gwendolyn, 251n54

Misemer, Leah, 67, 248n7, 248n10

Moraga, Cherríe, 35, 128, 143, 147–48, 165, 256n55, 257n1, 257n3, 258n3, 259n18, 259n22, 269n3. See also This Bridge Called My Back

Morgan, Robin, 89, 161–63, 252n69, 263n58

Morrisroe, Mark, 210, 213–14, 218, 221, 223, 266n11

Mueller, Cookie, 190, 209–10, 213, 215–17, 266n8, 266n11, 268n59

Mujeres Muralistas, Las, 260n22

Munch, Edvard, 158–60

Muñoz, José Esteban, 122, 125, 256n43, 256n49, 257n74

Murphy, Annie, 254n13

Murphy, Michelle, 250n38, 250n40

Murray, Simone, 269n4

Musante, Joan, 79, 250n35

Nakamura, Lisa, 143, 257n76, 257n2

Natalie, Andrea, 104, 106, 252nn82–83, 252nn88–90

Navarro, Marysa, 251n54

Nelson, Marybeth, 1–2, 8, 16–17, 19, 21–63, 65, 188, 210, 213, 218, 227, 243n2; activism, 17, 22–24, 27, 33, 49, 61, 65; archival work, 17, 19, 24, 26–27, 29, 33–34, 38, 47, 62; buffet of sexual pleasure, 55; collaborative authorship, 42, 65; collage aesthetics, 17, 34–35, 39, 49, 66; collectivity, 24, 34–35, 38, 53–54, 58, 136, 227; combating censorship, 27, 53; community, 35, 38, 48, 62–63; debate around sexual expression, 23, 26, 210; Group Material, 24, 227; handwriting, 245n44; image–text, 34, 61; influence, 39; multimedia collage, 6, 8, 24–25, 243n18, 244n25; prefiguring zines, 2, 33–34, 37–38; reclamation of pornographic tropes, 49, 58; sexually explicit, 17, 27, 29, 33, 38–39, 49, 53–54, 59; turned on, 54; visual/feminist activism, 17, 22–24, 27, 33, 49, 52, 59, 61, 65–66, 218, 227; women’s sexuality, 23–24, 27, 34, 38–39, 42, 49, 60, 62–63. See also Barnard Sex Conference; Caught Looking; collage; Diary of a Conference on Sexuality; Feminist Anti-Censorship Taskforce (FACT)

Nestle, Joan, 26, 48, 50, 244n23

Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection, 149, 154, 159, 162, 164, 168, 172, 174–75, 178–79, 182–83, 184–85, 259nn19–20, 263n57, 263n59, 263n62, 264n71, 264n75, 265n78, 265n82. See also Anzaldúa, Gloria E.

New Alexandria Library for Women, 28. See also Sexual Minorities Archive

Newton, Esther, 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference; Diary of a Conference on Sexuality

New York Public Library, 24, 26, 47, 198, 267n28

New York Radical Feminists, 22, 243n3, 243n5

Niesp, Sharon, 210

No More Nice Girls, 21. See also Harvey, Brett

Nolan, Michelle, 252n79

Noomin, Diane, 248n15, 249n15. See also Wimmen’s Comix

O’Dair, Barbara, 53–54. See also Caught Looking

off our backs, 79, 114, 250nn38–39, 250n41, 255n26

Ohio Lesbian Archives, 28

Oksman, Tahneer, 194, 266n19, 267n31

O’Neill-Butler, Lauren, 266n10, 269n81

ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives, 28, 72, 75; University of Southern California, 28. See also Western Gay Archives

On Our Backs, 53, 255n26

Orwell George, 48

Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop, 254n14

Perez, Domino Renee, 261n23

Pérez, Elle, 265n2, 266n21, 268n47

Pérez, Laura E., 264n74

periodicals, 112–15, 118–19, 124, 135, 141, 250n31, 255nn25–26; fictitious, 111; gay and lesbian, 74, 106, 111, 114, 123, 253n8; grassroots, 3, 7, 11, 70, 74–75, 104, 109–10, 113, 116, 122–23, 125, 141, 226; grassroots feminist, 18, 70, 74–75, 79, 106, 110, 114, 123, 247n3, 253n8; importance to feminist and LGBTQ organizing, 7, 123; local, 225; major, 115, 265n8; queer, 111–12, 118, 125; space of the page, 256n45. See also Heresies; off our backs; On Our Backs; Sinister Wisdom; WomaNews

