smart dust, 6
“Smarter Planet” (video, IBM), 7
Smarter Planet initiative (Cisco), 188
smart grids, 188, 221, 241, 253
Smart London Plan (Greater London Authority), 246, 247
smartphones, 7, 18, 19, 158, 214, 233, 245. See also mobile phones
SO2. See sulfur dioxide (SO2)
social media. See media, social
society of objects, 143, 151–52, 153, 154–55
software, 20, 53, 92, 99, 188, 196, 212, 237. See also code/coding
Southern California, sensing pollution in, 172, 173–75
space(s), 12, 146, 187, 209, 219, 271; computational, 197, 236; of data, 42–43, 77, 169–70; earthly, 1, 14; media, 15–16; sensor, 145–46; urban, 188, 190, 237
“Spaceship Earth” (photograph), 14
Speck citizen-sensing kit, 159
speculation, 171, 173, 241–65, 269, 273; Whitehead on, 272, 274. See also cities, speculative; geo-speculating
Spillcam, 59–60, 68, 72, 73–76, 75, 78, 79–80
Spinoza, Baruch, 106
Sputnik (satellite), 1–2, 3–4, 7, 15, 88
Stengers, Isabelle: on citizenship, 132; on computation becoming environmental, 12; on constructivism, 166; on cosmopolitics, 106, 209, 215–16, 222, 230, 238; on ecology of practices, 131; on idiot persona, 209–10, 215–16, 223, 230, 235, 243; influence of, 274–75; on invention, 274; on matters of fact, 293–94n27; on organisms, 152, 288n59; on politics, 235; on science and technology, 62, 106; on speculation, 265; on tuning, 281n9; on Whitehead, 22, 29, 130–31, 237, 255, 264, 280n74, 292n60
storks, tracking of, 95–99, 96
subjectivities, 14–15, 205, 297n34
subjects, 20, 129, 134; concrescences of, 10, 12–13, 32, 296n30; experiencing, 13, 22, 42, 52, 58, 77–78, 104, 128, 268, 269; media spaces’ effects on, 15–16; more-than-human, 51–52; perceiving, 32, 104; politics of, 127, 132; sensing, 54, 133; tuning to new registers of becoming, 32–33; Whitehead on, 130–31, 296n30; worlds’ relationship to, 289–90n94
subject-superjects: breathing’s articulation of, 163; concrescence of, 13, 45, 128, 296n30; concretizations of, 269; creatures as, 90, 128, 167; as entities, 160, 255; experiencing, 71, 73, 77, 124, 133, 180, 285n27; feeling, 167–70, 285n27; sensing, 48–49, 104, 131; Whitehead on, 13, 48–49, 51–52, 66–67, 127, 255. See also superjects
Subpolar Gyre, 141. See also gyres, oceanic
Subtropical Gyre, 141, 144. See also gyres, oceanic
sulfur dioxide (SO2), 157, 163, 164
superjects, 22, 52, 58, 77–78, 79, 128. See also subject-superjects
surveillance, 35, 65–66, 200, 234, 266, 277n7
sustainability: architectural, 248–51; citizen engagement in, 202–3; London initiatives, 241, 245–57, 264–65; Play the City game, 251, 252–54; practices of, 16, 80, 199–200; in smart cities, 185–205, 208, 237, 257
systems, 3, 80, 86, 153, 187, 281n6; animal observing, 99, 114; complex, 113, 117; control, 244, 303n23; cybernetic, 197, 279n59; global, 217–19; management of, 249–50, 251, 252–54; satellite, 2, 81, 84; sensor, 31, 33–38, 40, 42–45, 48, 50–51, 75, 282n23; smart, 197–201; telemetric, 7–8; urban, 189, 236, 241, 245–46, 252, 255–57. See also ecosystems; networks; sensor networks
tagging, animal, 19, 85, 88–99, 91, 98, 287n31; and problem of milieus, 99–103
Tagging of Pacific Predators (TOPP), 88
taking into account, process of, 66, 255–56, 265
TallBear, Kim, 133
TDU. See Traceable Drifter Unit (TDU)
technicity, 4, 106, 228, 230, 258–59
TechniCity course (MOOC), 206, 221–24, 223, 228, 230
techno-geographies: computational, 4, 51, 57–58, 67; concretizations through, 4, 79–80, 263; of environments, 67, 71, 267; of experiences, 57–80; milieus of, 58, 66–68, 78, 263; practices of, 273; of sensing, 68, 71, 72, 75, 78; Simondon on, 58, 66–67, 80, 93; of web cameras, 69, 73
