smart dust, 6

“Smarter Planet” (video, IBM), 7

Smarter Planet initiative (Cisco), 188

smart grids, 188, 221, 241, 253

Smart London Plan (Greater London Authority), 246, 247

smartphones, 7, 18, 19, 158, 214, 233, 245. See also mobile phones

SO₂. See sulfur dioxide (SO₂)

social media. See media, social

society of objects, 143, 151–52, 153, 154–55

software, 20, 53, 92, 99, 188, 196, 212, 237. See also code/coding

Southern California, sensing pollution in, 172, 173–75

Southern Ocean, 93–95, 147

space(s), 12, 146, 187, 209, 219, 271; computational, 197, 236; of data, 42–43, 77, 169–70; earthly, 1, 14; media, 15–16; sensor, 145–46; urban, 188, 190, 237

“Spaceship Earth” (photograph), 14

Speck citizen-sensing kit, 159

speculation, 171, 173, 241–65, 269, 273; Whitehead on, 272, 274. See also cities, speculative; geo-speculating

Spillcam, 59–60, 68, 72, 73–76, 75, 78, 79–80

Spinoza, Baruch, 106

Sputnik (satellite), 1–2, 3–4, 7, 15, 88

Stengers, Isabelle: on citizenship, 132; on computation becoming environmental, 12; on constructivism, 166; on cosmopolitics, 106, 209, 215–16, 222, 230, 238; on ecology of practices, 131; on idiot persona, 209–10, 215–16, 223, 230, 235, 243; influence of, 274–75; on invention, 274; on matters of fact, 293–94n27; on organisms, 152, 288n59; on politics, 235; on science and technology, 62, 106; on speculation, 265; on tuning, 281n9; on Whitehead, 22, 29, 130–31, 237, 255, 264, 280n74, 292n60

storks, tracking of, 95–99, 96

streets, fixing, 230–33, 232

subjectivities, 14–15, 205, 297n34

subjects, 20, 129, 134; concrescences of, 10, 12–13, 32, 296n30; experiencing, 13, 22, 42, 52, 58, 77–78, 104, 128, 268, 269; media spaces’ effects on, 15–16; more-than-human, 51–52; perceiving, 32, 104; politics of, 127, 132; sensing, 54, 133; tuning to new registers of becoming, 32–33; Whitehead on, 130–31, 296n30; worlds’ relationship to, 289–90n94

subject-superjects: breathing’s articulation of, 163; concrescence of, 13, 45, 128, 296n30; concretizations of, 269; creatures as, 90, 128, 167; as entities, 160, 255; experiencing, 71, 73, 77, 124, 133, 180, 285n27; feeling, 167–70, 285n27; sensing, 48–49, 104, 131; Whitehead on, 13, 48–49, 51–52, 66–67, 127, 255. See also superjects

Subpolar Gyre, 141. See also gyres, oceanic

Subtropical Gyre, 141, 144. See also gyres, oceanic

Suchman, Lucy, 225, 284n18

sulfur dioxide (SO₂), 157, 163, 164

superjects, 22, 52, 58, 77–78, 79, 128. See also subject-superjects

surveillance, 35, 65–66, 200, 234, 266, 277n7

sustainability: architectural, 248–51; citizen engagement in, 202–3; London initiatives, 241, 245–57, 264–65; Play the City game, 251, 252–54; practices of, 16, 80, 199–200; in smart cities, 185–205, 208, 237, 257

systems, 3, 80, 86, 153, 187, 281n6; animal observing, 99, 114; complex, 113, 117; control, 244, 303n23; cybernetic, 197, 279n59; global, 217–19; management of, 249–50, 251, 252–54; satellite, 2, 81, 84; sensor, 31, 33–38, 40, 42–45, 48, 50–51, 75, 282n23; smart, 197–201; telemetric, 7–8; urban, 189, 236, 241, 245–46, 252, 255–57. See also ecosystems; networks; sensor networks

tagging, animal, 19, 85, 88–99, 91, 98, 287n31; and problem of milieus, 99–103

Tagging of Pacific Predators (TOPP), 88

taking into account, process of, 66, 255–56, 265

TallBear, Kim, 133

TDU. See Traceable Drifter Unit (TDU)