Perlson, Hili, 266n12

Persephone Press, 128–29, 143, 256n55, 260n22

Peterson, Gregory J., 257n67

photography, 1, 3, 6–8, 13, 18–19, 24, 26–27, 29, 38–39, 43–47, 49, 53–59, 65, 116, 120, 141–42, 167–69, 185–209, 211–13, 215–16, 218–21, 223, 225, 243n18, 244n24, 246n55, 246n60, 265nn1–3, 265n7, 266nn11–13, 267n34, 267n43, 268n54, 268n57, 269n78; slideshow, 18, 29, 49, 52, 54–55, 77, 187, 190–91, 195–96, 203, 208, 212, 225, 246n60, 265n1, 266n11; snapshot, 3, 11, 225

Piepmeier, Alison, 11, 37, 242n17, 245n46

Pinckney, Darryl, 200, 266n22, 266nn25–26, 267n33, 267n45, 268n46

pleasure, 21, 26, 37, 42, 54–55, 58, 80, 82, 85, 88, 168; collective, 54; sexual, 42, 54; women’s sexual, 21, 59

pornography, 21–23, 26, 52–54, 58, 246n60; anti-pornography, 21, 27, 33, 38, 48–49, 52, 55, 59–60, 210, 244n19, 245n38; feminist pornography, 49, 58; pornographic images, 29, 35. See also anti-pornography feminists

Precup, Mihaela, 267n31

preserving/preservation, 2, 4, 13–15, 30, 249n26; activism, 30, 198; in archives, 2, 4, 12–13, 15–18, 33, 122, 141, 158, 198–99, 226, 242n24; archivist’s critical perspective, 14; artistic legacies, 199; artists, 4, 14–16, 19, 119, 149, 152, 160, 188–89, 194, 198, 200, 263n69; Artists Space, 196; comics, 71, 112, 242n24; community, 119, 149, 188–89, 191, 198–200; cultural consciousness, 15; culture, 198; Diary, 17; and documenting, 14–16; ephemeral materials, 167; feminist and gay and lesbian movements, 16, 27, 119; HIV/AIDS, 19, 188, 198, 267n28; images, 149, 160; individual cartoonists, 112; individual collectors, 14, 18, 26–27, 29, 33, 72–73, 85, 119, 150–55, 244n24; in visible archives, 1–2, 14, 226; marginalized groups, 27; marginalized history, 152, 261n33; marginalized media, 29, 71, 121; on the margins, 17; memory, 19, 193–94, 223; queer worlds, 188; radical visual material, 13; sexual experience, 4; and shaping memory, 12; social movements, 119, 152, 154; unworthy of, 227; through use, 12, 245n34; women of color, 152; zines, 242n24

Prosser, Jay, 267n31, 268n54

psychedelics, 82, 85, 250n45

Pumpkin the cat, 89–90. See also Friedan, Betty

Punzalan, Ricardo, 242n25

queer, 16, 118, 122, 158, 180, 227, 253n10; activism, 122, 141; cartoonists, 8, 18, 112, 115; as collectivity, 76, 122, 123, 125, 141; community, 104, 116, 118, 122, 135, 141, 201–3; creators, 106; discourse, 61, 117, 225; experience, 118, 244n27; genealogy, 120; grassroots archives, 13, 17–18, 111; history, 120–21, 203; ideas, 116; kinship, 18; legibility, 195; life, 109; media ghetto, 113; networks, 118; people/individuals, 16, 195; periodicals, 111–12, 125, 226, 255n26; perspectives, 7; publication networks, 113, 122–23, 125; queerer readings, 123; sexuality, 8, 17–18, 135, 248n13; social movements, 99; subjectivity, 118, 253n9; theory, 9, 18, 22, 61, 122–23; thinking, 12; visual culture, 76, 141; visual politics, 111; women, 219, 227; worlds, 188; zines, 99, 255n26

queer comics, 7, 18, 73, 107–8, 111–13, 122–23, 248n13, 253n1, 253n11, 265nn5–6, 269n76; art, 112; collectivity/community, 111–12, 123; grassroots queer comics, 112–13; marginal position, 113; periodicals, 111–16; publishing, 112–13; queer comics boom, 108; queer comics studies, 7, 112, 241n9, 253n11; thriving, 125. See also Gay Comix/Comics; Strip AIDS USA

queer comics archives, 18, 107, 112, 121–22, 125, 141; making visible, 125. See also archives