technologies: capacities of, 269; communication, 3–4, 147, 304n40; concrescences of, 15, 48–49, 151, 179; concretizations of, 67, 242, 254–61, 262–63; digital, 21, 131–32, 188, 194, 198, 200, 203, 221–24, 241, 261–65; distributed, 261–62; of engagement, 19, 230, 235, 257–58; environmental, 11–12, 21, 29, 78, 125–30, 191, 199–200, 201, 285n42; inventiveness of, 159, 258; milieus of, 76–80, 103, 153–54; monitoring, 201–3; Simondon on, 103, 228, 242, 265, 270, 272, 302n2; in smart cities, 185–86, 189, 195, 217–18, 225, 245–54, 263, 264–65; urban, 217–20; wireless, 20, 260, 263. See also computationally based technologies; objects, technical; open-source technologies
technologies, sensing/sensor, 19, 39, 67–68, 71–72, 122, 129, 188, 272, 283n62; air quality, 158–62, 169–79; animal tracking, 84–87; citizen adoption of, 158–62, 166, 214, 271–72, 273; concrescences of, 15, 48–49, 151, 179; distributed, 76–77, 241; experiments in, 1–24; infrastructural, 188, 261–65; instrumentation of, 50, 166; media, 51, 79; miniaturization of, 33, 86; monitoring, 3, 65–66, 85, 86, 143, 150, 166, 169–70, 178, 180; of observation, 20, 154; participatory, 21, 204, 230; political engagement through, 47, 178; relevance of, 32, 54, 58; tracking, 104, 105; transformations through, 10, 219–20, 254; visual, 63, 78. See also satellites, sensing technology of
Technology Strategy Board (TSB), 247
technoscience, 54, 63, 133, 280n83. See also science
telepresence, 65–66
temperatures, earth: CO2 levels connected to, 122, 123; sensing of, 81, 94, 95; warming, 16, 44–45, 85, 112–13, 114, 115–17, 119–20. See also climate change; global warming
Terrestrial Ecology Observing Systems (TEOS), 37–47
Thingful platform, 145, 146. See also Internet of Things
Traceable Drifter Unit (TDU), 144–45
tracking. See animals, tracking; debris, marine, tracking of
transduction, 129
transformations, 1, 13, 65, 77, 168, 197, 235, 236; through digital technologies, 10, 219–20, 254; environmental, 48, 181; in smart cities, 198, 217, 221–24, 242
transindividuations, 254, 256, 258, 259–60, 262–63, 272, 274
transit systems, 199, 202, 213, 245–46, 249
TSB. See Technology Strategy Board (TSB)
Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt, 106
tuning, 32–33, 34, 166–67, 268, 281n9
ubiquitous computing, 30, 45, 186, 188, 194–96, 198, 199–200, 215; development of, 47–48; environmental technologies of, 190, 262; literature on, 20–21; sensors as tool within, 18, 31; Weiser on, 6, 8–9, 269. See also computation, becoming environmental
Uexküll, Jakob von, 52
U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 35
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 159; air quality index from, 174; on environmental monitoring, 166, 178, 180; pollutants designated by, 163, 290–91n18, 296n12
U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 35, 277–78n8
U.S. National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), 35, 38, 39
U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 138, 144, 148
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). See drones
urbanism, 186, 245; computational, 188, 192, 193–94, 224–25; open-source, 207, 211, 217–18, 220; tactical, 219, 236