technicity, 4, 106, 228, 230, 258–59

TechniCity course (MOOC), 206, 221–24, 223, 228, 230

technics, 53, 79–80

technoculture, 80, 242, 270

techno-geographies: computational, 4, 51, 57–58, 67; concretizations through, 4, 79–80, 263; of environments, 67, 71, 267; of experiences, 57–80; milieus of, 58, 66–68, 78, 263; practices of, 273; of sensing, 68, 71, 72, 75, 78; Simondon on, 58, 66–67, 80, 93; of web cameras, 69, 73

technologies: capacities of, 269; communication, 3–4, 147, 304n40; concrescences of, 15, 48–49, 151, 179; concretizations of, 67, 242, 254–61, 262–63; digital, 21, 131–32, 188, 194, 198, 200, 203, 221–24, 241, 261–65; distributed, 261–62; of engagement, 19, 230, 235, 257–58; environmental, 11–12, 21, 29, 78, 125–30, 191, 199–200, 201, 285n42; inventiveness of, 159, 258; milieus of, 76–80, 103, 153–54; monitoring, 201–3; Simondon on, 103, 228, 242, 265, 270, 272, 302n2; in smart cities, 185–86, 189, 195, 217–18, 225, 245–54, 263, 264–65; urban, 217–20; wireless, 20, 260, 263. See also computationally based technologies; objects, technical; open-source technologies

technologies, sensing/sensor, 19, 39, 67–68, 71–72, 122, 129, 188, 272, 283n62; air quality, 158–62, 169–79; animal tracking, 84–87; citizen adoption of, 158–62, 166, 214, 271–72, 273; concrescences of, 15, 48–49, 151, 179; distributed, 76–77, 241; experiments in, 1–24; infrastructural, 188, 261–65; instrumentation of, 50, 166; media, 51, 79; miniaturization of, 33, 86; monitoring, 3, 65–66, 85, 86, 143, 150, 166, 169–70, 178, 180; of observation, 20, 154; participatory, 21, 204, 230; political engagement through, 47, 178; relevance of, 32, 54, 58; tracking, 104, 105; transformations through, 10, 219–20, 254; visual, 63, 78. See also satellites, sensing technology of

Technology Strategy Board (TSB), 247

technoscience, 54, 63, 133, 280n83. See also science

telemetry, 2, 7, 94

telepresence, 65–66

temperatures, earth: CO₂ levels connected to, 122, 123; sensing of, 81, 94, 95; warming, 16, 44–45, 85, 112–13, 114, 115–17, 119–20. See also climate change; global warming

Terrestrial Ecology Observing Systems (TEOS), 37–47

Thingful platform, 145, 146. See also Internet of Things

Traceable Drifter Unit (TDU), 144–45

tracking. See animals, tracking; debris, marine, tracking of

transduction, 129

transformations, 1, 13, 65, 77, 168, 197, 235, 236; through digital technologies, 10, 219–20, 254; environmental, 48, 181; in smart cities, 198, 217, 221–24, 242

transindividuations, 254, 256, 258, 259–60, 262–63, 272, 274

transit systems, 199, 202, 213, 245–46, 249

TSB. See Technology Strategy Board (TSB)

Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt, 106

tuning, 32–33, 34, 166–67, 268, 281n9

Turing, Alan, 47–48, 52

Twitter, 150, 221, 235, 257

ubiquitous computing, 30, 45, 186, 188, 194–96, 198, 199–200, 215; development of, 47–48; environmental technologies of, 190, 262; literature on, 20–21; sensors as tool within, 18, 31; Weiser on, 6, 8–9, 269. See also computation, becoming environmental

Uexküll, Jakob von, 52

U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 35

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 159; air quality index from, 174; on environmental monitoring, 166, 178, 180; pollutants designated by, 163, 290–91n18, 296n12