queerly mobilized, 7

Queer Zine Archive Project, 13, 99

Quintanales, Mirtha N., 48, 50

race, 4, 43, 79, 91, 132, 135, 143–44; and class, 60, 177; difference, 79; diversity, 70, 128, 134, 145; equality, 4; within feminism, 9, 62, 70, 91, 251n59, 259n22; identity, 170, 180; integrated, 136; lack of diversity, 9; racism, 70, 260n22; and sexuality, 46–47, 62; sexual stereotypes, 47; tokenization, 148; women of color, 17, 63, 66, 70, 91, 97, 128, 134–35, 143–44, 147–52, 154–55, 160, 163, 165, 167, 169, 181, 227, 259n22, 260n22, 263n58, 263n60

Radicalesbians, 89, 251n54

Ramírez, Sara A., 261n23

Ranney, Rob, 116

Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Columbia University, 72

Raymond, Claire, 267n31, 268n54

Reagan, Ronald, 3–5, 210

Reuman, Ann E., 263n58

Reveal Digital’s Independent Voices, 75–76, 226

rhetoric, 84, 97; feminist, 27, 88, 93, 97, 171; invitational rhetoric, 171, 258n13, 264n72; situations, 249n26; textual, 61, 91, 93; visual, 4

Rich, Adrienne, 15, 35, 161–63, 242n30, 255n30, 263n60

Rich, B. Ruby, 247n2

Richards, Terry, 247n6. See also Wimmen’s Comix

Riley, Claire, 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference

riot grrrl, 2, 33, 37, 225, 242n24

Robbins, Trina, 67–68, 113–14, 247n6, 248n8, 248n11, 248n15, 249n15, 249n25, 254n13, 254n17, 254nn21–22, 265nn5–6. See also Strip AIDS USA; Wimmen’s Comix

Rockettes, the, 135–36

Rockwell, Norman, 117–18. See also lesbian Norman Rockwell

Romberger, James, 269n76

Rosenkranz, Patrick, 74, 250n28

Rubenstein, Anne, 113–14, 253n2, 253n8, 254n16, 254n21, 255n26

Rubin, Gayle, 16, 22, 48, 51, 61–62, 226, 243n7, 243n12, 269n3; supposed antifeminism, 61; “Rethinking Sex,” 61. See also Barnard Sex Conference; Samois

Rudahl, Sharon, 247n6. See also Wimmen’s Comix

Ruddy, Sarah, 267n31

Runyon, Roxanne Loree, 250n30

Russ, Joanna, 251n53

Sabin, Roger, 247n5

Sacks, Susan R., 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference

Saldívar-Hull, Sonia, 261n23

Sammond, Nicholas, 67, 73, 107, 247n5, 248n10, 248n13, 249n17, 249n26, 252n94

Samois, 21, 48, 65. See also Rubin, Gayle

Sangwand, T-Kay, 242n25

Sante, Lucy, 267n33, 267n45, 268n46

Scarpati, Vittorio, 209–10, 213–16, 218, 222–23, 266n11

Scott, Darieck, 7, 241nn7–9, 253n11

Scott, Linda M., 257n62

Second Congress to Unite Women, 89

Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, 9, 241n13, 253n10

Sellie, Alycia, 242n20, 245n34

sequence, 6–9, 55–56, 82, 194–95, 208; collaboration, 197, 205; and collectivity/community, 6, 8, 53, 142, 200

sexuality, 1, 4, 11, 16, 18, 21, 23, 42–44, 66–68, 76–77, 97, 102, 106, 135, 143–44, 156, 225, 244n25, 245n44, 248n7, 261n23; activism, 32; celebration of, 1; and class, 60; community, 97, 100, 135, 189, 195; depictions/representations of, 7, 32, 60–63, 138, 188, 204, 219; discovery/exploration, 69, 100; diversity, 1–2, 4, 8, 16, 29, 102, 142, 188–90, 207, 219; engagement with, 84; and feminist movements, 6, 85; and gay and lesbian movements, 1, 6; images, 1, 54, 58; political engagement, 95; politics of, 42; public/private, 35; and race, 44, 46–47, 60, 91; reflecting on, 2, 38; revolutionary, 2; sadomasochism (S-M), 21, 23, 48, 62, 246n60; struggles with, 69, 100; unbridled female, 58; visual expression, 19, 23, 33; visual vocabulary, 6; women’s, 2, 7, 14–15, 17, 21, 23–27, 34, 37–39, 42–47, 49, 60, 62–63, 67–68, 99, 204, 223. See also bisexual/bisexuality; heterosexual/heterosexuality; homosexual/homosexuality; lesbian/lesbianism; queer