urbanism, participatory digital, 207–38; actions of, 211–20; apps for, 211–20; fixing problems, 230–33; imaginaries of, 205, 261, 298n5; open-source, 217–18; proposals for, 237–38; read/write/execute practices, 217–20; rethinking, 230, 233–36; and societies of machines, 224–26; withness and, 242–43, 264. See also prototypes/prototyping, urban; science, urban; sensing practices, urban; smart cities
urbanization, 185, 218, 237, 247, 252. See also cities; problems, urban; smart cities
Urban Prototyping initiative, 219–20
Vatnajökull (the sound of) project, 126
Virno, Paolo, 302n75
visibility, 57–58, 72, 76, 77, 78. See also in/visibility
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 170
waste. See debris, marine; electronic waste; garbage patches, oceanic; plastics, marine concentrations of
ways of life, 138, 155, 158; computation as part of, 6, 9, 18, 30, 47, 192, 234; private intersecting with public participation, 226–27; sensors influencing, 223–24; in smart cities, 189, 194, 195–96, 197, 202–5; sustainability in, 199–200; urban, 215, 217, 219
weather, 34, 144; monitoring, 33, 70, 81, 94, 150, 245, 246, 250–51. See also climate change; temperatures, earth
weather stations, 35, 39, 112, 246, 257
webcams, 57–80; images-as-sensors, 60–68; marine deployments of, 62, 63; milieus of, 76–80; monitoring with, 65–66; as sensor systems, 59; in smart cities, 257; techno-geographies of, 73. See also cameras; Crittercam; Moss Cam; Spillcam
Weiser, Mark, 47–48, 262; on ubiquitous computing, 6, 8–9, 269
Western Garbage Patch, 141. See also Great Pacific Garbage Patch
Whitehead, Alfred North, 9, 152; on becoming, 160, 289n92; on breathing, 162–63; on citizenship, 127, 273; on climate change, 113; on community, 263; on computation becoming environmental, 12, 279n64; on concrescence, 10, 263, 302n2; cosmologies of, 167–68, 209; on datum, 20, 53, 167–69, 179, 297n34; on the environment, 12, 39; on experiences, 32, 51, 54, 283n62; on facts, 166–67; influence of, 36–37, 274–75; ingression definition, 297n55; on invention, 274; on involvement, 179; on matters-of-fact, 291n28; on measurement, 123; on misplaced concreteness, 280n83; on objectivity of data, 181; on perception, 48; philosophy of organisms, 48–49, 104, 151, 152, 280n74, 297n34; on relation, 129; on relevance, 165; on science, 100, 180; on sensing, 132, 281n6, 285n27; on speculation, 272, 274; on subjectivist principle, 297n34; on subjects, 130–31, 296n30; on subject-superjects, 13, 48–49, 51–52, 66–67, 127, 255; on superjects, 22; on withness, 242–43, 263–64; on worlds, 128. See also Stengers, Isabelle, on Whitehead
white papers, 35, 186, 188, 221, 298n5
WHO. See World Health Organization (WHO)
Wiener, Norbert, 103, 253, 256, 258
Wikelski, Martin, 84, 85–86, 87, 97, 98, 99
WildSensing project (University of Cambridge/Oxford University), 90–93
withness, 241–65; as automatism, 256–59; as contingency, 259–61; digital infrastructure of, 253, 254–61; James on, 304n65; as measurement, 254–56; modalities of, 243, 254–61, 263–64, 264–65; sensors and, 245–54; speculative cities and, 261–65; urban projects related to, 242–43, 264; Whitehead on, 242–43, 263
world(s), 64, 67, 153, 178, 209; concrescing, 48, 123; experiencing, 49, 123; experimenting, 270–75; perceiving, 48–50, 104–7; subjects’ relationship to, 289–90n94; unmediated access to, 285n36; Whitehead on, 128; withness of, 263–64. See also earth
World Health Organization (WHO), 295n1, 296n17
Wytham Woods (Oxford), badger study in, 90–93
Xively platform, 175, 279–80n70, 281–82n19, 291n21
Yang, Soo-In, 89
Yates, David C., 303n23
Yeatman, Eric M., 303n23