U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 35, 277–78n8

U.S. National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), 35, 38, 39

U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 138, 144, 148

unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). See drones

urbanism, 186, 245; computational, 188, 192, 193–94, 224–25; open-source, 207, 211, 217–18, 220; tactical, 219, 236

urbanism, participatory digital, 207–38; actions of, 211–20; apps for, 211–20; fixing problems, 230–33; imaginaries of, 205, 261, 298n5; open-source, 217–18; proposals for, 237–38; read/write/execute practices, 217–20; rethinking, 230, 233–36; and societies of machines, 224–26; withness and, 242–43, 264. See also prototypes/prototyping, urban; science, urban; sensing practices, urban; smart cities

urbanization, 185, 218, 237, 247, 252. See also cities; problems, urban; smart cities

Urban Prototyping initiative, 219–20

Vatnajökull (the sound of) project, 126

Virno, Paolo, 302n75

visibility, 57–58, 72, 76, 77, 78. See also in/visibility

volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 170

waste. See debris, marine; electronic waste; garbage patches, oceanic; plastics, marine concentrations of

ways of life, 138, 155, 158; computation as part of, 6, 9, 18, 30, 47, 192, 234; private intersecting with public participation, 226–27; sensors influencing, 223–24; in smart cities, 189, 194, 195–96, 197, 202–5; sustainability in, 199–200; urban, 215, 217, 219

weather, 34, 144; monitoring, 33, 70, 81, 94, 150, 245, 246, 250–51. See also climate change; temperatures, earth

weather stations, 35, 39, 112, 246, 257

webcams, 57–80; images-as-sensors, 60–68; marine deployments of, 62, 63; milieus of, 76–80; monitoring with, 65–66; as sensor systems, 59; in smart cities, 257; techno-geographies of, 73. See also cameras; Crittercam; Moss Cam; Spillcam

Weiser, Mark, 47–48, 262; on ubiquitous computing, 6, 8–9, 269

Western Garbage Patch, 141. See also Great Pacific Garbage Patch

Whitehead, Alfred North, 9, 152; on becoming, 160, 289n92; on breathing, 162–63; on citizenship, 127, 273; on climate change, 113; on community, 263; on computation becoming environmental, 12, 279n64; on concrescence, 10, 263, 302n2; cosmologies of, 167–68, 209; on datum, 20, 53, 167–69, 179, 297n34; on the environment, 12, 39; on experiences, 32, 51, 54, 283n62; on facts, 166–67; influence of, 36–37, 274–75; ingression definition, 297n55; on invention, 274; on involvement, 179; on matters-of-fact, 291n28; on measurement, 123; on misplaced concreteness, 280n83; on objectivity of data, 181; on perception, 48; philosophy of organisms, 48–49, 104, 151, 152, 280n74, 297n34; on relation, 129; on relevance, 165; on science, 100, 180; on sensing, 132, 281n6, 285n27; on speculation, 272, 274; on subjectivist principle, 297n34; on subjects, 130–31, 296n30; on subject-superjects, 13, 48–49, 51–52, 66–67, 127, 255; on superjects, 22; on withness, 242–43, 263–64; on worlds, 128. See also Stengers, Isabelle, on Whitehead

white papers, 35, 186, 188, 221, 298n5

WHO. See World Health Organization (WHO)

Wiener, Norbert, 103, 253, 256, 258

Wikelski, Martin, 84, 85–86, 87, 97, 98, 99

WildSensing project (University of Cambridge/Oxford University), 90–93

withness, 241–65; as automatism, 256–59; as contingency, 259–61; digital infrastructure of, 253, 254–61; James on, 304n65; as measurement, 254–56; modalities of, 243, 254–61, 263–64, 264–65; sensors and, 245–54; speculative cities and, 261–65; urban projects related to, 242–43, 264; Whitehead on, 242–43, 263

world(s), 64, 67, 153, 178, 209; concrescing, 48, 123; experiencing, 49, 123; experimenting, 270–75; perceiving, 48–50, 104–7; subjects’ relationship to, 289–90n94; unmediated access to, 285n36; Whitehead on, 128; withness of, 263–64. See also earth

World Health Organization (WHO), 295n1, 296n17

Wytham Woods (Oxford), badger study in, 90–93

Xively platform, 175, 279–80n70, 281–82n19, 291n21

Yang, Soo-In, 89

Yates, David C., 303n23

Yeatman, Eric M., 303n23