sexual liberation, 18, 60, 187, 189, 194, 210, 219

Sexual Minorities Archives, 28. See also New Alexandria Library for Women

Sharpe, Susanna, 265n85

Sheffield, Rebecka Taves, 261n33

Sheklow, Sally, 116, 255n24

Sherman, Bill, 4, 241n2, 248n11

Sherman, Cindy, 53

Sienkiewicz, Bill, 254n13, 265nn5–6. See also Strip AIDS USA

Sinister Wisdom, 167, 169

Smith, Barbara, 135, 226, 251n59, 260n22, 269n3

Smith, Beverly, 260n22

Smith, Bibi, 213–14

Smith, Kiki, 53, 213, 266n11

Smith, Maggie, 195

Smuckler, Linda, 262n53

Snitow, Ann, 34, 243n2, 245n40. See also Barnard Sex Conference; Diary of a Conference on Sexuality

social justice, 5, 7, 28, 30, 99, 129, 154, 157, 163, 188, 211, 259n22; collectivity/community, 4, 8, 11, 122, 148, 152

Society for the Study of Gloria Anzaldúa, 185, 261n23

Sontag, Susan, 198, 266n27

Sophia Smith Collection, 111, 114, 119–20, 253n10, 254nn18–20, 255nn24–25, 255n35. See also Bechdel, Alison

Sousanis, Nick, 242n24

Spero, Nancy, 53

spiral as form, 80–84, 161, 163; écriture feminine, 82, 84

Springer, Kimberly, 256n47, 269n4

Sprinkle, Annie, 53, 55, 58

Stadler, Quandra P., 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference

Stamper, Christine N., 241n9, 253n11

Steinem, Gloria, 251n54

Steckel, Anita, 53

Stein, Arlene, 246n80

Stein, Marc, 251n54

Stephenson, Heather, 118, 255n29, 255n32, 257n75

Stoler, Ann Laura, 71, 249n22

Stone, Merlin, 147–48, 259nn19–20. See also Anzaldúa, Gloria E.; Third World Women Speakers List

Stonewall National Museum and Archives, 28

Strip AIDS USA, 112, 188, 254n13, 265nn5–6

superheroine/lesbian superhero, 3–4, 106

Sussman, Elisabeth, 211, 268n64

Tallmer, Abby, 53–54. See also Caught Looking

Tashjian, Stephen, 266n11

Taylor, Marvin, 198–99. See also Fales Library

Tits & Clits, 66–67, 99, 248n15, 249n15; collectivity, 66

Teele, Roy E., 156–57, 161–62, 164, 263n59, 263n62

Third Woman Press, 260n22

Third World Women Speakers List, 147–48, 259nn19–20. See also Anzaldúa, Gloria E.; Stone, Merlin

This Bridge Called My Back, 3, 18, 128–29, 143–45, 147–48, 151, 153–54, 160, 165, 181, 256n55, 257n76, 257nn1–3, 258n3, 258nn5–6, 259nn16–18, 259n22, 260n22, 261n32, 262nn40–41, 262n49, 263n58, 265n81, 269n3. See also Anzaldúa, Gloria E.; Moraga, Cherríe

Thornton, Jeanne, 254n13

Thrift, Samantha C., 250n30, 269n4

Thurber, Shellburne, 266n11

Tom of Finland, 48, 51

Torres, Hector A., 261n29, 262n49, 262n52, 263n69

Townsend, Chris, 191, 266n15, 267n31

Townsend-Bell, Erica, 259n22

trans, 267n32; women, 190, 201–2, 209, 266n13, 267nn34–35, 267n37. See also Angelico, Kenny (Ivy); Lankton, Greer

Triptow, Robert, 254nn12–13, 265nn5–6. See also Gay Comix/Comics; Strip AIDS USA

Trudeau, Garry, 115

Truth, Sojourner, 43, 46

Vance, Carole S., 21–22, 24–25, 33–34, 39–40, 42–43, 48; Pleasure and Danger, 22, 24–25, 33, 61, 242n1, 243nn4–8, 243nn11–12, 243n18, 245n39, 247n85, 265n7. See also Diary of a Conference on Sexuality

