Color Plates

Plate 1. Workshop of Theodor de Bry, Tupinambá dance, from Jean de Léry, Navigatio in Brasiliam Americae (1592). Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University.

Plate 2. Lucas van Leyden, Worship of the Golden Calf, c. 1530, detail of center panel. Oil on panel. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

Plate 3. Pinturicchio (Bernardino di Betto), Resurrection, Hall of the Mysteries of the Faith, Borgia Apartments, c. 1494 (detail). Courtesy of the Vatican Museums.

Plate 4. Albert Eckhout, Tapuya Dance, 1640–44. Oil on canvas, 172 × 295 cm. Nationalmuseet, Denmark.

Plate 5. Frans Post, View of Itamaracá, 1637. Oil on canvas, 63.5 × 89.5 cm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

Plate 6. Frans Post, View of Fort Ceulen, 1638. Oil on canvas, 62 × 95 cm. Copyright RMN-Grand Palais / Art Resource, N.Y.

Plate 7. Frans Post, São Francisco River, 1639. Oil on canvas, 62 × 95 cm. Copyright RMN-Grand Palais / Art Resource, N.Y.

Plate 8. Frans Post, The Ox Cart, 1638. Oil on canvas, 62 × 95 cm. Copyright RMN-Grand Palais / Art Resource, N.Y.

Plate 9. Mason Chamberlin, Benjamin Franklin, 1762. Oil on canvas, 128 × 103.5 cm. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Wharton Sinkler, 1956–88–1.

Plate 10. Thomas Cole, Kaaterskill Falls, 1826. Oil on canvas, 64.2 × 89.7 cm. Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, Connecticut. Bequest of Daniel Wadsworth, 1848.15.

Plate 11. Thomas Cole, The Voyage of Life: Childhood, 1839. Oil on canvas, 132 × 198 cm. Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute / Art Resource, N.Y.

Plate 12. Thomas Cole, Camp Meeting, 1827. Graphite on paper. Courtesy of the New York State Library, Manuscripts and Special Collections.

Plate 13. Thomas Cole, Landscape, Composition, St. John in the Wilderness, 1827 (detail). Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, Connecticut. Bequest of Daniel Wadsworth, 1848.16.

Plate 14. Asher B. Durand, Kindred Spirits, 1849. Oil on canvas, 111.8 × 91.4 cm. Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville, Arkansas, 2010.106. Photography by the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Plate 15. Title page from W. K. L. and Antonia Dickson, History of the Kinetograph, Kinetoscope, and Kineto-Phonograph (1895). Library of Congress, Rare Books and Special Collections.

Plate 16. “Peace Meeting, Pine Ridge 1891, Gen. Miles & Staff,” colored lithograph poster for Buffalo Bill’s Wild West, c. 1894. Buffalo Bill Center of the West, Cody, Wyoming. 1.69.406.