Van Cook, Marguerite, 269n76

Vasta, Joseph, 29; Vasta Images/Books, 29

Village People, the, 3

Vitale, Robert, 265n2

visibility, 1, 6, 13, 16, 19, 27, 29, 115, 118, 122–23, 163, 165, 194, 219, 227, 259n21; through archives, 1, 14–15, 29, 108, 112, 118, 125, 142, 150, 154, 226; collectivity, 8, 11; community, 149, 189, 195, 197, 199, 202, 210–12; of diverse sexual identities, 1–2, 4, 8, 16, 29, 102, 142, 189–90, 219; feminism, 69; of HIV/AIDS, 186, 211–13, 219, 223; of women of color, 148, 151; of women’s sexuality, 7, 34, 39, 49, 89, 97, 117–18, 128, 135, 141, 176, 223. See also race

visual culture, 7, 75–76, 141, 144, 146, 195

visual politics, 18, 23, 65, 77, 111, 135, 140

visual tactics, 2, 39, 76

Walkowitz, Judy R., 243n2. See also Barnard Sex Conference

Walters, Suzanna Danuta, 246n80

Warren, Jonathan, 241n9, 253n11

Warren, Roz, 106, 112, 252n86, 252n88, 252nn90–91, 254n13

Warren, Shilyh, 79, 250n35

Washington, Desiree, 60

Washington State University underground comics collections, 72–73, 75

Waters, John, 190

Watterson, Bill, 115

Webster, Paula, 55, 58–59, 246n60, 246nn70–72

West Coast Lesbian Collections, 28. See also June L. Mazer Lesbian Archives

Western Gay Archives, 28. See also ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives

Westfall, Stephen, 265n1, 267n39

Where We At, 260n22

Wikipedia, 227, 269n6

Wilde, Christopher, 13, 242n24. See also Queer Zine Archive Project

Willis, Ellen, 22, 243n2, 243n7. See also Barnard Sex Conference

Wilshire, Mary, 3–5, 8, 241n1

Wimmen’s Comix, 66–67, 72–74, 99, 106, 247nn6–7, 248nn7–8, 248n15, 249n15; collectivity, 66, 68, 248n15, 249n15

Wings, Mary, 100, 102

Wojnarowicz, David, 196, 211, 213, 216–17, 266n11, 269n76, 269n78

WomaNews, 18, 110–11, 113, 117, 124–32, 134–41, 226; and Alison Bechdel, 18, 110–11, 113, 117, 124–32, 134–41, 226, 253n8, 256n48, 256nn50–54, 256n56, 257nn57–60; collectivity/community, 110, 124–25, 128–29, 135–36, 138, 140, 256n50, 256n54; Fifth Anniversary Variety Show!, 135–38, 257n64; letters pages, 124, 128–30, 132; obscuring by Bechdel, 110, 134; stopped publishing, 113; This Bridge Called My Back, 128, 256n55; t-shirt, 134, 138–40, 257n69; workshops, 124

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Index - Continued (2 of 2)
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Cover design by Crisis

Cover images reprinted with permission of Hannah Alderfer and Marybeth Nelson. Copyright Hannah Alderfer, Beth Jaker, Marybeth Nelson 1982, 1983. Scan courtesy of Visual Resources Center, Stanford University.

The University of Minnesota Press gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance provided for the publication of this book by the University of Florida College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and Center for the Humanities and the Public Sphere (Rothman Endowment).

Portions of chapter 2 are adapted from “Feminism Underground: The Comics Rhetoric of Lee Marrs and Roberta Gregory,” WSQ: Women’s Studies Quarterly 43, nos. 3/4 (Fall/Winter 2015): 203–22; copyright 2015 by the Feminist Press at the City University of New York; reprinted by permission of The Permissions Company, LLC on behalf of the publishers, www.feministpress.org; all rights reserved. Portions of chapter 3 are adapted from “‘The Lesbian Norman Rockwell’: Alison Bechdel and Queer Grassroots Networks,” American Literature 90, no. 2 (2018): 407–38; copyright 2018 Duke University Press; all rights reserved; reprinted by permission of the publisher, www.dukeupress.edu.

Images in chapter 4 from the Collection on Gloria Evangelina Anzaldúa are part of the Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection, University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin; copyright by the Gloria E. Anzaldúa Literary Trust, Benson Latin American Collection, University of Texas Libraries. By permission of Stuart Bernstein Representation for Artists, New York, N.Y., and protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States. All rights reserved. The printing, copying, redistribution, or retransmission of this Content without express permission is prohibited.

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